Search

The cross section for the $e^+e^-\to K_SK_L$ process is measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 1000 MeV to 1100 MeV in the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The measurement is carried out in the $K_S\to 2\pi^0$ decay mode. Data with an integrated luminosity of 20 pb$^{-1}$ recorded in 2018 at 18 energy points are used in the analysis. The systematic uncertainty in the measured cross section at the maximum of the $\phi$ resonance is 0.9%. The mass, width of the $\phi$ meson, and the product of the branching fractions $B(\phi\to K_SK_L)B(\phi\to e^+e^-)$ are determined from the fit to the cross-section energy dependence., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

The $e^+e^-\to n\bar{n}$ cross section was measured at center of mass (c.m.) energies from the threshold to 1908 MeV. The experiment to measure the cross section has been carried out at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider in 13 energy points. The SND detector is used to detect the produced neutron-antineutrons ($n\bar{n}$) events. A special time measurement system on the calorimeter was used to select the time-delayed $n\bar{n}$ events. The measured $e^+e^-\to n\bar{n}$ cross section is 0.4--0.6 nb. The neutron effective timelike form factor in the energy range under study varies from 0.3 to 0.6., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2309.05241

The results of the search for the $e^+e^-\to\eta^{\prime}\gamma$ process in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.075 to 2 GeV are presented. We analyze data with an integral luminosity of 746 pb$^{-1}$ accumulated with the SND detector at the $e^+e^-$ collider VEPP-2000 in 2010--2024. The $\eta^{\prime}\to\eta\pi^0\pi^0$ decay is used in the analysis, with the subsequent $\eta$ and $\pi^0$ decays into $\gamma\gamma$. Upper limits not exceeding 13 pb have been set on the $e^+e^-\to\eta^{\prime}\gamma$ cross section at the 90\% confidence level., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2306.12734

The results of the measurement of the $e^+e^- \to n \bar{n}$ cross section and effective neutron timelike form factor are presented. The data taking was carried out in 2020-2021 at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider in the center-of-mass energy range from 1891 to 2007 MeV. The general purpose nonmagnetic detector SND is used to detect neutron-antineutron events. The event selection is performed using the time-of-flight technique. The measured cross section is 0.4-0.6 nb. The neutron form factor in the energy range under study varies from 0.3 to 0.2., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

The process $e^+e^- \to \omega\pi^0 \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ is studied in the center-of-mass energy region $1.05-2.00$ GeV using data with an integral luminosity of about 35 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. In the energy range under study, the value of the measured Born cross section varies from 0.7 to 18 nb. The statistical uncertainty of the cross section is $2-23$%, while the systematic uncertainty is in the range of $3.0-14.2$%. The results are consistent with previous measurements but have better accuracy., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

The $e^+e^-\to\eta\gamma$ cross section is measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.07 to 2.00 GeV in the decay channel $\eta\to 3\pi^0$, $\pi^0\to\gamma\gamma$. The data set with an integrated luminosity of 242 pb$^{-1}$ accumulated in the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider is analyzed., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures

The process $e^+e^-\to n\bar n$ is studied in the experiment at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider with the SND detector. The technique of the time measurements in the multichannel NaI(Tl) electromagnetic calorimeter is used to select nnbar events. The value of the measured cross section in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.894 to 2 GeV varies from 0.5 to 0.35 nb. The effective neutron timelike form factor is derived from the measured cross section and compared with the proton form factor. The ratio of the neutron electric and magnetic form factors is obtained from the analysis of the antineutron polar angle distribution and found to be consistent with unity., Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures, 19 references

The process $e^+e^-\to\eta\eta\gamma$ is studied in the center-of-mass energy range 1.17-2.00 GeV using data with an integrated luminosity of 201 pb$^{-1}$collected by the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The $e^+e^-\to\eta\eta\gamma$ cross section is measured for the first time. It is shown that the dominant mechanism of this reaction is the transition through the $\phi\eta$ intermediate state. Our result on the $e^+e^-\to\eta\eta\gamma$ cross section is consistent with the $e^+e^-\to\phi\eta$ measurement in the $\phi\to K^+ K^-$ mode. The search for radiative processes contributing to the $e^+e^-\to\eta\eta\gamma$ cross section is performed, and no significant signal is observed., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be submitted to European Physical Journal C. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.05465

The dynamics of the process $ e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0 $ is studied in the energy region from 1.15 to 2.00 GeV using data accumulated with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The Dalitz plot distribution and $\pi^+\pi^-$ mass spectrum are analyzed in a model including the intermediate states $\rho(770)\pi$, $\rho(1450)\pi$, and $\omega\pi^0$. As a result, the energy dependences of the $\rho(770)\pi$ and $\rho(1450)\pi$ cross sections and the relative phases between the $\rho(770)\pi$ amplitude and the $\rho(1450)\pi $ and $\omega\pi^0$ amplitudes are obtained. The $\rho(1450)\pi$ cross section has a peak in the energy region of the $\omega(1650)$ resonance (1.55-1.75 GeV). In this energy range the contributions of the $\rho(770)\pi$ and $\rho(1450)\pi$ states are of the same order of magnitude. No resonance structure near 1.65 GeV is observed in the $\rho(770)\pi$ cross section. We conclude that the intermediate state $\rho(1450)\pi$ gives a significant contribution to the decay of $\omega (1650)\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$, whereas the $\rho(770)\pi$ mechanism dominates in the decay $\omega(1420)\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables

The process $e^+e^-\to K^+K^-\pi^0$ is studied with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. Basing on data with an integrated luminosity of 26.4~pb$^{-1}$ we measure the $e^+e^-\to K^+K^-\pi^0$ cross section in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.28 up to 2 GeV. The measured mass spectrum of the $K\pi$ system indicates that the dominant mechanism of this reaction is the transition through the $K^{\ast}(892)K$ intermediate state. The cross section for the $\phi\pi^0$ intermediate state is measured separately. The SND results are consistent with previous measurements in the BABAR experiment and have comparable accuracy. We study the effect of the interference between the $\phi\pi^0$ and $K^\ast K$ amplitudes. It is found that the interference gives sizable contribution to the measured $e^+e^- \to \phi \pi^0\to K^+K^-\pi^0$ cross section below 1.7 GeV.

The process $e^+e^-\to\eta\pi^0\gamma$ is studied in the center-of-mass energy range 1.05-2.00 GeV using data with an integrated luminosity of 94.5 pb$^{-1}$ collected by the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The $e^+e^-\to\eta\pi^0\gamma$ cross section is measured for the first time. It is shown that the dominant mechanism of this reaction is the transition through the $\omega\eta$ intermediate state. The measured cross section of the subprocess $e^+e^-\to\omega\eta\to\eta\pi^0\gamma$ is consistent with previous measurements in the $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\eta$ mode. It is found, with a significance of 5.6$\sigma$, that the process $e^+e^-\to\eta\pi^0\gamma$ is not completely described by hadronic vector-pseudoscalar intermediate states. The cross section of this missing contribution, which can originate from radiation processes, e. g. $e^+e^-\to a_{0}(1450)\gamma$, is measured. It is found to be 15-20 pb in the wide energy range from 1.3 to 1.9 GeV., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, to be submitted to European Physical Journal C

The cross section of the process $e^+ e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-$ has been measured in the Spherical Neutral Detector (SND) experiment at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider VEPP-2000 in the energy region $525 <\sqrt[]{s} <883$ MeV. The measurement is based on data with an integrated luminosity of about 4.6 pb$^{-1}$. The systematic uncertainty of the cross section determination is 0.8 % at $\sqrt{s}>0.600$ GeV. The $\rho$ meson parameters are obtained as $m_\rho = 775.3\pm 0.5\pm 0.6$ MeV, $\Gamma_\rho = 145.6\pm 0.6\pm 0.8$ MeV, $B_{\rho\to e^+ e^-}\times B_{\rho\to\pi^+\pi^-} = (4.89\pm 0.02\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-5}$, and the parameters of the $e^+ e^-\to\omega\to\pi^+\pi^-$ process, suppressed by $G$-parity, as $B_{\omega\to e^+ e^-}\times B_{\omega\to\pi^+\pi^-}= (1.32\pm 0.06\pm 0.02)\times 10^{-6} $ and $\phi_{\rho\omega} = 110.7\pm 1.5\pm1.0$ degrees.

A search for direct production of the $f_1(1285)$ resonance in $e^+e^-$ annihilation is performed with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The analysis is based on data with an integrated luminosity of 15.1 pb$^{-1}$ accumulated in the center-of-mass energy range 1.2--1.4 GeV. Two $e^+e^-\to f_1(1285)$ candidate events are found at the peak of the resonance and zero events beyond the resonance. The significance of the $e^+e^-\to f_1(1285)$ signal is $2.5\sigma$. The cross section at the maximum of the resonance is found to be $\sigma(e^+e^-\to f_1)=45^{+33}_{-24}$ pb. The corresponding branching fraction $B(f_1(1285)\to e^+e^-)=(5.1^{+3.7}_{-2.7})\times 10^{-9}$. We consider this result as a first indication of the process $e^+e^-\to f_1(1285)$. The measured branching fraction is consistent with the theoretical prediction., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures

The process $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\eta$ is studied in the center-of-mass energy region below 2 GeV with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The four intermediate states contribute to this process: $\omega\eta$, $\phi\eta$, $a_0(980)\rho$, and a structureless $\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\eta$ state. We measure the total $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\eta$ cross section and the cross sections for its components: $\omega\eta$, $\phi\eta$, and a sum of $a_0(980)\rho$ and the structureless state. Our results are in agreement with previous measurements and have comparable or better accuracies., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1607.00371

The process $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ is studied with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. Basing on data with an integrated luminosity of 41 pb$^{-1}$ recorded in 2010-2012 we measure the $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ cross section in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.075 up to 2 GeV. In the range 1.4-2.0 GeV the process $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ is studied for the first time., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1601.08061

A search for the rare decay $\eta \rightarrow e^+e^-$ is performed using the inverse process $e^+e^- \rightarrow \eta$ in the decay mode $\eta\to\pi^0\pi^0\pi^0 $. We analyze data with an integrated luminosity of 654 nb$^{-1} $ accumulated at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider with the SND detector at the center-of-mass energy $E=m_\eta c ^2\approx 548 $ MeV, and set the upper limit $ {\cal B} (\eta \rightarrow e^+ e^-) < 7 \times 10^{-7} $ at the 90\% confidence level., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

The $e^+e^- \to \eta\pi^+\pi^-$ cross section is measured at the SND detector in the $\eta$ decay mode $\eta\to 3\pi^0$. The analysis is based on the data sample with an integrated luminosity of 32.7 pb$^{-1}$ collected at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider in the center-of-mass energy range $\sqrt{s}=1.075-2.000$ GeV. The data obtained in the $\eta\to 3\pi^0$ decay mode are found to be in agreement with the previous SND measurements in the $\eta\to \gamma\gamma$ mode. Therefore the measurements in the two modes are combined., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

The $e^+e^- \rightarrow K_S K_L \pi^0$ cross section is measured in the center-of-mass energy range $\sqrt{s}=1.3-2.0$ GeV. The analysis is based on the data sample with an integrated luminosity of 33.5 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

We analyze a 37 pb$^{-1}$ data sample collected with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider in the center-of-mass energy range 1.05--2.00 GeV and present an updated measurement of the $e^+e^- \to \omega \pi^0 \to \pi^0\pi^0\gamma$ cross section. In particular, we correct the mistake in radiative correction calculation made in our previous measurement based on a part of the data. The measured cross section is fitted with the vector meson dominance model with three $\rho$-like states and used to test the conserved vector current hypothesis in the $\tau^-\to\omega\pi^-\nu_{\tau}$ decay., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables

New results on exclusive hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation obtained in experiments with the SND detector at the VEPP-2M and VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ colliders are presented., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, presented at the 14th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction (MESON 2016), Cracow, Poland, 2nd - 7th June 2016

The $e^+e^-\to K^+K^-$ cross section is measured in the center-of-mass energy range $1.05-2.00$ GeV at the SND detector. The measurement is based on data with an integrated luminosity of 35 pb$^{-1}$ collected at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$-collider. The obtained results are consistent with the previous most accurate data obtained in the BABAR experiment and have a comparable accuracy., Comment: 11 pages, 8 eps figures, 3 tables

The cross section for the process $e^+e^- \to \omega\eta$ is measured in the center-of-mass energy range 1.34--2.00 GeV. The analysis is based on data collected with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The measured $e^+e^- \to \omega\eta$ cross section is the most accurate to date. A significant discrepancy is observed between our data and previous BABAR measurement., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables

The process $e^+e^-\to\omega\eta\pi^0$ is studied in the energy range $1.45-2.00$ GeV using data with an integrated luminosity of 33 pb$^{-1}$ accumulated by the SND detector at the $e^+e^-$ collider VEPP-2000. The $e^+e^-\to\omega\eta\pi^0$ cross section is measured for the first time. The cross section has a threshold near 1.75 GeV. Its value is about 2 nb in the energy range $1.8-2.0$ GeV. The dominant intermediate state for the process $e^+e^- \to \omega\eta\pi^0$ is found to be $\omega a_0(980)$., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

In the study of the reaction $e^+e^-\to K_{S}K_{L}$ at the VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider with the SND detector the nuclear interaction length of $K_{L}$ meson in NaI(Tl) has been measured. Its value is found to be 30--50 cm in the $K_{L}$ momentum range 0.11--0.48 GeV/$c$. The results are compared with the values used in the simulation programs GEANT4 and UNIMOD., Comment: accepted in JINST

A sensitivity of the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider in a search for the rare decay $\eta \rightarrow e^+ e^-$ has been studied. The inverse reaction $e^+ e^- \rightarrow \eta$ is proposed for this search. We have analyzed a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 108 nb$^{-1}$ collected with the SND detector in the center-of-mass energy range 520-580 MeV and found no background events for the reaction $e^+ e^- \rightarrow \eta$ in the decay mode $\eta\to\pi^0\pi^0\pi^0$. In the absence of background, a sensitivity to ${\cal B}(\eta \rightarrow e^+ e^-)$ of $10^{-6}$ can be reached during two weeks of VEPP-2000 operation. Such a sensitivity is better than the current upper limit on ${\cal B}(\eta \rightarrow e^+ e^-)$ by a factor of 2.3., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in JETP Letters

A search for the process $e^+e^- \to \eta^\prime$ has been performed with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The data were accumulated at the center-of-mass energy of $957.78\pm 0.06$ MeV with an integrated luminosity of about 2.9 pb$^{-1}$. For reconstruction of the $\eta^\prime$ meson five decay chains have been used: $\eta^{\prime}\to\eta\pi^+\pi^-$ followed by the $\eta$ decays to $\gamma\gamma$ and $3\pi^0 $, and $\eta^{\prime} \to \eta\pi^0\pi^0$ followed by the $\eta$ decays to $\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$, $\gamma\gamma$, and $3\pi^0$. As a result, the upper limit has been set on the $\eta^\prime$ electronic width: $\Gamma_{\eta^{\prime}\to e^+e^-} < 0.0020$ eV at the 90\% confidence level., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

In the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider the cross section for the process $e^+e^-\to\eta\pi^+\pi^-$ has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.22 to 2.00 GeV. Obtained results are in agreement with previous measurements and have better accuracy. The energy dependence of the $e^+e^-\to\eta\pi^+\pi^-$ cross section has been fitted with the vector-meson dominance model. From this fit the product of the branching fractions $B(\rho(1450)\to\eta\pi^+\pi^-)B(\rho(1450)\to e^+e^-)$ has been extracted and compared with the same products for $\rho(1450)\to\omega\pi^0$ and $\rho(1450)\to\pi^+\pi^-$ decays. The obtained cross section data have been also used to test the conservation of vector current hypothesis., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

The process $e^+e^-\to n\bar{n}$ has been studied at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider with the SND detector in the energy range from threshold up to 2 GeV. As a result of the experiment, the $e^+e^-\to n\bar{n}$ cross section and effective neutron form factor have been measured.

The $e^+e^-\to\eta\gamma$ cross section has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range 1.07--2.00 GeV using the decay mode $\eta\to 3\pi^0$, $\pi^0\to \gamma\gamma$. The analysis is based on 36 pb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider. The measured cross section of about 35 pb at 1.5 GeV is explained by decays of the $\rho(1450)$ and $\phi(1680)$ resonances., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

The cross section for the process e+e- --> omega pi0 --> pi0 pi0 gamma has been measured in the energy range 1.05--2.00 GeV. The experiment has been performed at the e+e- collider VEPP-2000 with the SND detector. The measured e+e- --> omega pi0 cross section above 1.4 GeV is the most accurate to date. Below 1.4 GeV our data are in good agreement with the previous SND and CMD-2 measurements. Data on the e+e- --> omega pi0 cross section are well described by the VMD model with two excited rho-like states. From the measured cross section we have extracted the gamma^* --> omega pi0 transition form factor. It has been found that the VDM model cannot describe simultaneously our data and data obtained from the omega --> pi0 mu+ mu- decay. We have also tested CVC hypothesis comparing our results on the e+e- --> omega pi0 cross section with data on the tau- --> omega pi- nu_{tau} decay., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

The search for lepton-flavor-violation process e^+e^-\to e\mu in the energy region \sqrt{s}=984 - 1060 MeV with SND detector at VEPP-2M e^+e^- collider is reported. The model independent 90% CL upper limits on the e^+e^-\to e\mu cross section, \sigma_{e\mu} < 11 pb, as well as on the corresponding \phi\to e\mu branching fraction, B(\phi\to e\mu) < 2 \times 10^{-6}, for the final particles polar angles 55^\circ<\theta<125^\circ, were obtained.

The cross section of the process e+e-\to\mu+\mu- was measured in the SND experiment at the VEPP-2M e+e- collider in the energy region \sqrt{s}=980, 1040 -- 1380 MeV. The event numbers of the process e+e-\to\mu+\mu- were normalized to the integrated luminosity measured using e+e-\to e+e- and e+e-\to\gamma\gamma processes. The ratio of the measured cross section to the theoretically predicted value is 1.006\pm 0.007 \pm 0.016 and 1.005 \pm 0.007 \pm 0.018 in the first and second case respectively. Using results of the measurements, the electromagnetic running coupling constant \alpha in the energy region \sqrt{s}=1040 -- 1380 MeV was obtained <1/\alpha> = 134.1\pm 0.5 \pm 1.2 and this is in agreement with theoretical expectation., Comment: 29 pages, 23 figures

In the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider measuring the $e^+e^-\to \eta\gamma$ cross section in the energy range $0.6<\sqrt{s}<1.38 \mathrm{GeV}$ the reanalysis of data is performed. The goal is to improve the accuracy of the previous results by analysing ambiguities in the approximation of energy dependence of the $e^+e^-\to \eta\gamma$ cross section, which were not taken into account in our previous study. We report new results on the approximation of the $e^+e^-\to \eta\gamma$ cross section based on Vector Dominance Model under new model parameter assumptions., Comment: 3 pages, 4 tables

The cross section of the process $e^+e^- \to K^+K^-$ was measured in the energy range $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.04--1.38 GeV in the SND experiment at the VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider. The measured cross section is described by the model of vector meson dominance with contributions from the light vector mesons $\rho$, $\omega$, $\phi$ and their lowest excitations. The mean statistical accuracy of the measurement is 4.4 %, and the systematic uncertainty is 5.2 %., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures