Search

With Turkey's recent transition from a nation of net emigration to one of net immigration, it becomes important to understand how the country is adapting to an increasing presence of foreigners. The current study contributes to this end with a focus on the knowledge level of ordinary Turkish respondents regarding their immigrant population. Quantitative analysis of the 2013 Transatlantic Trends Survey indicates a high level of immigrant population innumeracy in Turkey, such that the typical citizen overestimates the foreign born population size by up to 20 percentage points on average. This innumeracy is also associated with various attitudes toward immigrants, but in the opposite direction as has been observed in the U.S. and Europe. Misperceptions are more often associated with positive assessments of immigrants, suggesting that while innumeracy exists in Turkey, as of now, it seems to be of little consequence., Introduction The World Bank estimates that after 2007, the nation of Turkey transitioned from experiencing levels of net emigration to net immigration. (1) Turkey thus follows Italy, Spain, Portugal, and [...]

INTRODUCTION By the time this commentary is in print, 2010 census figures will have been released; and the trend of immigrant, especially Latino, settlement in southern U.S. cities and towns [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2010.05.001 Byline: Luca Guerrini Keywords: Ramsey; AK model; Bounded population growth rate Abstract: This paper generalizes the Ramsey AK model by allowing the population growth rate to be variable over time subject only to be between prescribed upper and lower limits. Contrary to the standard AK setting, convergence can occur. Moreover, monotonicity as well as an asymptotic balanced growth path equilibrium may arise in the model. Author Affiliation: University of Bologna, Department of Mathematics for Economic and Social Sciences, Viale Filopanti 5, 40126 Bologna, Italy Article History: Received 9 February 2010; Accepted 4 May 2010

A study on the evolutionary foundations of intertemporal preferences is discussed. Evolution chooses for agents who maximize the discounted sum of expected utility when all the risk affecting survival and reproduction is distinctive. The aggregate uncertainty concerning survival rates leads to discount rates that exceed the sum of population growth rate and death rate.

With so many other social, economic and environmental factors at work establishing linear, causative relationships between anthropogenic climate change and population dynamics it has been difficult to pinpoint the specific human consequences of climate change on respective populations. Qualitative information was examined based on interviewees' testimonies and personal experience, as well as a descriptive analysis of population records, climate-change related impacts, and consequences of uneven development in the Republic of Kiribati and Tuvalu, two low-lying atoll nations in the Pacific region taken as examples to illustrate the issues involved. Strong evidence was found that recent influxes in population movements to urban central islands from rural outer islands experienced in these countries can be attributed to a combination of the adverse impacts of climate change and socioeconomic factors inherit in small island developing states. Moreover, internal migrants cannot be accommodated in their states of origin, putting pressure on local infrastructure and services. This, combined with a recent population boom, has led to a decline in human development indicators and a general livelihood decline. KEY WORDS: Kiribati, Tuvalu, climate change, migration, analysis, migrants

How population aging in the U.S. affects aggregate consumption, saving, and income is examined. The cohort analysis of household-level data suggest that demographics could have contributed to the trend toward smaller response of aggregate consumption to income changes in the last twenty years.

In this paper, I present a solution to the Doomsday argument based on a third type of solution, by contrast to, on the one hand, the Carter-Leslie view and, on the other hand, the Eckhardt et al. analysis. I begin by strengthening both competing models by highlighting some variations of their original models, which renders them less vulnerable to several objections. I then describe a third line of solution, which incorporates insights from both Leslie and Eckhardt's models and fits more adequately with the human situation corresponding to DA. I argue then that this two-sided analogy casts new light on the reference class problem. This leads finally to a novel formulation of the argument that could well be more plausible than the original one.

The article discusses the complex relations between population increase or decrease and economic pressure or relief. The trend of population is bound to impact the economic wellbeing or hardships of any populace.

Fertility is below replacement level in all European countries, and population growth is expected to decline in the coming decades. Increasing life expectancy will accentuate concomitant aging of the population. Migration has been seen as a possible means to decelerate aging. In this article, I introduce a stable, open-population model in which cohort net migration is proportional to births. In this case, the migration-fertility trade-off can be studied with particular ease. I show that although migration can increase the growth rate, which tends to make the age distribution younger, it also has an opposite effect because of its typical age pattern. I capture the effect of the age pattern of net migration in a migration-survivor function. The effect of net migration on growth is quantified with data from 17 European countries. I show that some countries already have a level of migration that will lead to stationarity. For other countries with asymptotically declining population, migration still provides opportunities for slowing down aging of the population as a whole.

In a previous study, Kaestle and Smith [Am J Phys Anthropol 115 (2001) 1-12] supported a recent (A.D. 1000) Numic expansion into the Great Basin region based on a molecular and statistical analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of ancient and modern native inhabitants of the region. Their statistical methodology could not rule out the possibility that observed differences in haplogroup frequencies are instead the result of long-term microevolutionary change within a single population. To distinguish more effectively between a Numic expansion versus population continuity, we employed a novel computer simulation approach that incorporates microevolutionary factors likely to affect human population genetic variation. We test whether the observed differences in haplogroup frequencies between ancient and modern Great Basin groups could have been produced solely via in situ microevolu tionary change. Our results indicate that for reasonable demographic conditions, the observed genetic differences between the observed samples are consistent with population continuity if gene flow among prehistoric Great Basin local groups was less than 1% of local group size per generation. Our analysis also supports a recent population expansion if gene flow between neighboring groups exceeded 8% of local group size per generation. The simulations demonstrate that relatively low gene flow levels and random genetic drift can produce the observed degree of genetic differences between population samples. Although this study focuses on the Numic expansion, this simulation approach can be applied to any geographic region for which genetic data have been collected to address similar questions of population relationships over time. KEY WORDS ancient DNA; mtDNA; Stillwater Marsh; Northern Paiute

A study of the population concentration in Los Angeles between 1940 and 2000 is carried out to test whether Los Angeles metropolitan area is low-density without a pronounced population center. Results show that Los Angeles City was never a low density city, it has a population center and the population of the urban area has grown denser over time.

The article discusses the possible reasons for the perfect harmony that exists in Lebanon between religion, people and politics.

The article examines the Chinese economy and its slow but steady shift from a not-free to a partially-free category. Suggests that if the educational attainments of the Chinese population continue to grow as they are, then by 2025 it can become one of the free nations of the world is presented.

The women were transferred to Qinghai province to adjust the imbalance in population during the Qing dynasty. There is evidence of more women in municipalities in this province as per the 2000 census.

The relationship between population mobility and farming is complex and has been the focus of numerous studies. Despite differing perspectives on the subject, there is an increasing realization that migration sustains farming in many rural communities, but with contradictory effects. Notwithstanding this conclusion, there is a paucity of village level studies that explain the precise ways in which migration in its various forms affects the survival of small farms. This paper reports on the results of a village level study of migration and small farming in the Rio Grande Valley of Jamaica. Apart from highlighting the various ways in which migration affects small farming at the local level, the study confirms the contradictory impact of migration on small farming in this remote agricultural community. It is noted, however, that the net effect is positive and the capital and labour resources, which are made available as a result of migration, play pivotal roles in the survival of small-scale farming as an economic activity in the area. KEY WORDS: Caribbean, Jamaica, population mobility, sustainable development, small farming

The population projections by the US Census bureau show that the fraction of white Americans will fall around to 50% by 2050, which will signal the end of numerical majority white American population, and this will be associated with growth of other multiracial population. This indicates that white population, over time will have to give way to darker Americas in all walks of life but only if African-Americans work hard to improve their profile in the society and build a smart, competitive America.

Future population growth projections for the United Kingdom and its constituent countries are presented by using 2004 population census.

An American geographer and specialist on urbanization and population change in the countries of the former USSR summarizes major results of the first post-Soviet census of Georgia, only recently released. After describing sources of census data and methodological issues warranting attention (e.g., exclusion of most of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and movements of internally displaced persons), he reviews significant national-and regional-level developments in population size, urban and rural distribution, and ethnic affiliation in the country. Classification Numbers: J11, O18,R23.3 figures, 3 tables, 34 references. Key words: population change, Georgia, urbanization, internally displaced persons, demographic trends, Abkhazia, South Ossetia.

A study investigating the rate of growth of population across the large city-regions of the European Union, between the years 1980 and 2000, by taking into consideration climatic variations, is presented.

Population growth in rural areas characterized by high levels of natural amenities has recently received substantial research attention. A noted concern with amenity-triven rural population growth is its potential to raise local costs-of-living while yielding only low-wage service sector employment for long-term residents. The work presented here empirically models long-term rural residents' economic well-being, making use of longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. In general, the results suggest that long-term rural families residing in high-growth amenity and recreation areas tend to have higher annual incomes than do their counterparts in non-growth amenity/recreation areas, regardless of the sex, race, or age of the family head. However, higher costs-of-living in these areas supplant any relative gains in income. As such, these analyses provide empirical evidence of patterns inferred by earlier anecdotal evidence and case studies.

In this article, we begin by reviewing the concept of step migration that originated in E. G. Ravenstein's seminal papers 'The Laws of Migration' (1885, 1889). As a result of the forces of the Industrial Revolution underway in 19th century Great Britain, migrants moved from farms to villages, from villages to towns, from towns to county seats, and thence to large cities. Throughout much of the industrialization era in the United States, net population movements similarly were upward within the urban hierarchy, and step migration today remains widespread throughout much of the still developing world. Our investigations of recent data and trends, however, suggest that the latest U.S. migration-pattern regime is a strongly contrasting one. Many of the major movements in the system of internal (or domestic) migration are flows down the urban hierarchy, although we note highly differentiated patterns for persons and households at specific stages of the life course. We make use of the newly defined metropolitan and micropolitan Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) and a seven-level size typology to tabulate origin-destination-specific migration flow data from both Census 2000 and IRS tax-return administrative records for the period 1995-2000. We discuss the causes for net movements being either upward or downward in the national urban hierarchy, including the effects of spatially focused immigration, and movement preferences at various ages, including migration in young adulthood associated with entering and leaving college and the military, as well as moves characteristic of the stages of family formation, childrearing, and retirement. population trends | metropolitan areas | micropolitan areas

New Mexico, one of four states on the U.S./Mexico border, is faced with a pressing concern--lack of water. Since the region is either arid or semiarid, it is chronically short of continually available surface-water resources. Groundwater resources are used beyond their capacity to be naturally recharged, and most surface-water resources are used to the maximum. The quality of groundwater varies widely. As a result of nonpoint- and point-source contamination, as well as natural occurrence, water in some areas is too salty or has high levels of natural uranium, fluoride, or arsenic. To date, the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) has recognized 1,400 cases of groundwater contamination, and 1,907 water supply wells have been affected (NMED, 2001a). Of approximately 4,000 miles of continuously flowing rivers and streams in New Mexico, 92 percent are affected by nonpoint sources of pollution (NMED, 2001b). Numerous critical water issues exist along the New Mexico/Mexico border as a result of the impending critical issue of water availability, usage, and quality, as well as the fast-growing population. Related public health problems along the New Mexico/Mexico border are indicative of the need for a holistic, concrete, and sustainable solution to meet water demands in New Mexico. In order to accomplish the goals and objectives of Border XXI, Healthy People 2010, and Healthy Border 2010, a comprehensive statewide water management plan is needed. Solutions to the water demands of the region will be addressed in a subsequent manuscript., Introduction New Mexico is one of four U.S. states that share a border with Mexico. The other states are California. Arizona, and Texas. Population along the U.S./Mexico border is increasing [...]