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Recently, considerable research effort has been devoted to studying the impact of monetary policy on inequality. This paper summarizes the literature on the causes of rising inequality and looks at the empirical work on interest rates and inequality. It argues that growing empirical evidence concerning the impact of monetary policy on inequality is mixed and that the conflicting results concerning monetary policy and inequality involve, to a large extent, how one measures inequality. Overall, it seems that loose monetary policy increases incomes of those at the bottom of the distribution but reduces their income relative to those at the top of the distribution. The paper also examines some post-Keynesian monetary policy rules to deal with inequality and finds them wanting in many respects. Going further, the paper argues that monetary policy is too a blunt instrument for reducing inequality and that reducing inequality needs to be the job fiscal policy, which is better suited to dealing with this problem and which has the political authority to deal with distributional problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct cash transfers to households during the COVID-19 pandemic, including relief checks and Child Tax Credit payments, were delayed by weeks for recipients without bank accounts and were not received by many non-filers who lacked the time or resources to complete necessary paperwork. A postal banking system has the potential to expand access to financial infrastructure and enable the rapid distribution of resources to households in need during economic downturns – often the same households that are currently excluded from the financial system. This paper examines the history of the US Postal Savings System and the feasibility of a return to postal banking using evidence on the socioeconomic and spatial patterns of financial exclusion. We find that postal banks would be well positioned to compete with both alternative and conventional financial institutions, address issues with physical branch access, and improve outreach to vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]