Author: "Quyen Le Nguyen" / Publication Year Range: Last 50 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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11 results on '"Quyen Le Nguyen"'

1. Expanding co-payment for methadone maintenance services in Vietnam: the importance of addressing health and socioeconomic inequalities

Author: Bach Xuan Tran, Quyen Le Nguyen, Long Hoang Nguyen, Huong Thu Thi Phan, Huong Thi Le, Tho Dinh Tran, Thuc Thi Minh Vu, and Carl A. Latkin
Subjects: Methadone maintenance, Willingness to pay, Contingent valuations, Integrative models, Vietnam, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Ensuring high enrollment while mobilizing resources through co-payment services is critical to the success of the methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program in Vietnam. This study assessed the willingness of patients to pay (WTP) for different MMT services delivery models and determined its associated factors. Methods A facility based survey was conducted among 1016 MMT patients (98.7% male, 42% aged 35 or less, and 67% living with spouse) in five MMT clinics in Hanoi and Nam Dinh province in 2013. Socioeconomic, HIV and health status, history of drug use and rehabilitation, and MMT experience were interviewed. WTP was assessed using contingent valuation method, including a set of double-bounded binary questions and a follow-up open-ended question. Point and interval data models were used to estimate maximum willingness to pay. Results 95.5% patients were willing to pay for MMT at the monthly mean price of US$ 32 (95%CI = 28–35). Higher WTP was associated with higher level of educational attainment, higher income, male sex, and had high expenses on opiates prior to MMT. Patients who reported having any problem in Pain/ Discomfort, and who did not have outpatient care last year were willing to pay less for MMT than others. Conclusion High level of WTP supports the co-payment policies as a strategy to mobilize resources for the MMT program in Vietnam. However, it is necessary to ensure equalities across patient groups by acknowledging socioeconomic status of different settings and providing financial supports for disadvantaged patients with severe health status.
Published: 2017
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2. Digital Subtraction Angiography-Guided Foam Sclerotherapy with Polidocanol for Treating Superficial Venous Malformation

Author: Tuan Tran Anh, Quyen Le Nguyen, Quynh Mai Thi, and Thong Pham Minh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Magnetic resonance imaging, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Digital subtraction angiography, medicine.disease, digital subtraction angiography, Lesion, Polidocanol, medicine, Sclerotherapy, sclerotherapy, Original Article, Radiology, medicine.symptom, Venous malformation, business, Prospective cohort study, venous malformation, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective: This study aims to describe the angiographic imaging characteristics of superficial venous malformations and evaluate the treatment effectiveness of digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided foam sclerotherapy with polidocanol. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 18 patients with venous malformation treated by DSA-guided sclerotherapy. Treatment outcomes were evaluated based on pain improvement and reduction in lesion size on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6-months posttreatment. Results: A total 21 lesions and 46 sclerotherapy sessions were analyzed. MRI findings presented 8/21 lesions (38.1%) with excellent response, 9/21 (42.9%) with good response, and 3/21 (14.3%) with average response, while one patient (4.8%) showed no response. All patients experienced pain. A significant reduction (p
Published: 2020

3. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Soriano, Joan B., Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alkaabi, Juma M., Al-Maskari, Fatma, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Anto, Josep M., Asayesh, Hamid, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Barac, Aleksandra, Basu, Sanjay, Bedi, Neeraj, Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biryukov, Stan, Boneya, Dube Jara, Brauer, Michael, Carpenter, David O., Casey, Daniel, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Huyen Phuc Do, Huyen Phuc Do, Fischer, Florian, Geleto, Ayele, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Gupta, Vipin, Hay, Simon I., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (Michael) B., James, Spencer Lewis, Jonas, Jost B., Kasaeian, Amir, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Knibbs, Luke D., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Kumar, G. Anil, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Liang, Xiaofeng, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Majeed, Azeem, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manhertz, Treh, Marquez, Neal, Mehari, Alem, Mensah, George A., Miller, Ted R., Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Nguyen, Grant, Quyen Le Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Vuong Minh Nong, Vuong Minh Nong, Obi, Jennifer Ifeoma, Odeyemi, Yewande E., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oren, Eyal, Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Patton, George C., Paulson, Katherine, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quansah, Reginald, Rafay, Anwar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rawaf, Salman, Reinig, Nik, Safiri, Saeid, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Shigematsu, Mika, Smith, Mari, Tadese, Fentaw, Thurston, George D., Topor-Madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, van Boven, Job F. M., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wan, Xia, Werdecker, Andrea, Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Yano, Yuichiro, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Murray, Christopher J. L., and Vos, Theo
Subjects: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Incidence, Bayes Theorem, Articles, Middle Aged, Global Health, Asthma, Article, Global Burden of Disease, respiratory tract diseases, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Prevalence, Humans, Regression Analysis, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Aged
Abstract: Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are common diseases with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Here, we present methods and disease and risk estimates for COPD and asthma from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) 2015 study. The GBD study provides annual updates on estimates of deaths, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a summary measure of fatal and non-fatal disease outcomes, for over 300 diseases and injuries, for 188 countries from 1990 to the most recent year. Methods We estimated numbers of deaths due to COPD and asthma using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) tool. First, we analysed data from vital registration and verbal autopsy for the aggregate category of all chronic respiratory diseases. Subsequently, models were run for asthma and COPD relying on covariates to predict rates in countries that have incomplete or no vital registration data. Disease estimates for COPD and asthma were based on systematic reviews of published papers, unpublished reports, surveys, and health service encounter data from the USA. We used the Global Initiative of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease spirometry-based definition as the reference for COPD and a reported diagnosis of asthma with current wheeze as the definition of asthma. We used a Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to derive estimates of prevalence and incidence. We estimated population-attributable fractions for risk factors for COPD and asthma from exposure data, relative risks, and a theoretical minimum exposure level. Results were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure of income per capita, mean years of education over the age of 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings In 2015, 3.2 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.1 million to 3.3 million) died from COPD worldwide, an increase of 11.6% (95% UI 5.3 to 19.8) compared with 1990. There was a decrease in age-standardised death rate of 41.9% (37.7 to 45.1) but this was counteracted by population growth and ageing of the global population. From 1990 to 2015, the prevalence of COPD increased by 44.2% (41.7 to 46.6), whereas age-standardised prevalence decreased by 14.7% (13.5 to 15.9). In 2015, 0.40 million people (0.36 million to 0.44 million) died from asthma, a decrease of 26.7% (-7.2 to 43.7) from 1990, and the age-standardised death rate decreased by 58.8% (39.0 to 69.0). The prevalence of asthma increased by 12.6% (9.0 to 16.4), whereas the age-standardised prevalence decreased by 17.7% (15.1 to 19.9). Age-standardised DALY rates due to COPD increased until the middle range of the SDI before reducing sharply. Age-standardised DALY rates due to asthma in both sexes decreased monotonically with rising SDI. The relation between with SDI and DALY rates due to asthma was attributed to variation in years of life lost (YLLs), whereas DALY rates due to COPD varied similarly for YLLs and years lived with disability across the SDI continuum. Smoking and ambient particulate matter were the main risk factors for COPD followed by household air pollution, occupational particulates, ozone, and secondhand smoke. Together, these risks explained 73.3% (95% UI 65.8 to 80.1) of DALYs due to COPD. Smoking and occupational asthmagens were the only risks quantified for asthma in GBD, accounting for 16.5% (14.6 to 18.7) of DALYs due to asthma. Interpretation Asthma was the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide in 2015, with twice the number of cases of COPD. Deaths from COPD were eight times more common than deaths from asthma. In 2015, COPD caused 2.6% of global DALYs and asthma 1.1% of global DALYs. Although there are laudable international collaborative efforts to make surveys of asthma and COPD more comparable, no consensus exists on case definitions and how to measure disease severity for population health measurements like GBD. Comparisons between countries and over time are important, as much of the chronic respiratory burden is either preventable or treatable with affordable interventions. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Published: 2017

4. A case of traumatic anterior cerebral artery-cavernous sinus fistula

Author: Tuan, Tran Anh, primary, Van Tuan, Nguyen, additional, Quyen, Le Nguyen, additional, and Thien, Nguyen Tat, additional
Published: 2021
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5. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Gakidou, Emmanuela, Afshin, Ashkan, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansari, Hossein, Anto, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arian, Nicholas, Arnlov, Johan, Artaman, A., Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Ballew, Shoshana H., Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Batis, Carolina, Battle, Katherine E., Baune, Bernhard T., Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S., Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Baumgarner, Blair R., Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Charlson, Fiona J., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Comfort, Haley, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Criqui, Michael H., Crump, John A., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Ding, Eric L., Djalalinia, Shirin, Huyen Phuc Do, Huyen Phuc Do, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Sarah, Ebert, Natalie, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, E Sa Farinha, Carla Sofia, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Kairsten, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrari, Alize J., Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D., Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M., Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Ghajar, Alireza, Gibney, Katherine B., Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Jingwen, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Hendrie, Delia, Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Hoek, Hans W., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jackson, Maria Delores, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (Michael) B., Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johansson, Lars R. K., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Jurisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Jun Y., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Anders, Lee, Alexander, Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Abd el Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd el Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, Chabila C., Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B. M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohan, Murali B. V., Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Grant Nguyen, Grant Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Vuong Minh Nong, Vuong Minh Nong, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Pa, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jurgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S., Milicevic, Milena M. Santric, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Silva, Joao Pedro, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H. A., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sur, Patrick J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tandon, Nikhil, Tanner, Marcel, Tarekegn, Yihunie L., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesssema, Belay, Thakur, J. S., Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew M., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thrift, Amanda G., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Tollanes, Mette C., Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Boven, Job F. M., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, Lennert J., Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zimsen, Stephanie Raman M., Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., Murray, Christopher J. 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Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Pa, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafi, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolore, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S., Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schneider, Ione J.C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alve, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H.A., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Steel, Nichola, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sur, Patrick J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E.I., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tandon, Nikhil, Tanner, Marcel, Tarekegn, Yihunie L., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesssema, Belay, Thakur, J.S., Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew M., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thrift, Amanda G., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Tollanes, Mette C., Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thoma, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A., Van Boven, Job F.M., Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, Lennert J., Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D.A., Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xavier, Deni, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zavala-Arciniega, Lui, Zhang, Xueying, Zimsen, Stephanie Raman M., Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., and Murray, Christopher J.L.
Subjects: Líkamsþyngdarstuðull, Dánarmein, Heilsufar, Dánartíðni, Birthweight, Fæðingarþyngd, Börn, HEALTH-RISKS, Pregnancy, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Psychology, Meðganga, Children, Konur, Body mass index, PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE, Public health, Global burden of disease/statistics and numerical data, Medicine (all), Smoking, COST, Men, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Health policy, Háþrýstingur, Sálfræði, World health, Hypertension, Lýðheilsa, Reykingar, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, COUNTRIES, Quality of life, DEATHS, Lífsgæði, Health risk assessment, Medicine, General & Internal, Heilbrigðisvísindi, General & Internal Medicine, Heilbrigðisstefna, Women, Mortality, Áhættugreining, CHINESE POPULATION, OBESITY PREVENTION, Science & Technology, HYPERTENSION, MORTALITY, Malnutrition, Næringarskortur, Karlar, Cause of death/trends, RA
Abstract: Correction in: LANCET Volume: 390 Issue: 10104 Pages: 1736-1736 Published: OCT 14 2017 ; LANCET Volume: 390 Issue: 10106 Pages: E38-E38 Published: OCT 28 2017., Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. Findings Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men were smoking (124.1 million DALYs [95% UI 111.2 million to 137.0 million]), high systolic blood pressure (122.2 million DALYs [110.3 million to 133.3 million], and low birthweight and short gestation (83.0 million DALYs [78.3 million to 87.7 million]), and for women, were high systolic blood pressure (89.9 million DALYs [80.9 million to 98.2 million]), high body-mass index (64.8 million DALYs [44.4 million to 87.6 million]), and high fasting plasma glucose (63.8 million DALYs [53.2 million to 76.3 million]). In 2016 in 113 countries, the leading risk factor in terms of attributable DALYs was a metabolic risk factor. Smoking remained among the leading five risk factors for DALYs for 109 countries, while low birthweight and short gestation was the leading risk factor for DALYs in 38 countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In terms of important drivers of change in trends of burden attributable to risk factors, between 2006 and 2016 exposure to risks explains an 9.3% (6.9-11.6) decline in deaths and a 10.8% (8.3-13.1) decrease in DALYs at the global level, while population ageing accounts for 14.9% (12.7-17.5) of deaths and 6.2% (3.9-8.7) of DALYs, and population growth for 12.4% (10.1-14.9) of deaths and 12.4% (10.1-14.9) of DALYs. The largest contribution of trends in risk exposure to disease burden is seen between ages 1 year and 4 years, where a decline of 27.3% (24.9-29.7) of the change in DALYs between 2006 and 2016 can be attributed to declines in exposure to risks. Interpretation Increasingly detailed understanding of the trends in risk exposure and the RRs for each risk-outcome pair provide insights into both the magnitude of health loss attributable to risks and how modification of risk exposure has contributed to health trends. Metabolic risks warrant particular policy attention, due to their large contribution to global disease burden, increasing trends, and variable patterns across countries at the same level of development. GBD 2016 findings show that, while it has huge potential to improve health, risk modification has played a relatively small part in the past decade., The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Published: 2017

6. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries

Author: University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Lim, Stephen S., Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Hay, Simon I., Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R., Mokdad, Ali H., Mooney, Meghan D., Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E., Pigott, David M., Salomon, Joshua A., Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Dge, Robert William Aldr., Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad A. B., Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Anderson, Gregory M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A., Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecilio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J., Cooke, Graham S., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C., Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E. Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Deshpande, Aniruddha, deVeber, Gabrielle A., Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felicio, Manuela Mendonca, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrari, Alize J., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Graetz, Nicholas, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, KarimIchani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lucas, Robyn M., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mandavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C., Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Massano, Joao, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan de la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murdoch, Michele E., Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S., Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R., Newton, John N., Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H., Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, Joao Mario, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C., Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Mina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M., Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Soreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Soriano, Joan B., Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. S., Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcelo, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Murray, Christopher J. L., GBD 2015 SDG Collaborators, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Lim, Stephen S., Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Hay, Simon I., Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R., Mokdad, Ali H., Mooney, Meghan D., Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E., Pigott, David M., Salomon, Joshua A., Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Dge, Robert William Aldr., Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad A. B., Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Anderson, Gregory M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A., Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecilio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J., Cooke, Graham S., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C., Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E. Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Deshpande, Aniruddha, deVeber, Gabrielle A., Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felicio, Manuela Mendonca, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrari, Alize J., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Graetz, Nicholas, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, KarimIchani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lucas, Robyn M., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mandavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C., Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Massano, Joao, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan de la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murdoch, Michele E., Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S., Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R., Newton, John N., Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H., Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, Joao Mario, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C., Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Mina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M., Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Soreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Soriano, Joan B., Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. S., Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcelo, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Murray, Christopher J. L., and GBD 2015 SDG Collaborators
Abstract: Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59.3 (95% uncertainty interval 56.8-61.8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85.5 (84.2-86.5) in Iceland to 20.4 (15.4-24.9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r(2) = 0.88) and the MDG index (r(2) = 0.2), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r(2) = 0.79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0-10.4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10.0 [6.7-13.1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5.5 [2.1-8.9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the ind
Published: 2016

7. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015

Author: University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Afshin, Ashkan, Alexander, Lily T., Anderson, H. Ross, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Estep, Kara, Ferrari, Alize J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Godwin, William W., Griswold, Max, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Patrick Y., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Naghavi, Mohsen, Neal, Bruce, Reitsma, Marissa B., Roth, Gregory A., Salomon, Joshua A., Sur, Patrick J., Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Amanuel, Abajobir, Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C., Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvarez Martin, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwar, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Baernighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Bans, Carolina, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Brunekreef, Bert, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Estanislao Castro, Ruben, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damasceno, Albertino, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C., Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Tome, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Aquino Faraon, Emerito Jose, Farid, Talha A., Sofia E Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franklin, Richard C., Fuerst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Goenka, Shifalika, Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Mari, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Hassen, Tahir Ahmed, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, Norberto, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Husseini, Abdullatif, Hutchings, Sally J., Huybrechts, Inge, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Jassal, Simerjot K., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Kromhout, Hans, Krueger, Hans, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Latif, Asma Abdul, Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Lloyd, Belinda K., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Maclntyre, Michael, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Medina, Catalina, Mehari, Alem, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Nassiri, Nariman, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Orozco, Ricardo, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja, Razo Garcia, Christian Aspacia, Refaat, Amany H., Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jurgen, Reinig, Nikolas, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rodriguez, Anna, Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sandar, Logan, Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schoettker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Prashant Kumar, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Belaynew Wasie, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thakur, J. S., Thomas, Bernadette A., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Bach Xuan Tran, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, JianLi, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Yanping, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhu, Jun, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J. L., GBD 2015 Risk Factors, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Afshin, Ashkan, Alexander, Lily T., Anderson, H. Ross, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Estep, Kara, Ferrari, Alize J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Godwin, William W., Griswold, Max, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Patrick Y., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Naghavi, Mohsen, Neal, Bruce, Reitsma, Marissa B., Roth, Gregory A., Salomon, Joshua A., Sur, Patrick J., Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Amanuel, Abajobir, Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C., Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvarez Martin, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwar, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Baernighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Bans, Carolina, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Brunekreef, Bert, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Estanislao Castro, Ruben, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damasceno, Albertino, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C., Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Tome, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Aquino Faraon, Emerito Jose, Farid, Talha A., Sofia E Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franklin, Richard C., Fuerst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Goenka, Shifalika, Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Mari, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Hassen, Tahir Ahmed, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, Norberto, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Husseini, Abdullatif, Hutchings, Sally J., Huybrechts, Inge, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Jassal, Simerjot K., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Kromhout, Hans, Krueger, Hans, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Latif, Asma Abdul, Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Lloyd, Belinda K., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Maclntyre, Michael, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Medina, Catalina, Mehari, Alem, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Nassiri, Nariman, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Orozco, Ricardo, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja, Razo Garcia, Christian Aspacia, Refaat, Amany H., Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jurgen, Reinig, Nikolas, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rodriguez, Anna, Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sandar, Logan, Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schoettker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Prashant Kumar, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Belaynew Wasie, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thakur, J. S., Thomas, Bernadette A., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Bach Xuan Tran, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, JianLi, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Yanping, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhu, Jun, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J. L., and GBD 2015 Risk Factors
Abstract: Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accou
Published: 2016

8. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Vos, Theo, Allen, Christine, Arora, Megha, Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brown, Alexandria, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Alan Z., Coggeshall, Megan, Cornaby, Leslie, Dandona, Lalit, Dicker, Daniel J., Dilegge, Tina, Erskine, Holly E., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Graetz, Nicholas, Haagsma, Juanita A., Johnson, Catherine O., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kawashima, Toana, Kemmer, Laura, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Leung, Janni, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Nsoesie, Elaine, Olsen, Helen, Pigott, David M., Pinho, Christine, Rankin, Zane, Reinig, Nikolas, Salomon, Joshua A., Sandar, Logan, Smith, Alison, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Steiner, Caitlyn, Teeple, Stephanie, Thomas, Bernadette A., Troeger, Christopher, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Wanga, Valentine, Whiteford, Harvey A., Zoeckler, Leo, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Ackerman, Ilana N., Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alexander, Lily T., Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Anderson, Benjamin, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Arindam, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhofff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brown, Jonathan, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey Colin, Butt, Zahid A., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cesar Campuzano, Julio, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O., Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C., De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Torne, Cesar, Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elyazar, Iqbal, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Farid, Talha A., Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felson, David T., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, Gerry R., Fox, Jordan, Franklin, Richard C., Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gabbe, Belinda, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Godwin, William W., Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Grainger, Rebecca, Greaves, Felix, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Havmøller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaiff, Abdur Rahman, Khaiff, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Aparna, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O., Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Lavados, Pablo M., Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Warren D., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Mackay, Mark T., Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Massano, Joao, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Meija-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murdoch, Michele E., Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nkamedjie Pete, Patrick Martial, Nona, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nunes, Bruno P., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, de Azeredo Passos, Valeria Maria, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rao, Puja, Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikofff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schottker, Ben, Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya A., Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Upasana, Shen, Jiabin, Shepard, Donald S., Sheth, Kevin N., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Sivonda, Anna, Skirbekk, Vegard, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, Sligar, Amber, Silwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soreide, Kjetil, Soriano, Joan B., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Steinke, Sabine, Stovner, Lars, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takala, Jukka S., Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Te Ao, Braden J., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Gool, Coen H., Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A., Williams, Hywel C., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woodbrook, Rachel, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J. L., Vos, Theo, Allen, Christine, Arora, Megha, Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brown, Alexandria, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Alan Z., Coggeshall, Megan, Cornaby, Leslie, Dandona, Lalit, Dicker, Daniel J., Dilegge, Tina, Erskine, Holly E., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Graetz, Nicholas, Haagsma, Juanita A., Johnson, Catherine O., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kawashima, Toana, Kemmer, Laura, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Leung, Janni, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Nsoesie, Elaine, Olsen, Helen, Pigott, David M., Pinho, Christine, Rankin, Zane, Reinig, Nikolas, Salomon, Joshua A., Sandar, Logan, Smith, Alison, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Steiner, Caitlyn, Teeple, Stephanie, Thomas, Bernadette A., Troeger, Christopher, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Wanga, Valentine, Whiteford, Harvey A., Zoeckler, Leo, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Ackerman, Ilana N., Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alexander, Lily T., Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Anderson, Benjamin, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Arindam, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhofff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brown, Jonathan, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey Colin, Butt, Zahid A., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cesar Campuzano, Julio, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O., Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C., De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Torne, Cesar, Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elyazar, Iqbal, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Farid, Talha A., Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felson, David T., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, Gerry R., Fox, Jordan, Franklin, Richard C., Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gabbe, Belinda, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Godwin, William W., Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Grainger, Rebecca, Greaves, Felix, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Havmøller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaiff, Abdur Rahman, Khaiff, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Aparna, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O., Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Lavados, Pablo M., Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Warren D., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Mackay, Mark T., Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Massano, Joao, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Meija-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murdoch, Michele E., Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nkamedjie Pete, Patrick Martial, Nona, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nunes, Bruno P., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, de Azeredo Passos, Valeria Maria, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rao, Puja, Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikofff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schottker, Ben, Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya A., Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Upasana, Shen, Jiabin, Shepard, Donald S., Sheth, Kevin N., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Sivonda, Anna, Skirbekk, Vegard, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, Sligar, Amber, Silwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soreide, Kjetil, Soriano, Joan B., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Steinke, Sabine, Stovner, Lars, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takala, Jukka S., Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Te Ao, Braden J., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Gool, Coen H., Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A., Williams, Hywel C., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woodbrook, Rachel, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J. L.
Published: 2016

9. Associations between alcohol use disorders and adherence to antiretroviral treatment and quality of life amongst people living with HIV/AIDS

Author: Cuong Duy Do, Long Thanh Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Rachel Marie Maher, and Bach Xuan Tran
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Cross-sectional study, Psychological intervention, Binge drinking, HIV Infections, Communicable Diseases, Binge Drinking, Medication Adherence, Drug Users, Alcohol use disorders, Quality of life (healthcare), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), mental disorders, Prevalence, medicine, WHOQOL-HIV, Humans, Epidemics, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Psychiatry, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Ethanol, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Antiretroviral treatment, Cross-Sectional Studies, Vietnam, Adherence, Health, Propensity score matching, Quality of Life, HIV/AIDS, Female, Self Report, business, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Research Article
Abstract: Background We examined the association of alcohol use disorders (AUD) with adherence to and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV/AIDS patients. Methods A cross-sectional multi-site survey was conducted in 468 drug users and 648 non-drug users (age: 35.4 ± 7.0 years; 63.8% male) in 3 epicentres of Vietnam. AUD, ART adherence, and HRQOL were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C), the self-reported Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-HIV BREF). Results 35.0% of drug users were hazardous drinkers, compared to 25.9% of non-drug users. 22.3% of drug users engaged in binge drinking, and 25.9% reported suboptimal ART adherence. Adjusting for propensity scores of AUD, patients who had either at-risk or binge drinking behaviour were about twice as likely to be treatment non-adherent as those who did not have AUD. Hazardous drinkers reported small to medium decrements in the Performance, Physical, Social, Spirituality, and Environment quality of life domains. Binge drinkers had a slightly higher score in Social dimension. Conclusion AUD is prevalent and negatively affecting adherence to and HRQOL outcomes of ART services in injection-driven HIV epidemics. Screening and intervention are recommended for AUD, especially during the stable periods of ART. Other social and psychological interventions might also enhance patients’ responses to and outcomes of ART in Vietnam.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Associations between alcohol use disorders and adherence to antiretroviral treatment and quality of life amongst people living with HIV/AIDS.

Author: Bach Xuan Tran, Long Thanh Nguyen, Cuong Duy Do, Quyen Le Nguyen, and Maher, Rachel Marie
Subjects: ALCOHOLISM, ANTIRETROVIRAL agents, QUALITY of life, HIV-positive persons, TREATMENT effectiveness, DRUG abusers
Abstract: Background We examined the association of alcohol use disorders (AUD) with adherence to and healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV/AIDS patients. Methods A cross-sectional multi-site survey was conducted in 468 drug users and 648 non-drug users (age: 35.4 ± 7.0 years; 63.8% male) in 3 epicentres of Vietnam. AUD, ART adherence, and HRQOL were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C), the self-reported Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-HIV BREF). Results 35.0% of drug users were hazardous drinkers, compared to 25.9% of non-drug users. 22.3% of drug users engaged in binge drinking, and 25.9% reported suboptimal ART adherence. Adjusting for propensity scores of AUD, patients who had either at-risk or binge drinking behaviour were about twice as likely to be treatment non-adherent as those who did not have AUD. Hazardous drinkers reported small to medium decrements in the Performance, Physical, Social, Spirituality, and Environment quality of life domains. Binge drinkers had a slightly higher score in Social dimension. Conclusion AUD is prevalent and negatively affecting adherence to and HRQOL outcomes of ART services in injection-driven HIV epidemics. Screening and intervention are recommended for AUD, especially during the stable periods of ART. Other social and psychological interventions might also enhance patients' responses to and outcomes of ART in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Lim, Stephen S, Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Hay, Simon I, Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J, Larson, Heidi J, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R, Mokdad, Ali H, Mooney, Meghan D, Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E, Pigott, David M, Salomon, Joshua A, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad AB, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Benjamin O, Anderson, Gregory M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A, Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert RA, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas JK, Broday, David M, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecilio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C, Crump, John A, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C, Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C Des, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A, Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Mendonca Felicio, Manuela, 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Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murdoch, Michele E, Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Mahesh, PA, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patil, Snehal T, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, Joao Mario, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz HS, Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C, Refaat, Amany H, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Santos, Joao Vasco, Santomauro, Damian F, Santos, Itamar S, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione JC, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N, Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Soreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed JD, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeff rey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, 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Veerman, J Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles DA, Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Murray, Christopher JL, Collaborators, GBD 2015 SDG, Stephen S., Lim, Kate, Allen, Zulfi 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A., Wolfe, Ingrid, Wolfe, Sungho, Won, Anthony D., Woolf, Shimelash Bitew, Workie, Mamo, Wubshet, Gelin, Xu, Ajit Kumar, Yadav, Bereket, Yakob, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yalew, Lijing L., Yan, Yuichiro, Yano, Mehdi, Yaseri, Pengpeng, Ye, Paul, Yip, Naohiro, Yonemoto, Seok Jun, Yoon, Mustafa Z., Youni, Chuanhua, Yu, Zoubida, Zaidi, Maysaa El Sayed, Zaki, Carlos Zambrana, Torrelio, Tomas, Zapata, Elias Asfaw, Zegeye, Yi, Zhao, Maigeng, Zhou, Sanjay, Zodpey, David, Zonie, Christopher J. 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Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyru, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C, Crump, John A, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Neves, José da, Davis, Adrian C, Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Felicio, Manuela Mendonca, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R A, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C, Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Fürst, Thoma, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nichola, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A F M, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Han, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, Jame, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimunda, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massano, João, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B M, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mesfin, Yonatan Moge, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murdoch, Michele E, Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Sriniva, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Pa, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Teja, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patil, Snehal T, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, João Mário, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H S, Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C, Refaat, Amany H, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Blancas, Maria Jesus Rio, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Santomauro, Damian F, Santos, Itamar S, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schneider, Ione J C, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N, Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Nari, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nichola, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stöckl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J.S., Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Veerman, J Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlo, Zapata, Toma, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, and Murray, Christopher J L
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, spline regressions, Health Status, Global Health, Goal, Health Statu, Cost of Illness, Risk Factors, Universal Health Insurance, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, health-related SDG performance indicators, socio-demographic index, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Conservation of Natural Resource, Disabled Persons, Health Status Indicator, Medicine(all), Insurance, Health, Risk Factor, Medicine (all), Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Articles, Cost of Illne, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Disabled Person, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Universal Coverage, Goals, Human
Abstract: Summary Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59·3 (95% uncertainty interval 56·8–61·8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85·5 (84·2–86·5) in Iceland to 20·4 (15·4–24·9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r2=0·88) and the MDG index (r2=0·92), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r2=0·79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7·9 (IQR 5·0–10·4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10·0 [6·7–13·1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5·5 [2·1–8·9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2016

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11 results on '"Quyen Le Nguyen"'

1. Expanding co-payment for methadone maintenance services in Vietnam: the importance of addressing health and socioeconomic inequalities

2. Digital Subtraction Angiography-Guided Foam Sclerotherapy with Polidocanol for Treating Superficial Venous Malformation

3. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

4. A case of traumatic anterior cerebral artery-cavernous sinus fistula

5. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

6. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries

7. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015

8. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

9. Associations between alcohol use disorders and adherence to antiretroviral treatment and quality of life amongst people living with HIV/AIDS

10. Associations between alcohol use disorders and adherence to antiretroviral treatment and quality of life amongst people living with HIV/AIDS.

11. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

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11 results on '"Quyen Le Nguyen"'

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