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Introduction: Recent simple dental extraction protocols suggest that therapeutic levels of the anticoagulant drug should be maintained because bleeding complications could be managed with local haemostasis manoeuvres. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between bleeding complications and the international normalized ratio (INR) values in patients after dental extractions completed with a plug of bismuth subgallate, without interrupting anticoagulant administration. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing oral Vitamin K antagonist chronic anticoagulant therapy requiring simple dental extractions were included in the study. INRs were recorded on the day of the surgery, and dental extractions were performed applying bismuth subgallate as a haemostatic agent. Patients took their anticoagulation drug normally. Bleeding complications were recorded. Results: The study included 694 patients, of whom 11 (1.58%) presented mediate post-operative bleeding that was effectively controlled through local manoeuvres. No episode of thromboembolism or infectious endocarditis was observed. The incidence of bleeding complications was not related to the INR values (P > 0.05). Discussion: INR values were not related to bleeding complications when simple dental extractions were performed applying bismuth subgallate as a haemostatic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral anticoagulants are widely used worldwide for many systemic diseases. Recent oral surgical protocols suggest that therapeutic levels of the anticoagulant drug should be maintained for simple dental extractions because bleeding complications could be managed with proper local hemostasis. The aim of the present study was to compare bleeding complication of three different local hemostatic agents for dental extractions without interrupting drug administration in patients undergoing oral Vitamin K antagonist chronic anticoagulant therapy. Material and Methods: Randomized control trial of three hemostatic agents for dental extractions, in patients under oral anticoagulant therapy without drug interruption. The present study included 240 patients with international normalized ratio between 1.5 and 3.5. Patients took their anticoagulation drug normally. A single surgeon performed calibrated simple dental extractions and applied a plug of bismuth subgallate (BS), fibrin tissue adhesive (FTA) or microfibrillar collagen (MC), assigned randomly. Statistical analysis of bleeding between the groups was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: There was no hemorrhagic complication in the BS group, and only one in the FTA group. However, in the MC group, 10 patients (12.5%) suffered postoperative bleeding. Data analysis showed statistical differences between the MC group and the other two groups (P < 0.05). Discussion: BS and FTA showed similar clinical effectiveness and were more effective than MC for the control of postoperative bleeding in oral anticoagulated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases. Dissemination of perioral infections is a common problem in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate S. aureus carriage in the oral cavity and its dissemination to different cervicofacial regions. Clinical case 1 is a patient with a systemic history of type I diabetes which led to foot amputation one year previou sly, who presented alteration of ocular motility and the culture showed Grampositive cocci compatible with S. aureus. The patient was discharged after eight days of antibiotic therapy and drainage. Clinical case 2 was a young female without any comorbidities who had never been hospitalized before or even exposed to the hospital environment. The presence of lesions compatible with necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in the lower lip mucosal region, rapid evolution of the infection to deep planes, and evolution of the clinical picture alerted health-care providers to the need for prompt care. Clinical case 3 was an immunosuppressed patient with cellulitis which is a bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissues that occurs when the physical barrier of the skin and soft tissues, the immune system, and/or the circulatory system are affected. S. aureus is an opportunistic pathogen which causes a wide range of diseases. It inhabits the oral cavity, from where it can spread to distant cervicofacial regions. This is why it is important for health-care professionals to be aware of this niche in case of dissemination in order to provide prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sebaceous glands are reported to be normally located in the oral region in the vermilion of the upper lip and on the buccal mucosa. They are small yellowish bodies located immediately beneath the mucosa, and although numerous pathologies of these tissues have been described, very few clinical reports have been made. Pathologies such as ectopic location, hyperplasia, adenomas, carcinomas, and cysts have been described. If an excretory duct suffers a dilatation which does not regress of its own accord, it may originate a cyst. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe a free sebaceous cyst located in the upper lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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