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10. Navigating ‘C’ of the SPICES Model in Twin Cities of Pakistan

Author

Gilani, Irum, Rashid, Azhar, Yasmeen, Rahila, Kayani, Ziyad Afzal, Gilani, Irum, Rashid, Azhar, Yasmeen, Rahila, and Kayani, Ziyad Afzal

Abstract

This article explores practices regarding community–based activities (CBAs) of the undergraduate outcome–based integrated curriculum in medical colleges of twin cities (Rawalpindi–Islamabad) of Pakistan. The study identifies gaps and recommendations for implementing community–oriented and community–based medical education (COME & CBME) at the undergraduate level in Pakistan. The analysis shows that the lack of learning outcomes, assessment strategies, and supervisory structure hindered any improvement in the CBAs. The dominance of the clinical faculty and the Community Medicine faculty's limited motivation were identified as significant challenges hindering advancement in the CBME. The regulatory authority was proposed to combat pre–clinical versus clinical dilemmas and interdisciplinary and interprofessional issues, including multi–sectoral and community engagement challenges faced by the COME in Pakistan. Keywords: Community–Oriented, Medical Education, Undergraduate, Community–Based, Twin Cities, Pakistan DOI: 10.7176/JEP/15-6-10 Publication date: May 30th 2024

Published
2024

25. Evaluation Of Ovarian Artery Doppler Indices In Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Author

Iqbal, Adeeba, Memon, Muhammad Ali, Rashid, Azhar, Pavgi, Mariam Bashir, Rind Baloch, Gulraiz Karim, and Pirzado, Ali Akbar

Subjects
ENDORECTAL ultrasonography, BODY mass index, ARTERIES
Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of unstable ovarian artery doppler indices in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methodology: This is cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital from February 2021 to January 2022. A total of 130 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The patients included were those having duration of illness was more than 3 months, age between 20-40 years. Patients with influencing factors e.g., high prolactin and hypothyroidism were excluded from the study. The selected patients were undergone transabdominal ultrasound for the localization of anatomical position of ovarian arteries. Pulsed doppler range gate was established across the vessel and mean of three waveforms was observed. The doppler artery indices included were pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI). The values were obtained and recorded. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.33 ± 4.11 years. Majority of patients (54.33%) were between the 19-29 years. Mean time of duration of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was 3.11 ± 1.43 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.38 ± 2.01 kg/m². The frequency of deranged arterial involvement in patients was 71%. Conclusion: The findings suggested that the prevalent of deranged ovarian artery indices (RI and PI) in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is significantly high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Factors leading to the academic failure of undergraduate medical students - Predict early to prevent.

Author

Rashid, Azhar, Yasmeen, Rahila, Ahmed, Rehan, and Jawed, Khaulah

Subjects
*REFLECTIVE learning, *MEDICAL students, *SCHOOL failure, *UNDERGRADUATES, *BEHAVIORAL assessment, *SUCCESSFUL people, *COGNITIVE load, *THEMATIC analysis
Abstract

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to explore the factors to predict academic failure before the first major assessment. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted from March 2021 to August 2021 at Riphah International University. Using the purposive sampling technique, 16 students and seven teachers were included in the study. Eight online interviews were conducted with students who were academic failures and two focus group discussions were held with eight high achievers and seven teachers. The data was analyzed and thematic analysis was done. Results: Thematic analyses deduced relevant themes which were: Educational Journey Does past matter? Essential for learning, Personality and psychological make-up, and assessment of behaviour. The factors identified were performance record, learning difficulty, educational dislocation, missionless and purposeless, against free will, tuition, poor self-regulation, low effort, procrastination, non-reflective practice, cognitive load mismanagement, limited remediation, hesitant help-seeking, low self-efficacy, introvert behaviour, demotivation, emotional imbalance, observation of student behaviour, assessment of assigned task. Conclusion: Academic failure can be predicted early and salvaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. Co-selection of antibiotic resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements in the presence of heavy metals in poultry farm environments

Author

Mazhar, Sohaib H., Li, Xuanji, Rashid, Azhar, Su, JunMing, Xu, Junqiang, Brejnrod, Asker Daniel, Su, Jian-Qiang, Wu, Yijian, Zhu, Yong-Guan, Zhou, Shun Gui, Feng, Renwei, Rensing, Christopher, Mazhar, Sohaib H., Li, Xuanji, Rashid, Azhar, Su, JunMing, Xu, Junqiang, Brejnrod, Asker Daniel, Su, Jian-Qiang, Wu, Yijian, Zhu, Yong-Guan, Zhou, Shun Gui, Feng, Renwei, and Rensing, Christopher

Abstract

Environmental selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is considered to be caused by antibiotic or metal residues, frequently used in livestock. In this study we examined three commercial poultry farms to correlate the co-occurrence patterns of antibiotic and metal residues to the presence of ARGs. We quantified 283 ARGs, 12 mobile genetic elements (MGEs), 49 targeted antibiotics, 7 heavy metals and sequenced 16S rRNA genes. The abundance and type of ARG were significantly enriched in manure while soil harbored the most diverse bacterial community. Procrustes analysis displayed significant correlations between ARGs/MGEs and the microbiome. Cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were responsible for a majority of positive correlations to ARGs when compared to antibiotics. Integrons and transposons co-occurred with ARGs corresponding to 9 classes of antibiotics, especially Class1 integrase intI-1LC. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that antibiotics, metals, MGEs and bacteria explain solely 0.7%, 5.7%, 12.4%, and 21.9% of variances of ARGs in the microbial community, respectively. These results suggested that bacterial composition and horizontal gene transfer were the major factors shaping the composition of ARGs; Metals had a bigger effect on ARG profile than detected antibiotics in this study.

Published
2021

35. Perionyx kempi Stephenson 1914

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Megascolecidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Opisthopora, Perionyx, Perionyx kempi, Taxonomy
Abstract

102. Perionyx kempi Stephenson, 1914 Perionyx kempi Stephenson, 1914a: 389. T. Kobo in Abor Hills, Arunachal Pradesh, India. D. Arunachal Pradesh: Doju Bung (Julka 1981), Zero Camp Namdapha (Halder et al. 2007)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 293, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Stephenson, J. (1914 a) Zoological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911 - 1912. Oligochaeta. Records of the Indian Museum, 8, 365 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1193","Julka, J. M. (1981) Taxonomic studies on the earthworms collected during the Subansiri Expedition in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper, No. 26, 1 - 53.","Halder, K. R., Dhani, S. & Mandal, C. K. (2007) On some earthworms present in unnamed collections of Zoological Survey of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 107, 79 - 93."]}

Published
2020
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36. Perionyx variegatus

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Megascolecidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Opisthopora, Perionyx, Perionyx variegatus, Taxonomy
Abstract

119. Perionyx variegatus (Michaelsen, 1907) Perionychella variegata Michaelsen, 1907: 158. T. Phallut, district Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. D. Arunachal Pradesh: Sinkie River near Police Colony Itanagar (Halder et al. 2007). Sikkim : Nathang (Soota & Halder 1981). West Bengal ., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 295, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1907) Neue Oligochaeten von Vorder-Indien, Ceylon, Birma, und den Andaman-Inseln. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, Hamburg, 24 (2), 143 - 188.","Halder, K. R., Dhani, S. & Mandal, C. K. (2007) On some earthworms present in unnamed collections of Zoological Survey of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 107, 79 - 93.","Soota, T. D. & Halder, K. R. (1981) On some earthworms from eastern Himalayas. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 79, 231 - 234."]}

Published
2020
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37. Glyphidrilus gangeticus Gates 1958

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Glossoscolecidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Glyphidrilus, Haplotaxida, Glyphidrilus gangeticus, Taxonomy
Abstract

27. Glyphidrilus gangeticus Gates, 1958 (���1955���) Glyphidrilus gangeticus Gates, 1958b: 55. T. Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. D. Assam: Unspecified localities (Rajkhowa et al. 2015). Tripura: Unspecified localities (Chaudhuri et al. 2012 - doubtful identity)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 283, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Gates, G. E. (1958 b) On Indian and Burmese earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus. Records of the Indian Museum, 53 (1 & 2), 53 - 65. [imprint 1955]","Rajkhowa, D. J., Bhattacharyya, P. N., Sarma, A. K., and Mahanta, K. (2015) Diversity and distribution of earthworms in different soil habitats of Assam, North-East India, an Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 85 (2), 389 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 40011 - 014 - 0380 - 1","Chaudhuri, P. S., Dey, A., Bhattacharjee, G. & Nath, S. (2012) Earthworm diversity in Tripura - present status. Science & Culture, 78 (7 - 8), 343 - 346."]}

Published
2020
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38. Perionyx inornatus Stephenson 1916

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Megascolecidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Opisthopora, Perionyx, Perionyx inornatus, Taxonomy
Abstract

100. Perionyx inornatus Stephenson, 1916 Perionyx inornatus Stephenson, 1916: 320. T. Sandakphu, district Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. D. West Bengal., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 293, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Stephenson, J. (1916) On a collection of Oligochaeta belonging to the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 12, 299 - 354."]}

Published
2020
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39. Drawida constricta Gates 1929

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Drawida constricta, Animalia, Clitellata, Drawida, Biodiversity, Haplotaxida, Moniligastridae, Taxonomy
Abstract

5. Drawida constricta Gates, 1929 Drawida constricta Gates, 1929: 10. T. Mandalay, Myanmar. D. Arunachal Pradesh: Taliha (Julka 1981)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Gates, G. E. (1929) A summary of the earthworm fauna of Burma with descriptions of fourteen new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 75, 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.75 - 2781.1","Julka, J. M. (1981) Taxonomic studies on the earthworms collected during the Subansiri Expedition in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper, No. 26, 1 - 53."]}

Published
2020
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40. Argilophilus sikkimensis

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Megascolecidae, Argilophilus, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Haplotaxida, Argilophilus sikkimensis, Taxonomy
Abstract

38. Argilophilus sikkimensis (Michaelsen, 1907) Plutellus sikkimensis Michaelsen, 1907: 147. Argilophilus sikkimensis (Michaelsen). Blakemore 2007: 29. T. Sandakphu, district Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. D. West Bengal., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 284, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1907) Neue Oligochaeten von Vorder-Indien, Ceylon, Birma, und den Andaman-Inseln. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, Hamburg, 24 (2), 143 - 188.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007) Checklist of 505 earthworms species from India, Sri Lanka and the adjacent regions (excluding Myanmar) compiled from various sources [e. g. Stephenson (1923), Gates (1972), Julka (1988) etc.]. In: Blakemore, R. J. (Ed.), A series of searchable texts on earthworm biodiversity, ecology and systematic from various regions of the world. 3 rd Edition. Available from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm (accessed 1 March 2020)"]}

Published
2020
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41. Lennogaster yeicus

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Lennogaster, Annelida, Octochaetidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Haplotaxida, Taxonomy, Lennogaster yeicus
Abstract

62. Lennogaster yeicus (Stephenson, 1931) Eudichogaster yeicus Stephenson, 1931b: 193. Lennogaster yeicus (Stephenson). Julka 1988a: 257 (for further synonymy). T. Chaungson, district Amherst, Myanmar. D. Tripura: Unspecified localities (Chaudhuri et al. 2009, 2012; Jamatia & Chaudhuri 2017)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Stephenson, J. (1931 b) Descriptions of Indian Oligochaeta. II. Records of the Indian Museum, 33, 173 - 202.","Julka, J. M. (1988 a) The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Megadrile Oligochaeta (Earthworms). Haplotaxida: Lumbricina: Megascolecoidea: Octochaetidae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 400 pp.","Chaudhuri, P. S., Nath, S., Bhattacharjee, S. & Paliwal, R. (2009) Biomass, density and diversity of earthworms under rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations in Tripura, India. The Bioscan, 4 (3), 475 - 479.","Chaudhuri, P. S., Dey, A., Bhattacharjee, G. & Nath, S. (2012) Earthworm diversity in Tripura - present status. Science & Culture, 78 (7 - 8), 343 - 346.","Jamatia, S. K. S. & Chaudhuri, P. S. (2017) Earthworm community structure under tea plantations (Camellia sinensis) of Tripura (India). Tropical Ecology, 58, 105 - 113."]}

Published
2020
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42. Metaphire peguana

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Metaphire peguana, Annelida, Megascolecidae, Metaphire, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Haplotaxida, Taxonomy
Abstract

82. Metaphire peguana (Rosa, 1890) Perichaeta peguana Rosa, 1890b: 113. Metaphire peguana (Rosa). Blakemore 2010: 462 (for complete synonymy). T. Rangoon, Myanmar. D. Tripura: Unspecified localities (Chaudhuri & Bhattacharjee 2005; Chaudhuri et al. 2012)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Rosa, D. (1890 b) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmanica e regioni vicini, XXVI. Perichaetidi. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 10, 107 - 122.","Blakemore, R. J. (2010) Cosmopolitan Earthworms-an Eco-Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 4 th Edition. VermEcology So (i) lutions, Yokohama, 850 pp., 350 figs., Internet links. [December 2010]","Chaudhuri, P. S., Dey, A., Bhattacharjee, G. & Nath, S. (2012) Earthworm diversity in Tripura - present status. Science & Culture, 78 (7 - 8), 343 - 346."]}

Published
2020
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43. Dendrobaena hortensis

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Dendrobaena hortensis, Dendrobaena, Annelida, Crassiclitellata, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Lumbricidae, Taxonomy
Abstract

22. Dendrobaena hortensis (Michaelsen, 1890) Allolobophora subrubicunda var. hortensis Michaelsen 1890a: 15. Dendrobaena hortensis (Michaelsen). Blakemore 2010: 627 (for further synonyms). T. Hamburg, Germany. D. West Bengal: Dow Hill Kurseong (Julka 1975)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Michaelsen W. (1890 a) Die Lumbriciden Norddeutschlands. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 7, 1 - 19.","Blakemore, R. J. (2010) Cosmopolitan Earthworms-an Eco-Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 4 th Edition. VermEcology So (i) lutions, Yokohama, 850 pp., 350 figs., Internet links. [December 2010]"]}

Published
2020
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44. Dichogaster modiglianii

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Megascolecidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Opisthopora, Dichogaster modiglianii, Dichogaster, Taxonomy
Abstract

45. Dichogaster modiglianii (Rosa, 1896) Benhamia modiglianii Rosa, 1896: 510. For synonyms see Csuzdi (2010: 84). T. Pedang, Sumatra, Indonesia. D. Meghalaya: Tura (Julka 1988a), Ward Lake Shillong (Halder 1999b). Sikkim: Namchi (Halder 2003), Sombaria (Halder 2003). Tripura: Unspecified localities (Chaudhuri & Bhattacharjee 1999, 2005; Chaudhuri et al. 2012). West Bengal: Siliguri (Halder 1999a)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Rosa, D. (1896) Ilombrichi raccolti a Sumatra dal Dott. E. Modigliani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2, 16, 502 - 532.","Csuzdi, Cs. (2010) A monograph of the paleotropical Benhamiinae earthworms (Annelida: Oliochaeta, Acanthodrilidae). Pedozoologica Hungarica, No. 6, 1 - 215.","Julka, J. M. (1988 a) The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Megadrile Oligochaeta (Earthworms). Haplotaxida: Lumbricina: Megascolecoidea: Octochaetidae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 400 pp.","Halder, K. R. (1999 b) Oligochaeta: Earthworm. In: State Fauna. Series 4. Fauna of Meghalaya. Part 9. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 393 - 439.","Halder, K. R. (2003) Oligochaeta: Earthworm. In: State Fauna. Series 9. Fauna of Sikkim. Part 5. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 91 - 116.","Chaudhuri, P. S. & Bhattacharjee, G. (1999) Earthworm resources of Tripura. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, 69 (B), 159 - 170.","Chaudhuri, P. S., Dey, A., Bhattacharjee, G. & Nath, S. (2012) Earthworm diversity in Tripura - present status. Science & Culture, 78 (7 - 8), 343 - 346.","Halder, K. R. (1999 a) Annelida: Oligochaeta: Earthworms. In: State Fauna. Series 3. Fauna of West Bengal. Part 10. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 17 - 93."]}

Published
2020
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45. Perionyx pincernus Stephenson 1916

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Perionyx pincernus, Annelida, Megascolecidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Opisthopora, Perionyx, Taxonomy
Abstract

108. Perionyx pincernus Stephenson, 1916 Perionyx pincerna Stephenson, 1916: 319. Perionyx pincernus Stephenson. Blakemore 2007: 47. T. Near Ghoom, district Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. D. West Bengal., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Stephenson, J. (1916) On a collection of Oligochaeta belonging to the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 12, 299 - 354.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007) Checklist of 505 earthworms species from India, Sri Lanka and the adjacent regions (excluding Myanmar) compiled from various sources [e. g. Stephenson (1923), Gates (1972), Julka (1988) etc.]. In: Blakemore, R. J. (Ed.), A series of searchable texts on earthworm biodiversity, ecology and systematic from various regions of the world. 3 rd Edition. Available from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm (accessed 1 March 2020)"]}

Published
2020
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46. Tonoscolex kabakensis Julka 1981

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Megascolecidae, Tonoscolex kabakensis, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Haplotaxida, Taxonomy, Tonoscolex
Abstract

124. Tonoscolex kabakensis Julka, 1981 Tonoscolex kabakensis Julka, 1981: 30. T. Kabak, district Subansiri, Arunachal Pradesh, India. D. Arunachal Pradesh., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Julka, J. M. (1981) Taxonomic studies on the earthworms collected during the Subansiri Expedition in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper, No. 26, 1 - 53."]}

Published
2020
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47. Kanchuria octotheca Julka 1988

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Annelida, Megascolecidae, Kanchuria, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Opisthopora, Kanchuria octotheca, Taxonomy
Abstract

74. Kanchuria octotheca Julka, 1988 Kanchuria octotheca Julka, 1988b: 88. T. Tura, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. D. Meghalaya: Phud-Umlieh (Kharkongor 2018), Nongstoi��-Siejlieh (Kharkongor 2018), Pamphyrnai (Kharkongor 2018), Winnia Falls (Kharkongor 2018), Nongstoi�� (Kharkongor 2018), Mawlongphlang (Kharkongor 2018), on way to Langja village (Kharkongor 2018), Nondei�� (Kharkongor 2018)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Julka, J. M. (1988 b) On a new genus and three new species of earthworms (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from northeast India. Research Bulletin (Science) Panjab University, 39, 85 - 92.","Kharkongor, I. J. (2018) Taxonomic and ecological studies on the earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 118, 56 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 118 / i 1 / 2018 / 123034"]}

Published
2020
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48. Tonoscolex indicus Julka 1981

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Tonoscolex indicus, Annelida, Megascolecidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Haplotaxida, Taxonomy, Tonoscolex
Abstract

123. Tonoscolex indicus Julka, 1981 Tonoscolex indicus Julka, 1981: 29. T. Siki, district Subansiri, Arunachal Pradesh, India. D. Arunachal Pradesh: Taliha (Julka 1981), Seiom (Julka 1981), Ayumuring (Julka 1981), Doginalo (Julka 1981), Lemeking (Julka 1981)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 295, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Julka, J. M. (1981) Taxonomic studies on the earthworms collected during the Subansiri Expedition in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication, Occasional Paper, No. 26, 1 - 53."]}

Published
2020
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49. Eutyphoeus orientalis

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Eutyphoeus orientalis, Annelida, Octochaetidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Haplotaxida, Eutyphoeus, Taxonomy
Abstract

58. Eutyphoeus orientalis (Beddard, 1883) Typhoeus orientalis Beddard, 1883: 219. Eutyphoeus orientalis (Beddard). Julka 1988a: 161 (for further synonyms). T. Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India. D. Tripura: Ramnagar (Halder 2000), Jamaibari (Halder 2000), unspecified localities (Jamatia & Chaudhuri 2017)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 287, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Beddard, F. E. (1883) Note on some earthworms from India. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 12 (70), 213 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938309459619","Julka, J. M. (1988 a) The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Megadrile Oligochaeta (Earthworms). Haplotaxida: Lumbricina: Megascolecoidea: Octochaetidae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 400 pp.","Halder, K. R. (2000) Oligochaeta: Earthworm. In: State Fauna. Series 7. Fauna of Tripura. Part 4. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 239 - 236.","Jamatia, S. K. S. & Chaudhuri, P. S. (2017) Earthworm community structure under tea plantations (Camellia sinensis) of Tripura (India). Tropical Ecology, 58, 105 - 113."]}

Published
2020
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50. Dichogaster annae

Author

Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar, and Yadav, Shweta

Subjects
Dichogaster annae, Annelida, Megascolecidae, Animalia, Clitellata, Biodiversity, Opisthopora, Dichogaster, Taxonomy
Abstract

43. Dichogaster annae (Horst, 1893) Benhamia annae Horst, 1893: 32. Benhamia travancorensis Fedarb, 1898: 433. Dichogaster curgensis Michaelsen, 1922: 54. Dichogaster curgensis var. unilocularis Stephenson, 1931a: 69. Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) annae (Horst). Csuzdi 1995: 112. For further synonyms see Blakemore (2010: 227). T: Cameroon (and Java). D. Sikkim: Khamdong (Subedi et al. 2018c), Lower Barbing (Subedi et al. 2018c), Tarku (Subedi et al. 2018c), Temi Tarku (Subedi et al. 2018c)., Published as part of Tiwari, Nalini, Paliwal, R., Rashid, Azhar & Yadav, Shweta, 2020, Checklist of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) of the North Eastern Region of India, pp. 277-305 in Zootaxa 4772 (2) on page 285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3974785, {"references":["Horst, H. (1893) Earthworms from the Malay Archipelago. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch-Ost-Indien, 3, 28 - 77.","Fedarb, S. M. (1898) On some earthworms from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11 (3), 431 - 437.","Michaelsen, W. (1922) Oligochaten vom westlichen Vorderindien und ihre Beziehungen zur Oligochatenfauna von Madagaskar und den Seychellen. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Museum in Hamburg, 38, 27 - 68.","Stephenson, J. (1931 a) Oligochaeta from Burma, Kenya and other parts of the world. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1931, 33 - 92.","Csuzdi, Cs. (1995) A catalogue of Benhamiinae species (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 97 B, 99 - 123.","Blakemore, R. J. (2010) Cosmopolitan Earthworms-an Eco-Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 4 th Edition. VermEcology So (i) lutions, Yokohama, 850 pp., 350 figs., Internet links. [December 2010]","Subedi, H. P., Saxena, R. M. & Reynolds, J. W. (2018 c) New earthworm (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) records of Dichogaster curgensis and Octochaetona beatrix from Sikkim. Megadrilogica, 23, 131 - 137."]}

Published
2020
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