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Your search keyword '"P. R., Reeve"' showing total 7 results
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7 results on '"P. R., Reeve"'

1. A Scalable Handwritten Text Recognition System

Author

Ingle, R. Reeve, Fujii, Yasuhisa, Deselaers, Thomas, Baccash, Jonathan, and Popat, Ashok C.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Many studies on (Offline) Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) systems have focused on building state-of-the-art models for line recognition on small corpora. However, adding HTR capability to a large scale multilingual OCR system poses new challenges. This paper addresses three problems in building such systems: data, efficiency, and integration. Firstly, one of the biggest challenges is obtaining sufficient amounts of high quality training data. We address the problem by using online handwriting data collected for a large scale production online handwriting recognition system. We describe our image data generation pipeline and study how online data can be used to build HTR models. We show that the data improve the models significantly under the condition where only a small number of real images is available, which is usually the case for HTR models. It enables us to support a new script at substantially lower cost. Secondly, we propose a line recognition model based on neural networks without recurrent connections. The model achieves a comparable accuracy with LSTM-based models while allowing for better parallelism in training and inference. Finally, we present a simple way to integrate HTR models into an OCR system. These constitute a solution to bring HTR capability into a large scale OCR system., Comment: ICDAR 2019

Published
2019

2. High‐resolution variable‐density 3D cones coronary MRA

Author

Addy, Nii Okai, Ingle, R Reeve, Wu, Holden H, Hu, Bob S, and Nishimura, Dwight G

Subjects
Bioengineering, Clinical Research, Biomedical Imaging, Cardiovascular, Aged, Coronary Angiography, Female, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Male, Middle Aged, Phantoms, Imaging, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, coronary imaging, 3D cones, trajectory design, parallel imaging, Biomedical Engineering, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Abstract

PurposeTo improve the spatial/temporal resolution of whole-heart coronary MR angiography by developing a variable-density (VD) 3D cones acquisition suitable for image reconstruction with parallel imaging and compressed sensing techniques.MethodsA VD 3D cones trajectory design incorporates both radial and spiral trajectory undersampling techniques to achieve higher resolution. This design is used to generate a VD 3D cones trajectory with 0.8 mm/66 ms isotropic spatial/temporal resolution, using a similar number of readouts as our previous fully sampled cones trajectory (1.2 mm/100 ms). Scans of volunteers and patients are performed to evaluate the performance of the VD trajectory, using non-Cartesian L1 -ESPIRiT for high-resolution image reconstruction.ResultsWith gridding reconstruction, the high-resolution scans experience an expected drop in signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios, but with L1 -ESPIRiT, the apparent noise is substantially reduced. Compared with 1.2 mm images, in each volunteer, the L1 -ESPIRiT 0.8 mm images exhibit higher vessel sharpness values in the right and left anterior descending arteries.ConclusionCoronary MR angiography with isotropic submillimeter spatial resolution and high temporal resolution can be performed with VD 3D cones to improve the depiction of coronary arteries.

Published
2015

3. Nonrigid autofocus motion correction for coronary MR angiography with a 3D cones trajectory

Author

Ingle, R Reeve, Wu, Holden H, Addy, Nii Okai, Cheng, Joseph Y, Yang, Phillip C, Hu, Bob S, and Nishimura, Dwight G

Subjects
Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Heart Disease, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Bioengineering, Biomedical Imaging, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Algorithms, Artifacts, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Motion, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, coronary angiography, motion correction, autofocus, nonrigid, navigator image, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

PurposeTo implement a nonrigid autofocus motion correction technique to improve respiratory motion correction of free-breathing whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography acquisitions using an image-navigated 3D cones sequence.Methods2D image navigators acquired every heartbeat are used to measure superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, and right-left translation of the heart during a free-breathing coronary magnetic resonance angiography scan using a 3D cones readout trajectory. Various tidal respiratory motion patterns are modeled by independently scaling the three measured displacement trajectories. These scaled motion trajectories are used for 3D translational compensation of the acquired data, and a bank of motion-compensated images is reconstructed. From this bank, a gradient entropy focusing metric is used to generate a nonrigid motion-corrected image on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The performance of the autofocus motion correction technique is compared with rigid-body translational correction and no correction in phantom, volunteer, and patient studies.ResultsNonrigid autofocus motion correction yields improved image quality compared to rigid-body-corrected images and uncorrected images. Quantitative vessel sharpness measurements indicate superiority of the proposed technique in 14 out of 15 coronary segments from three patient and two volunteer studies.ConclusionThe proposed technique corrects nonrigid motion artifacts in free-breathing 3D cones acquisitions, improving image quality compared to rigid-body motion correction.

Published
2014

5. The genetics and structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:10 and its relationship with Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35

Author

Mikael Skurnik, Peter R. Reeves, Johanna J. Kenyon, Cristina De Castro, Otto Holst, Monica M. Cunneen, Antonio Molinaro, J. J., Kenyon, DE CASTRO, Cristina, M. M., Cunneen, P. R., Reeve, Molinaro, Antonio, O., Holst, and M., Skurnik

Subjects
Serotype, DNA, Bacterial, 060102 Bioinformatics, Carbohydrate, Acetylgalactosamine, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Gene annotation, Molecular Sequence Data, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, 060501 Bacteriology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene cluster, Deoxy Sugars, medicine, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Serotyping, Polysaccharide, Gene, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, 060503 Microbial Genetics, Bacterial pathogen, O Antigens, Salmonella enterica, 060500 MICROBIOLOGY, Sequence Analysis, DNA, O-antigen, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Carbohydrate Sequence, Multigene Family, 060112 Structural Biology (incl. Macromolecular Modelling), Bacteria, Colitose
Abstract

Free to read on publisher website The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) is a variable constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria. The polymorphic nature of OPSs within a species is usually first defined serologically, and the current serotyping scheme for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis consists of 21 O serotypes of which 15 have been characterized genetically and structurally. Here, we present the structure and DNA sequence of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:10 OPS. The O unit consists of one residue each of d-galactopyranose, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-galactopyranose) and d-glucopyranose in the backbone, with two colitose (3,6-dideoxy-l-xylo-hexopyranose) side-branch residues. This structure is very similar to that shared by Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35. The gene cluster sequences of these serotypes, however, have only low levels of similarity to that of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:10, although there is significant conservation of gene order. Within Y. pseudotuberculosis, the O10 structure is most closely related to the O:6 and O:7 structures.

Published
2011

6. Genetic characterization and structural analysis of the O-specific polysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1c

Author

Johanna J. Kenyon, Antonio Molinaro, Peter R. Reeves, Otto Holst, Monica M. Cunneen, Mikael Skurnik, Cristina De Castro, DE CASTRO, Cristina, J. J., Kenyon, M. M., Cunneen, P. R., Reeve, Molinaro, Antonio, O., Holst, and M., Skurnik

Subjects
Serotype, 060102 Bioinformatics, Carbohydrate, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Sequence analysis, Gene annotation, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections, Polysaccharide, Microbiology, Genetic analysis, 060501 Bacteriology, Species Specificity, Gene cluster, Humans, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Serologic Tests, Molecular Biology, Gene, Repeat unit, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, 060503 Microbial Genetics, O Antigens, Bacterial pathogen, 060500 MICROBIOLOGY, Cell Biology, O-antigen, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, Carbohydrate Sequence, chemistry, Multigene Family, Host-Pathogen Interactions, 060112 Structural Biology (incl. Macromolecular Modelling), Sequence Analysis
Abstract

Many, but not all, of the current 21 serotypes of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been investigated with regard to the chemical structures of their O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) and the genetic basis of their biosynthesis. Completion of the genetics and structures of the remaining serotypes will enhance our understanding of the emerging relationship between genetics and structures within this species. Here, we present a structural and genetic analysis of the Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1c OPS. Our results showed that this OPS has the same backbone as Y. pseudotuberculosis O:2b, but with a 3,6-dideoxy-D- ribo-hexofuranose (paratofuranose, Parf) side-branch instead of a 3,6-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexopyranose (abequopyranose, Abep). The 3'-end of the gene cluster is the same as for O:2b and has the genes for synthesis of the backbone and for processing the completed repeat unit. The 5'-end of the cluster consists of the same genes as O:1b for synthesis of Parf and a related gene for its transfer to the repeating unit backbone.

Published
2011

7. The O-specific polysaccharide structure and biosynthetic gene cluster of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:11

Author

Johanna J. Kenyon, Michelangelo Parrilli, Otto Holst, Monica M. Cunneen, Peter R. Reeves, Antonio Molinaro, Cristina De Castro, Mikael Skurnik, M. M., Cunneen, DE CASTRO, Cristina, J., Kenyon, Parrilli, Michelangelo, P. R., Reeve, Molinaro, Antonio, O., Holst, and M., Skurnik

Subjects
Serotype, 060102 Bioinformatics, Carbohydrate, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Sequence analysis, Gene annotation, Molecular Sequence Data, Biochemistry, Genetic analysis, Models, Biological, Analytical Chemistry, Microbiology, 060501 Bacteriology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene cluster, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Polysaccharide, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Repeat unit, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, Base Sequence, Molecular Structure, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, 060503 Microbial Genetics, Organic Chemistry, Bacterial pathogen, O Antigens, 060500 MICROBIOLOGY, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, O-antigen, biology.organism_classification, Carbohydrate Sequence, Multigene Family, 060112 Structural Biology (incl. Macromolecular Modelling), DNA
Abstract

In the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotyping scheme, 21 serotypes are present originating from about 30 different O-factors distributed within the species. With regard to the chemical structures of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and the genetic basis of their biosynthesis, a number, but not all, of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains representing different serotypes have been investigated. In order to present an overall picture of the relationship between genetics and structures, we have been working on the genetics and structures of various Y. pseudotuberculosis O-specific polysaccharides (OPSs). Here, we present a structural and genetic analysis of the Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:11 OPS. Our results showed that this OPS structure has the same backbone as that of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1b, but with a 6d-L-Altf side-branch instead of Parf. The 3' end of the gene cluster is the same as that for O:1b and has the genes for synthesis of the backbone and for processing the completed repeat unit. The 5' end has genes for synthesis of 6d-L-Altf and its transfer to the repeating unit backbone. The pathway for the synthesis of the 6d-L-Altf appears to be different from that for 6d-L-Altp in Y. enterocolitica O:3. The chemical structure of the O:11 repeating unit is [structure: see text].

Published
2009

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