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The bogie is one of the most important parts of metro vehicles, to provide traction, support and guidance of the vehicle in the process of the vehicle. To a great extent, the rationality of the structure of the bogie can directly affect the dynamic performance of the metro vehicles and the safety and comfort of the ride. This paper researches on the detection equipment of the Metro Bogie, mainly researches on the loading system of the metro static load test bed.

Aiming at the problems of three-phase PWM rectifier system on rapidity and robustness, circuit topology and mathematical model were studied. Based on analyzing the working principle of linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) strategy and component, a new integral linear active disturbance rejection controller (I-LADRC) has been proposed. The voltage and current could be controlled independently through the double closed loop control system based on coordinate transformation. In the control system, current inner loop was established on the basis of feedforward decoupling PI controller, and the voltage outer loop was based on I-LADRC. The switching signals were generated by space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method. At last, confirmatory experiments were carried out by Simulink in which the results of PI, LADRC and I-LADRC have been compared. The results indicate that the three-phase PWM rectifier with I-LADRC which has no overshoot is rapid and robusto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system, marked by the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral midbrain. In the pathogenesis of PD, inflammation hypothesis has been concerned. This study aims to investigate clinical indicators of peripheral inflammation in PD patients and to explore the diagnostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in assessing PD risk., Methods: This study included 186 patients with PD and 201 matched healthy controls (HC) with baseline data. Firstly, the differences of hematological indicators between PD group and healthy participants were compared and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were then conducted. Smooth curve fitting was applied to further validate the relationships between NLR, LMR, AFR, and PD. Subsequently, subgroup analysis was conducted in PD group according to different duration of disease and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, comparing differences in clinical indicators. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the diagnostic value of NLR, LMR, and AFR in PD., Results: Compared to the HC group, the PD group showed significantly higher levels of hypertension, diabetes, neutrophil count, monocyte count, CRP, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and NLR. Conversely, levels of LMR, AFR, lymphocyte count, HDL, LDL, TG, TC, uric acid, and albumin were significantly lower. The multivariate regression model indicated that NLR (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.39-2.31, p  < 0.001), LMR (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66-0.85, p  < 0.001), and AFR (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73-0.85, p  < 0.001) were significant factors associated with PD. Smooth curve fitting revealed that NLR was positively linked to PD risk, whereas AFR and LMR were inversely associated with it. In ROC curve analysis, the AUC of AFR was 0.7290, the sensitivity was 63.98%, and the specificity was 76.00%. The AUC of NLR was 0.6200, the sensitivity was 50.54%, and the specificity was 71.50%. The AUC of LMR was 0.6253, the sensitivity was 48.39%, and the specificity was 73.00%. The AUC of the combination was 0.7498, the sensitivity was 74.19%, and the specificity was 64.00%., Conclusion: Our findings indicate that NLR, LMR, and AFR are significantly associated with Parkinson's disease and may serve as diagnostic markers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Xu, Ren, Xu, Dai, Yang and Jin.)

Cluster headache (CH) is a common primary headache that severely impacts patients' quality of life, characterized by recurrent, severe, unilateral headaches often centered around the eyes, temples, or forehead. Distinguishing CH from other headache disorders is challenging, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Notably, patients with CH often experience high levels of depression and suicidal tendencies, necessitating increased clinical attention. This comprehensive assessment combines various reports and the latest scientific literature to evaluate the current state of CH research. It covers epidemiology, population characteristics, predisposing factors, and treatment strategies. Additionally, we provide strategic insights into the holistic management of CH, which involves continuous, individualized care throughout the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation stages. Recent advances in the field have revealed new insights into the pathophysiology of CH. While these findings are still evolving, they offer a more detailed understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this disorder. This growing body of knowledge, alongside ongoing research efforts, promises to lead to the development of more targeted and effective treatments in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xu, Li, Ren, Xu, Dai, Jin and Yang.)

We explored the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of understory species in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in Wuqi, Ansai, Mizhi, Yichuan and other places, in combination with niche breadth, soil, altitude and other environmental factors. We analyzed the response mechanism of species distribution to environmental factor to provide a scientific basis for the mana-gement of R. pseudoacacia plantation in loess hilly region. The results showed that the broadly distributed understory species in R. pseudoacacia plantation were Setaria viridis, Heteropappus altaicus, Artemisia scoparia, Poa sphondylodes, Artemisia leucophylla, Ixeris sonchifolia, and Incarvillea sinensis. With the increasing rehabilitationage, the dominant understory species distribution followed the order: Artemisia capillaries → P. sphondylodes → A. scoparia → others (Rubia cordifolia, Rosa rubus and so on) → A. leucophylla → S. viridis. Results from principal component analysis showed that soil total phosphorus (25.6%), altitude (20.3%) and soil total nitrogen (19.3%) were the key factors influencing understory species distribution in R. pseudoacacia plantation. Soil organic carbon content, soil total nitrogen content, soil total phosphorus content, soil water content and the number of understory species distribution in R. pseudoacacia plantation were generally positively correlated with the degree of correlation varying across different species. There was no correlation between the slope aspect and the understory species distribution in R. pseudoacacia plantation. In conclusion, topography and soil factors played important roles in driving understory species distribution. The steeper the slope, the higher the altitude, the fewer understory species in R. pseudoacacia plantation. Understory species distribution was mainly affected by soil total phosphorus content and altitude. The understory species distribution reflected the differences of soil nutrient status, which had a certain guiding role in the management of R. pseudoacacia plantation.

Objective: To observe the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60) on serum and knee-joint IL-17 and IL-23 contents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats so as to study its underlying mechanism in improving RA., Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to normal control, RA model, EA and Prednisolone groups (n = 8 in each group). The RA model was established by intra-planta injection of incomplete Freund's adjuvant and type II collagen. EA (2 Hz/100 Hz,1-2 mA)was applied to bilateral "Zusanli"(ST 36) and "Kunlun"(BL 60) for 30 min, once daily for 10 days. The rats' ankle diameter was measured, and IL-17 and IL-23 contents in the serum and the knee-joint cavity were assayed by ELISA and Western blot, respectively., Results: In comparison with the normal control group, the rats' ankle diameter, serum IL-17 and IL-23 contents and knee-joint IL-17 and IL-23 protein expression levels were significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). After EA and Prednisolone treatment, compared with the model group, all the rats' ankle diameter, serum IL-17 and IL-23 contents and knee-joint IL-17 and IL-23 protein expression levels were decreased remarkably (P < 0.05). No obvious differences were found between the EA and Prednisolone groups in the aforementioned indexes (P > 0.05), except IL-17 protein expression level (being markedly lower in the Prednisolone group than in the EA group)., Conclusion: EA intervention can reduce inflammatory reaction of the ankle-joint in RA rats, which may be related to its effects in down-regulating serum and knee-joint IL-17 and IL-23 levels.

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of acupuncture treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by using systematic review in view of evidence-based medicine (EBM)., Methods: Original articles about acupuncture treatment of PCOS published from the database-established year to November of 2013 were searched from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Library (CBM), Wanfang Data, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library and the associated references-indicated papers by using keywords of polycystic ovary syndrome, randomization, acupoint, acupuncture, acupuncture plus moxibustion, acupuncture plus acupoint-embedment of catgut, and acupuncture plus otopoint application. Those articles about treatment of PCOS with simple abdominal acupuncture, simple acupoint-embedment of catgut, simple otopoint-pellet-pressure, and simple moxibustion treatment, and simple abstracts were excluded. If the articles re-published in both Chinese and English and in academic conferences and journals, one of them with higher quality was included. Two independent reviewers extracted data from located articles in a pre-defined structured way, and the Meta-analysis was conducted using software RevMan 5.2, otherwise using the qualitative analysis., Results: A total of 31 articles (28 in Chinese, 3 in English) containing 2,321 cases of PCOS patients met the included criteria. Meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficacy of simple acupuncture was the same as that of western medicine, and the efficacy of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine interventions was obviously higher than that of western medicine (P < 0.05). In addition, simple acupuncture intervention and acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicines or with moxibustion treatment have advantages in reducing serum luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), insulin resistance (IR), testosterone (T), and body mass index (BMI). However, the quality of the collected articles is generally lower due to unclear bias, no sample quantity estimation, incorrect randomization methods, no follow-up survey, etc., Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy may be effective for PCOS, but needs to be confirmed further by larger sample randomized controlled trials.

Except for the most organized mature hepatocytes, liver stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs) can differentiate into many other types of cells in the liver including cholangiocytes. In addition, LSPCs are demonstrated to be able to give birth to other kinds of extra-hepatic cell types such as insulin-producing cells. Even more, under some bad conditions, these LSPCs could generate liver cancer stem like cells (LCSCs) through malignant transformation. In this review, we mainly concentrate on the molecular mechanisms for controlling cell fates of LSPCs, especially differentiation of cholangiocytes, insulin-producing cells and LCSCs. First of all, to certificate the cell fates of LSPCs, the following three features need to be taken into account to perform accurate phenotyping: (1) morphological properties; (2) specific markers; and (3) functional assessment including in vivo transplantation. Secondly, to promote LSPCs differentiation, systematical attention should be paid to inductive materials (such as growth factors and chemical stimulators), progressive materials including intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways, and implementary materials (such as liver enriched transcriptive factors). Accordingly, some recommendations were proposed to standardize, optimize, and enrich the effective production of cholangiocyte-like cells out of LSPCs. At the end, the potential regulating mechanisms for generation of cholangiocytes by LSPCs were carefully analyzed. The differentiation of LSPCs is a gradually progressing process, which consists of three main steps: initiation, progression and accomplishment. It's the unbalanced distribution of affecting materials in each step decides the cell fates of LSPCs.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the impact of gender difference on outcome and prognosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: This was a prospective and multicentered observation study. All the patients with acute STEMI admitted to the hospitals from June 1(st) 2009 to June 1(st) 2010 were continuously recruited. In this study, a unified questionnaire was applied and the 382 patients satisfied the criteria. A unified follow-up questionnaire was used on patients who were discharged from the hospital., Results: On average, the female patients were 8 years older than the males. The median "symptom-to-balloon time" was 312.5 minutes in females and 270.0 minutes in males, and it was significantly different (P = 0.007). During hospitalization, a higher proportion of female patients developed heart failure, angina and bleeding. No gender differences were found on the in-hospital mortality rates and medical therapy recommended by the guideline. The female patients were more prone to multi-vessel disease than males (P = 0.002). Success rates of primary PCI did not show any gender differences. One-month mortality and other cardiovascular events also did not show gender difference when the patients were followed for one month after being discharged. The rates of heart failure and re-hospitalization due to cardiac incidents among female patients were obviously higher than the males, three months after being discharged (P = 0.007, respectively). However, the three-month and long-term cardiac mortality did not show differences related to gender. Female patients were associated with higher all-cause mortality than that in males, but there was no statistically significant difference (female 4.2% vs. male 1.6%; P = 0.056). Data from multi-factor regression analysis showed that being female was not an independent predictor related to in-hospital mortality or during the follow-up period., Conclusion: Being female was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality or during follow-up period among patients who were treated with primary PCI. Worse long-term outcome seen in female patients was likely to be explained by older age or longer pre-hospital delayed time.