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Current-mode multiple-feedback filters, containing the same elements as their Voltage-mode counterparts, are proposed in this paper. Both classes of circuits are analyzed and compared in terms of bandwidth. Experimental results supporting the theoretical analysis are given.

An innovative way of teaching introductory circuit theory to higher education first courses of nonelectrical engineering students arises from our own teaching experience. In these students' learning programme, circuit theory is located at the very early stages (first or second semester, when the student is still not too skilled on maths). Fewer credits are being devoted to it, since it is viewed as an introductory subject, a precursor to subsequent systems theory and electronics. In this paper we wish to encourage teachers to give up the classical approach to circuits and replace it with the proposed Laplace transform approach which, remembering A. Einstein's sentence,' Everything should be made as simple as possible' allows circuit theory to be made much simpler. Perhaps, this attitude could grow into a text book, definitively new and different, intended for teaching the basics of circuits to first courses of non-electrical engineering students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye tracking technology in low resolution scenarios is not a completely solved issue to date. The possibility of using eye tracking in a mobile gadget is a challenging objective that would permit to spread this technology to non-explored fields. In this paper, a knowledge based approach is presented to solve gaze estimation in low resolution settings. The understanding of the high resolution paradigm permits to propose alternative models to solve gaze estimation. In this manner, three models are presented: a geometrical model, an interpolation model and a compound model, as solutions for gaze estimation for remote low resolution systems. Since this work considers head position essential to improve gaze accuracy, a method for head pose estimation is also proposed. The methods are validated in an optimal framework, I2Head database, which combines head and gaze data. The experimental validation of the models demonstrates their sensitivity to image processing inaccuracies, critical in the case of the geometrical model. Static and extreme movement scenarios are analyzed showing the higher robustness of compound and geometrical models in the presence of user's displacement. Accuracy values of about 3° have been obtained, increasing to values close to 5° in extreme displacement settings, results fully comparable with the state-of-the-art.