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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer o consumo de álcool entre estudantes de uma universidade no sul do Brasil. Realizou-se estudo transversal, quantitativo, com acadêmicos de Biomedicina (n=134) por meio do instrumento Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, versão traduzida. Utilizou-se teste estatístico para verificar associação entre variáveis categóricas. Houve predomínio de mulheres, de 18 a 21 anos. Verificou-se início precoce de consumo de álcool, anterior à chegada à universidade, vinculado a festas e companhia de amigos. Após ingressar no curso, 41,04% disseram ter aumentado a ingestão (p=0,0001). Quanto ao risco, 72,38% foram classificados como consumidores de baixo risco, 19,39% como de risco, 5,98% de alto risco e 2,25% dependentes. Ser acadêmico da área da saúde e conhecer os prejuízos associados ao consumo do álcool não favorece a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Evidencia-se que o uso de álcool não é exclusivamente influenciado pelo conhecimento dos riscos.

This is a cross-sectional study with data and biological material collection from vineyard farmers in southern Brazil. An interview was carried out through a questionnaire developed according to the reference guide of the state government. Plasma and urine samples were screened for Aluminum, Chromium, Manganese, Copper, Nickel, Cobalt, Zinc, Arsenic, Selenium, Cadmium, Antimony, Barium, Mercury, Lead and Uranium, with a technique for fast determination of these elemental contents in biological material utilizing dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis was used to identify associations between these elemental contents in biological samples and the information obtained from the interviews. The farmers showed some trace elements in plasma and urine at a higher concentration than unexposed populations from other studies. This study highlights recent findings of trace elements in biological material and their association with characteristics of pesticide use. In addition, it also contributes to the gap in the literature regarding trace elements content in plasma and urine of workers exposed to pesticides.

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical profile of Litsea cubeba essential oil, carry out an in vitro evaluation of its antioxidant potential and its cytotoxicity, as well as its an...

Compilation studies related to toxicological aspects and also biological monitoring and analysis methods for specific fungicides and, mainly, those that belong to the class of the dithiocarbamates (DTCs) have not been carried out at least in the last ten years. DTCs - dimethyldithiocarbamates, ethylenebisditiocarbamates, propylenebisditiocarbamates - are organosulfur compounds that form complexes due to the presence of different chemical elements, which bind strongly and inhibit enzymes that are essential to the functioning of the organism, causing a serious proven adverse effect on biological systems, such as alteration of thyroid hormones, teratogenesis and neurotoxicity. It is still evident, as shown by world data, that the growing consumption of fungicides has increasingly exposed the population in general and, in particular, workers who deal with these substances. There is a scarcity of studies in the literature discussing the toxicological and analytical aspects that are important for understanding the real effects of DTCs and monitoring human exposure to them. Therefore, the aim of this work was to expose, in a comprehensive way and through a narrative review, gaps in research related to the fungicides of the DTCs class, their metabolites, as well as the toxicological and analytical aspects involved. The review is divided into two parts: (1) Toxicological aspects, including toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and toxidromes; and (2) Analytical Toxicology, which comprises biomarkers, sample preparation and identification/quantification methods.

There are few data on the association of physical trauma and consumption of psychoactive substances. Objective: To investigate the use of marijuana and alcohol by trauma victims becomes important to subsidize prevention actions. Methods: 299 willingly given samples from individuals hospitalized in the years 2015-2017 due to trauma associated to the use of drugs of abuse were analyzed; the individuals were considered user of drugs of abuse either due to medical diagnosis or to self-reporting. Biological samples from the patients were first trialed for Cannabis; confirmation of cannabis use was performed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Alcoholaemia was also investigated. Results: Males made up the majority of the assessed subjects (91.4%), their average age being 40 years. The major causes for trauma included traffic accidents (46.82%) followed by violence/aggression (26.77%). Toxicological trialing for cannabis resulted in 14.72% positive samples and alcoholaemia varied between 9.38 to 17.85%. Conclusion: The abusive use of Cannabis is a risk factor for accidents and violence leading to traumatic injuries. The age range between the second and fourth decade of life and the automotive steering were relevant predictors for the use of Cannabis. Epidemiological studies provide important information to support preventive measures, considering the scarcity of studies on this theme.

The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of metals in peel, pulp, and seeds of grapes obtained from family farms in Brazil, compare them to the maximum threshold levels and to evaluate the risk by estimating the daily intake (EDI). Grape samples were collected from farms and levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were assessed via ICP-MS. The highest metal levels were found in grape peels, Cu at the highest concentration (107.6 mg kg-1). Cr, Cu, and Pb were found at concentrations which exceeded maximum threshold levels. The EDI of Cd, Cu and Pb through consumption of grapes for the assessed Brazilian population was 0.29, 1822 and 3.02 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. The EDI of Cu was above the Provisionary Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI). Thus, there are possible health risks due to the occurrence of Cu in Brazilian grapes.

This work presents a frequency matched observational study comparing flower farmers exposed to pesticides and unexposed individuals as controls. All subjects were interviewed before plasma and urine collection. Manganese and Zinc were measured in theses samples by using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Cholinesterase activity was analyzed through spectrophotometry by using a modified version of the Ellman method. Seventy-eight percent of subjects reported occupational contact with pesticides, from which 37% reported exposure for over 9 years. Flower farms farmers had increased odds of having headache and irritability, respectively, by factors of 6.2 and 2.4 than the control subjects. While the odds of exposed subjects to have insomnia was smaller than control subjects by a factor of 0.34. Exposure to pesticides had a significant effect regarding the plasmatic plasma and urinary manganese levels and whole blood cholinesterase activity (p 0.05). High levels of plasma and urinary manganese, as well as cholinesterase inhibition in whole blood, were evident in the flower farmers who participated in the study.

This study aimed to evaluate the risk concerning child population's health because of the occurrence of AFM

Pesquisas abordando o tema da violência autoinfligida são relevantes, mas têm sido pouco abordados no Brasil. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar dados sobre notificações de mortes por lesões autoprovocadas no estado do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa a partir de dados secundários obtidos dos sistemas de informação de saúde nacionais de casos notificados de óbitos por lesão autoprovocada intencionalmente no estado do Paraná, no período de 2009 a 2018, referente ao Código Internacional da Doença (CID) 10 da categoria X60 a X84. Foram identificados 6609 óbitos por lesões autoprovocadas com crescimento significativo (p

This study aimed to evaluate the risk concerning child population's health because of the occurrence of AFM1 in UHT milk, powdered milk (PM) and infant formulae (IF). Determination of AFM1 was performed in 60 samples and evaluation of the mycotoxin exposure was carried out through the determination of the estimated daily intake (EDI), whereas risk characterization was evaluated with the calculation of the risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and the Margin of Exposure (MOE). AFM1 ranged from 150 to 1020 ng/kg, and all the positive samples exceeded the limits stablished by European Community. The EDI for AFM1 ranged according to the age group of the population studied (0–5 years old) from 0.828 to 2.523, 0–2.113 and 0.029–0.833 ng/kg b. w./day in UHT, PM and IF, respectively. The number of HCC cases associated with AFM1 exposure (0.0015 a 0.0045) was higher than the limit of 0.001 case/100,000. MOE values for AFM1 were 728 to 239, considerably below the security margin of 10,000. These results point to a potential risk to the health of Brazilian child population exposed to AFM1 in dairy products.

To statistically analyze serum heavy metal levels in biological samples obtained from vineyard workers from southern Brazil and check for heavy metal exposure due to pesticide use. Serum samples were obtained from 54 farmers and 108 healthy unexposed individuals. Samples from the same farmers were obtained at three different time points over a 1-year period. Levels of lead, arsenic, nickel, zinc, manganese and copper were determined for each sample using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS). All results were statistically analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test (followed by Dunn’s post hoc test). Results showed that serum heavy metal levels in farmers were twofold to fourfold higher than in controls. This difference was found for all heavy metals tested and was significant (p