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Taro Kishi,1 Kazuto Oya,1 Yuki Matsui,1,2 Ikuo Nomura,1 Kenji Sakuma,1 Makoto Okuya,1 Yuki Matsuda,3 ,Kiyoshi Fujita,4 Toshihiko Funahashi,2 Reiji Yoshimura,5 Nakao Iwata1 1Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; 2Department of Psychiatry, Jindai Hospital, Toyota, Aichi 470-0361, Japan; 3Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo105-8461, Japan; 4Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama hospital, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1168, Japan; 5Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole 4 mg/day (B4) and 2 mg/day (B2) for treating acute schizophrenia. Patients and methods: We performed three categorical meta-analyses (B4 vs placebo, B2 vs placebo, and B4 vs B2) of double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials (DBRCTs) that reported improvements in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores, response rate, Clinical Global Impression–Improvement and Severity (CGI-I and CGI-S) scores, discontinuation rate, and incidence of individual adverse events. Results: We identified three DBRCTs with 1,444 patients. Both B4 and B2 were superior to placebo for PANSS total score (B4: standardized mean difference [SMD] =-0.30, 95% CI =-0.43, -0.17; B2: SMD =-0.30, 95% CI =-0.46, -0.13), PANSS negative score, response rate, CGI-S score, and CGI-I score. B2, but not B4, was superior to placebo for the PANSS positive score. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis for B4’s PANSS positive score, which disappeared after excluding a 2018 Japanese study from the meta-analysis that included more patients on a high-dose antipsychotic prior to their participation. A meta-analysis that excluded the data from the abovementioned patients showed B4 to be superior to the placebo in terms of the PANSS positive score (SMD =-0.22, 95% CI =-0.40, -0.03). B2, but not B4, was associated with a lower incidence of all-cause discontinuation compared with placebo. Both B4 and B2 were superior to placebo for discontinuation due to adverse events and schizophrenia, but both were associated with a higher incidence of weight gain compared with placebo. B4 was also associated with a higher risk of extrapyramidal symptoms than B2. Conclusion: Both B4 and B2 benefitted patients with schizophrenia, particularly those who were not previously on high-dose antipsychotics. Both the regimens were well-tolerated, but carried a risk of weight gain and extrapyramidal symptoms, although the latter risk was higher for B4 than B2. Keywords: schizophrenia, brexpiprazole 2 mg/day, brexpiprazole 4 mg/day, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score, response rate, safety outcomes, systematic review, meta-analysis

Taro Kishi,1,* Toshikazu Ikuta,2,* Shinji Matsunaga,1 Yuki Matsuda,1,3 Kazuto Oya,1 Nakao Iwata1 1Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan; 2Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; 3Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: The relative efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotics for schizophrenia are considerably well studied. This study aimed to examine whether previous findings could be replicated in a genetically distinct and homogenous group (ie, Japanese patients with schizophrenia) and whether previous findings could be extended to a broader range of antipsychotics with previously unclear relative efficacy and tolerability.Methods: Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed in which randomized trials comparing any of the following interventions were included: second-generation antipsychotics, haloperidol, or placebo. The primary outcomes for efficacy and acceptability were the response rate and all-cause discontinuation. The secondary outcomes included the improvement of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores, discontinuation because of adverse events, and individual adverse events.Results: Eighteen relevant studies were identified (total n=3,446; aripiprazole =267, blonanserin =285, clozapine =47, clocapramine =295, haloperidol =857, mosapramine =493, olanzapine =179, paliperidone =136, perospirone =146, placebo =138, quetiapine =212, and risperidone =338; mean study duration =8.33±1.41 weeks). In primary outcomes, olanzapine and paliperidone showed efficacy than placebo, and olanzapine and paliperidone showed superior acceptability compared with placebo. There were differences in the incidences of individual adverse events (the best antipsychotic: extrapyramidal symptoms = olanzapine, hyperprolactinemia-related symptoms = quetiapine, sedation = paliperidone, and weight change = blonanserin) among antipsychotics.Conclusion: Although the current analysis exclusively included Japanese patients with schizophrenia, no remarkable differences were observed in efficacy and safety compared with previous meta-analyses. Diverse hierarchies in safety outcomes also support the implication that individual risk expectations for adverse events can guide clinical decisions. However, the sample size was relatively limited. Additional efficacy and safety data are required to fully obtain a conclusive understanding. Keywords: antipsychotics, Japanese schizophrenia, network meta-analysis, efficacy, safety

Yuji Okuyama,* Kazuto Oya,* Shinji Matsunaga, Taro Kishi, Nakao Iwata Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: This study aimed to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of topiramate-augmen­tation therapy in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic agents. Data published up to June 20, 2016 were obtained from the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. Twelve randomized controlled trials comparing topiramate to placebo or antipsychotic only were included (n=676 patients). The primary outcome was change in overall symptoms. Relative risk (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD), along with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using random effects model for each outcome. Topiramate-augmentation therapy was superior to the control for decreasing overall symptoms (SMD -0.55, 95% confidence interval -0.86 to -0.24; P=0.001; I2=55%, eight comparisons, n=380), positive symptoms (SMD -0.4), negative symptoms (SMD -0.47), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale general subscale scores (SMD -0.67). Furthermore, topiramate-augmentation therapy decreased weight (SMD -0.69) and body mass index (SMD -0.95) compared with the control. Topiramate was similar to the control with respect to discontinuation due to all causes (RR 1.19), inefficacy (RR 1.71), and adverse events (RR 1.09). Topiramate was associated with higher incidence of paresthesia (RR 2.67) and attention difficulty (RR 8.97) compared with the control. Our results seemed to suggest that topiramate-augmentation therapy improves the psychopathology of schizophrenia with good tolerability and has the additional advantage of weight maintenance. However, because there were some limitations (numbers of studies and patients included in the meta-analysis were small, some studies used completer analysis, Chinese studies were included in the meta-analysis, and studies that had a risk of bias were included in the meta-analysis) in this study, we cannot apply the results of this study in daily clinical practice. Keywords: schizophrenia, topiramate, efficacy, safety, systematic review, meta-analysis

Kazuto Oya, Taro Kishi, Nakao Iwata Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of aripiprazole once monthly (AOM) for schizophrenia.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on AOM, published until June 25, 2015, were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases. Relative risk (RR), standardized mean difference (SMD), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and numbers needed to treat/harm (NNT/NNH) were calculated.Results: We identified four relevant RCTs (total n=1,860), two placebo-controlled trials, one noninferiority trial comparing AOM to oral aripiprazole (OA), and one including therapeutic doses of AOM and OA, as well as an AOM dose below therapeutic threshold (control arm). AOM was superior to placebo for decreasing Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores (SMD =-0.65, 95% CI =-0.90 to -0.41, n=1,126). However, PANSS total scores did not differ significantly between pooled AOM and OA groups. The pooled AOM group showed significantly lower incidence of all-cause discontinuation (RR =0.54, 95% CI =0.41–0.71, n=1,139, NNH =4) and inefficacy (RR =0.28, 95% CI =0.21–0.38, n=1,139, NNH =5) than placebo, but was not superior to placebo regarding discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) or death. The AOM group exhibited a lower incidence of all-cause discontinuation than OA (RR =0.78, 95% CI =0.64–0.95, n=986, NNH =14), but there were no intergroup differences in discontinuation due to inefficacy, AEs, or death. There were no significant differences in extrapyramidal symptoms scale scores between AOM and placebo or between AOM and OA. AOM resulted in higher weight gain than placebo (SMD =0.41, 95% CI =0.18–0.64, n=734) but lower than OA (SMD =-0.16, 95% CI =-0.29 to -0.02, n=847).Conclusion: AOM has antipsychotic efficacy and low risk of discontinuation due to AEs. Keywords: schizophrenia, aripiprazole once monthly, efficacy, safety, systematic review, meta-analysis

Abstract Background In this study, we observed the frequency of side effects encountered when the neural integrity monitor electromyogram endotracheal tube (NIM-EMG-ETT) was used in thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy surgeries. Methods After obtaining hospital ethics committee approval, 239 cases affiliated with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA II-IV) who used NIM EMG tubes in thyroid and parathyroid surgery were included in the prospective observational study. Tube and patient-related complications encountered with two different NIM EMG-ETT (silicone and polyvinyl chloride-PVC) were recorded. Results The average age of the patients is 49.50 ± 13.44 years, the average BMI is 28.25 ± 4.91 kg/m2, the median surgery time is 115 (32–475) minutes, 75.7% are women, 97.5% are ASA II. Additional diseases other than thyroid and parathyroid problems were present in 77.3%. Thyroidectomy was performed in 73.2% of the patients. In our study, only 0.8% of patients with transient recurrent laryngeal nerve RLN paralysis were observed in thyroid and parathyroid surgeries performed using NIM-EMG tubes, 3 patient already had nerve involvement in the preoperative period. The most common complication was loss of stimulation response related to tubes and patient-related ventilation failure. There was no difference between the complications of silicone and PVC tubes except for irregular EMG response. Conclusions There was no significant difference in side effects other than irregular EMG response in the two different tubes we used in our study. It was observed that prolonging the surgical time increased the risk of irregular EMG response. It should not be forgotten that no matter which NIM-EMG tube is used, additional risks are encountered during the intubation and extubation process. In order to avoid negative consequences, it is necessary to follow the usage rules recommended by the manufacturer when using NIM-EMG tubes.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the effect of symptomatic partial and full-thickness rotator cuff tears on humeral migration. The hypothesis of the study was that superior humeral migration varies according to the type of rotator cuff tear. Methods: 80 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Humerus migration directions and distances of patients in the isolated Bankart lesion (Group 1), bursal-side partial (Group 2), articular-side partial (Group 3), and full-thickness rotator cuff tear (Group 4) groups whose diagnosis was confirmed by shoulder arthroscopic intervention MRI were recorded and evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups according to age (p=0.295). Migration distance values of isolated Bankart lesions (Group 1) were significantly lower in men (p

Abstract Cerebral organoids recapitulate the structure and function of the developing human brain in vitro, offering a large potential for personalized therapeutic strategies. The enormous growth of this research area over the past decade with its capability for clinical translation makes a non-invasive, automated analysis pipeline of organoids highly desirable. This work presents a novel non-invasive approach to monitor and analyze cerebral organoids over time using high-field magnetic resonance imaging and state-of-the-art tools for automated image analysis. Three specific objectives are addressed, (I) organoid segmentation to investigate organoid development over time, (II) global cysticity classification and (III) local cyst segmentation for organoid quality assessment. We show that organoid growth can be monitored reliably over time and cystic and non-cystic organoids can be separated with high accuracy, with on par or better performance compared to state-of-the-art tools applied to brightfield imaging. Local cyst segmentation is feasible but could be further improved in the future. Overall, these results highlight the potential of the pipeline for clinical application to larger-scale comparative organoid analysis.

In the study of the relationship between Turkish migrants living in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the media, the 1980s – during which video experienced a massive emergence – are of great importance due to the spread of neo-liberal and conservative ideologies that occurred during that decade. In addition to shaping reception styles, viewing habits, and film canons, video also facilitated the transfer of technology, knowledge, and images between Turkey and the Federal Republic of Germany along the migration axis. Based on this thesis, this article focuses on the relationship between Turkey and Turkish migrants in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1980s that formed through video. The primary aim is to examine how migrant audiences came into contact with Turkey during this period. The analysis considers the historical context, the type of interaction made possible by video broadcasting, the role of the audience, and the discourses of power that influenced this interaction. In this way, the ideological function of video, its proxy status, and the basis of its legitimacy in the media context become clear.

Abstract Background Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a thoracic wall block that has been used frequently in recent years. It was aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine in different volumes for ESPB in patients undergoing thoracotomy. Methods Patients who were in the age range of 18 to 65 years, ASA I–III, had a body mass index (BMI) of 18–30 kg/m2 and were undergoing thoracotomy were included in the study. Patients were assigned to ESPB with 30 ml 0.25% bupivacaine (Group-1) or ESPB with 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine (Group-2) groups according to the analgesia protocol. In the postoperative care unit, intravenous morphine was administered via a patient-controlled analgesia pump for 24 h. A paracetamol dose of 1 g every 8 h and a dexketoprofen dose of 50 mg twice daily were administered iv for multimodal analgesia. Results Visual analog scale (VAS) resting scores, the 1st (p = 0.001), 2nd ( 0.05). Conclusions The results of ESPB applied with 20 ml and 30 ml of local anesthetic before the surgical incision in thoracotomy patients showed that the use of 30 ml of local anesthetic provided more effective analgesia. In addition, similar side-effect rates show that 30 ml of local anesthetic can be used safely.

Objective: Various products are used to strengthen immunity in prevention and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the whole world, which has no cure yet, and the vaccine has just been used. This study was planned to learn about the supplements used by healthcare professionals. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to the physicians, nurses, technicians, secretaries, and staff working in the operating room, intensive care, ward, and outpatient clinic by e-mail, WhatsApp, or face-to-face interview method. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of being COVID-19-positive. The most used products were primarily Mg and vitamin D, and vitamin C, ginger, Zn, turmeric, green tea, vitamin complex, thyme, black elderberry (sambucus nigra), propolis, prebiotic/probiotic, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), black cumin (niger sativa), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), selenium (Se), Coenzyme-Q10, cinnamon, glutathione (GSH) and quercetin respectively. No one had used alpha lipoic acid (ALA). The products that showed significant differences between the groups with and without COVID-19 were vitamin C, prebiotic/probiotic, propolis and ASA. Conclusıon: Since it is not asked when the product is used, although it is not possible to evaluate its effectiveness for preventive or therapeutic purposes, known to be natural, inexpensive, and easily accessible antiviral products may be preferred.

Objective:The aim of the study was to determine the distribution, frequency, and characteristics of mucocutaneous manifestations along with other clinical and laboratory data in the presentation of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases.Method:The study was performed with the patients being followed up with a diagnosis of autoinflammatory diseases at the Pediatric Rheumatology Department in İstanbul University Faculty of Medicine. Medical records on clinical and laboratory characteristics covering the date range from January 1, 2018 to September 1, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed.Results:The study cohort (n=97) demonstrated a distribution as familial Mediterranean fever (n=64, 66%), mevalonate kinase deficiency (n=16, 16.5%), cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (n=11, 11.3%), and TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (n=6, 6.2%). Among the entire cohort, 59.8% was female. The median age at diagnosis and at the study were 71 (3-195) and 147 (34-253) months, respectively. Mucocutaneous involvement (34%, n=33) appeared as erysipelas-like, urticaria-like, maculopapular or morbilliform in character. The location and extent of rash differed between the subgroups, limited to a localized area in patients with familial Mediterranean fever, but scattered in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes.Conclusion:The location and character of the mucocutaneous signs demonstrated a consistent distribution according to the subgroups. Skin manifestations accompany almost all subtypes and may provide a clue regarding the subdivision and pathological mechanism of the disease.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Subjective Health Complaints (SHC) inventory, which can be used to monitor health complaints experienced by the hospital support staff. Materials and Methods: In this methodological study, data were collected from 240 hospital support staff working in five different hospitals in Turkey. Participants were asked demographic questions and administered a Turkish translated SHC inventory. Construct validity was confirmed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was assessed by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability coefficients. Results: The Turkish SHC inventory with 29 items showed acceptable content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.905). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original five-dimensional structure of the scale. Model fit indices implied a good model-data fit: the normed chi-square value of 1.488 (χ2 = 513.423, df=345); error of root mean square approximation of 0.045; comparative fit index of 0.939 and standardized root mean square residuals of 0.060. Conclusion: The findings assert the reliability and validity of the Turkish SHC inventory, and recommend its use as a suitable tool for monitoring health complaints experienced by health service workers.

Leni Riefenstahl, Nazi dönemi sinemacıları arasında en tartışmalı isimlerin başında gelir. Nazi Partisi iktidarı boyunca çektiği filmler, kimi çevrelerce Nazi iktidarıyla işbirliğinin belgesi, kimileri için de salt sanattır. II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası üretimi üzerine yapılan değerlendirmeler ise kimi zaman faşist estetiğin izlerini takip eder, kimi zamansa filmlerini ideolojiden azade imgelere indirger. Yaşamı boyunca filmlerinin ideolojik değerini reddeden ve kendisini uyumun ve güzelliğin yönetmeni olarak savunmaya çabalayan Riefenstahl’in sineması, bu makalede sürdürülen bu iki kutuplu tartışma ekseninde ele alınmaktadır. Riefenstahl’in adı sıkça Nazi dönemi propaganda sinemasına damgasını vuracak olan İradenin Zaferi 1935 ve Olympia I. ve II. Bölüm 1938 filmleriyle anılır. 1970’lerden itibaren ise bir Afrika kabilesi olan Nubaların fotoğraflarını ve sonraki yıllarda sualtını gösteren çekimlerle yeniden gündem olur. Aynı yıllar Riefenstahl için geçmişinin rehabilite edildiği, kendisinin de bir tür Rönesans yaşadığı yeni bir dönemin başlangıcı olur. Riefenstahl’in Nazi dönemi ile bu dönemin öncesi ve sonrası ürettiği estetiği ve imgeleri arasında bir izleğin mevcudiyetine inanan Susan Sontag, bu rehabilitasyon sürecine karşı çıkar. “Sanat sanat içindir” fikri ile göstermenin ve görmenin etiği karşı karşıya gelir. Makale Riefenstahl’in filmlerini, yaşamöyküsünü, söylemlerini ve Sontag’ın müdahalesini esas alarak sinema aracılığıyla faşist propagandanın yapısını ve liberal toplumda etkisini sürdürebildiği çeperi ortaya koymak ve tartışmak niyeti taşımaktadır.

Objective: There are diverse findings concerning the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in assisted reproduction treatment (ART) cycles of infertile women with low ovarian reserve, ovarian failure or implantation failure due to endometrial problems. A debate continues regarding the benefit of this technique because of the low number of evidence-based studies. Mechanism: Different PRP preparation methods have been described in the literature, aiming to obtain the highest number of platelets following centrifugation steps. Findings in brief: Research on the use of PRP in female infertility aims to improve the deteriorated hormonal profile, gamete production and implantation of the embryo into the endometrium. Conclusions: This paper reviewed literature evaluating the impact of PRP on the outcomes of subsequent ART cycles in infertile women. PRP is a safe and easy-to-apply procedure and can be used as an ’add-on’ therapy in patients with reduced ovarian reserve, ovarian failure or implantation failure prior to the in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle, although it is still regarded as an empirical treatment method. Further studies should be conducted to enlighten the subject.

In this paper, we examine comovements between stock market returns and investments that take into account Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors by studying the interconnections between the two returns in time and frequency space. We study interdependencies between the conventional stock market and ESG stocks using daily data from 2007 to 2021 for 19 developing and 19 developed countries. Our results show significant comovement patterns between ESG returns and stock returns at various frequencies, time scales, and sample episodes in all countries, particularly during periods of financial turmoil. For the most part, we document positive (in-phase) comovements between the stock returns and ESG returns in developing countries and negative (out-of-phase) comovements in developed countries. This implies limited portfolio gains from adding ESG stocks to portfolio diversification in developing countries but significant gains in developed countries.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their severity in asymptomatic and healthy individuals using the Fonseca anamnestic index. Materials and Method: A total of 135 individuals (80 females and 55 males, mean age 34.4±10.9) were involved in the study. The Fonseca anamnestic index was administered to the individuals. The data analysis was conducted by using Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman’s correlation. Results: TMD was detected in 63% of the individuals. Most of them (40%) had mild TMD. The difference between gender and TMD severity was statistically significant (p=0.001). Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain showed a statistically significant positive correlation with headache and emotional stress (r=0.312, p˂0.001; r=0.299, p˂0.001, respectively). TMJ pain showed the strongest positive correlation with clicking (r=0.443, p˂0.001). Bruxism showed positive correlations with the TMJ pain and clicking (r=0.197, p=0.022 and r= 0.221, p=0.010, respectively). Conclusion: The Fonseca anamnestic index is a reliable diagnostic tool that can be used to detect TMD-related symptoms and severity even in asymptomatic and healthy participants, providing rapid results in clinical practice.

Inherited disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism represent a group of rare neurometabolic diseases characterized by movement disorders and developmental delay. Here, the authors report a standardized evaluation of a registry of 275 patients from 42 countries, and highlight an evolving phenotypic spectrum of this disease group and factors influencing diagnostic processes.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to analyze such impacts on inflation, unemployment rate, economic development, and housing demand as from 2011. For this reason, the subject of this research is defined as “The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Turkish Economy”. Within this frame, “Is migration an economic and demographic solution for the ageing population and work force due to sector specific supply deficiencies?”, or “Could migration be deemed as a risk due to additional burden on social savings and public finance, increase of general price levels, and increased unemployment?” have been determined as the primary problems of this paper. We researched and analyzed the number of Syrian refugees, economic growth, unemployment rate, housing demand, and overall level of prices in between 2012 – 2019 based on the quarterly data. Total statistical information, relevant to Syrian refugees, was obtained from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and rest of the data was obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). In order to make the analysis of Syrian refugees with respect to the Turkish Economy, we primarily used the parameter of time. Hence, the research was performed both for short and long terms. And we used Johansen cointegration, Granger causality, VAR (Vector Autoregressive Model), and Impulse-Response function models. Based on the results obtained, there are no negative impacts on the Turkish economy in the short term, yet negative impacts will be faced in the long term. As a result, the increase of the number of refugees is significantly affecting the unemployment rate, and it is actually creating a horizontal effect on inflation and housing demand. We finalized the research by the results of the analyses performed as well as the contribution of political designs’ and key feedbacks’ projections. ÖZ: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Suriye göçmenlerinin 2011 yılından itibaren günümüze kadar Türkiye’ye göç etmelerinin enflasyon, işsizlik, büyüme ve konut talebi üzerine etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu nedenle araştırmanın konusu “Suriyeli Mültecilerin Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkisi” olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çerçevede araştırmanın temel problemi: “Göç, birçok ülkede yaşlanan nüfus ve işgücü arzındaki sektörel kıtlıklar ile ilgili ekonomik ve demografik sorunlara bir çözüm mü; yoksa göçmenlerin sosyal harcamalara ek bir baskı uygulamasıyla kamu mali dengesine, talep artışıyla fiyatlar genel düzeyine, işgücü arzının arttırmasıyla işsizliğe yol açması nedeniyle bir risk olarak görülebilir mi?” şeklindedir. Çalışmada Suriyeli göçmen miktarı, ekonomik büyüme, işsizlik oranı, konut talebi ve fiyatlar genel düzeyine ilişkin 2012-2019 yılları arasında üçer aylık veriler kullanılmıştır. Suriye göçmenlerine ait istatistikler Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteci Örgütü veri tabanından (UNHCR) elde edilmiştir. Diğer bütün değişkenler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu veri tabanından (TÜİK) sağlanmıştır. Suriyeli göçmenlerin Türkiye Ekonomisi üzerine etkisinin analizi için göçün kısa ve uzun dönem etkilerine ayrı ayrı bakılmıştır. Johansen eşbütünleşme, Granger nedensellik, VAR ve Etki-Tepki fonksiyonları modellenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Suriyeli göçmenlerin kısa dönemde ele alınan değişkenler üzerinde Türkiye ekonomisini etkilemediği, ancak etkinin uzun dönemde ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Buna göre göçmen sayısındaki artış; işsizliği güçlü bir şekilde artırırken enflasyon ve konut talebi üzerinde artış yönünde yatay bir seyre neden olmaktadır. Ekonomik büyüme üzerinde ise dönemsel artış ve azalışlara yol açmaktadır. Çalışma, elde edilen analiz sonuçları üzerinden Suriye Mülteci Göçünün önümüzdeki yıllardaki projeksiyonuna ışık tutabilecek politik tasarım ve önerilerle sonlandırılmıştır

Aim: To determine the knowledge and attitudes of nurses and midwives working in obstetrics clinics regarding legal responsibilities in medical errors. Method: This descriptive study was performed with 42 nurses and 67 midwiwes working in the Obstterics, and Gynecology Clinic of a University Hospital. The data were obtained by using an Individual questionnaire, Information Form of Nurses and Midwives Regarding Legal Liability in Medical Errors and the Scale of Attitudes towards Medical Errors. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between nurses and midwives in terms of medical malpractice (p

Abstract In an attempt to increase molecular stability and provide controlled release, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was encapsulated into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles. Both VEGF-free and VEGF-loaded PCL nanoparticles were formulated by w/o/w double emulsion of the dichloromethane-water system in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and rat serum albumin. To achieve the optimal formulation concerning particle size and monodispersity, studies were carried out with different formulation parameters, including PVA concentration, homogenization time and rate. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis showed respectively that particles had a spherical shape with a smooth surface and particle size varying between 58.68-751.9 nm. All of the formulations were negatively charged according to zeta potential analysis. In vitro release study was performed in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C and released VEGF amount was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. At the end of the 35th day, 10% of total encapsulated VEGF was released with a sustained-release profile, which fitted the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The bioactivation of the nanoparticles was evaluated using XTT and ELISA methods. As a result, the released VEGF was biologically active and also VEGF loaded PCL nanoparticles enhanced proliferation of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells in cell culture.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of fresh and frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer deriven from the same ICSI cycle because of male infertility. 2372 couples undergoing a total of 5075 ICSI cycles (2372 fresh + 2703 frozen embryo transfer) were enrolled in the study. Female factor infertility cases were excluded to prevent from the contribution of maternal factors that would influence the outcomes dramatically. Only the cycles for which day 5 blastocyst transfer was performed, had at least 1 surplus blastocyst available for freezing, and had at least one frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle were included in the study. Clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates were compared between fresh and FET cycles. No statistically significant difference was obtained in clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates of fresh versus FET cycles of day 5 transfers, regardless of the number of embryos transferred. According to the results of the recent study, frozen embryo cycles appear to be as effective as fresh ICSI cycles provided that the patients’ embryos can develop into blastocysts, which is proven by using the same patient as the control group regardless of the result of previous ICSI attempt but further research is required to test the efficacy in terms of cost-effectiveness and the duration for conception.

Aim: This study aimed to sonographically examine the fraction of thickening in the respiratory muscles during the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to determine its relationship with the clinical severity of the exacerbation. Methods: This prospective study looked at 159 people over the age of 50 who were diagnosed with COPD using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria and were admitted to the hospital because they were having an acute COPD flare-up. Ultrasonography was used to measure how thick the parasternal intercostals, pectoralis major, and diaphragm muscles were in each patient. Results: Of the patients, 63 had mild, 63 had moderate, and 33 had severe exacerbations. Parasternal intercostal and pectoralis major muscle thickening fractions were significantly higher in moderate and severe exacerbations compared to mild exacerbations, while the diaphragm muscle thickening fraction was significantly lower (p

Introduction: Q fever is a zoonotic disease with a high seroprevalence in our region and a low awareness in our country. Patients who were diagnosed as having Q fever clinically, serologically, and radiologically during 2017-2020 were evaluated retrospectively and classified according to the organ involvement. Materials and Methods: The diagnosis was made according to the radiological, clinical and serological findings of the patient. The patients were distinguished as acute, acute/possible, and chronic/persistent according to phase I and phase II antibody titration. Serological studies were carried out via immune fluorescent method. Patients included in the study were evaluated in terms of age, gender, admission date, organ involvement, responses to treatment, and acute phase indicators. Results: A total of 107 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Sixty three patients (58.9%) were defined as having acute disease, 29 (27.1%) acute/possible disease and 15 (14%) chronic/persistent disease. Patients with acute disease were admitted to the hospital in winter, patients with acute/possible disease were admittedin summer/spring and patients with chronic/persistent disease in summer. Lung involvement was found in 45.8% of patients with positive Q fever serology, kidney involvement in 30.8%, neurological involvement in 29.9%, liver involvement in 22.4%, joint involvement in 18.7%, heart involvement in 5.6%, lymphadenomegaly in 4.7%, and bone involvement in 1.9%. Hepatic involvement was higher in patients with chronic/persistent disease (22.4%), while fever (39.7%) and muscle-joint pain (23.8%) were seen more frequently in patients with acute disease. There were no statistically significant differences in demographical data and levels of acute phase reactants. Conclusion: Since a non-routine test is used in the diagnosis of the disease, occupational exposure should be evaluated in complaints of unknown origin. The patients having unexplained organ involvement and elevated acute phase reactants should be examined serologically for Q fever, especially in endemic areas.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

This study is aimed at examining the manner of use of internet and phone surveys and making suggestions related to sample selection strategies during the COVID-19 outbreak. As the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic spreads worldwide, many researchers are engaged in telephone and internet surveys to assess the socioeconomic impacts of the outbreak of the disease and the emerging needs of societies during this pe- riod. However, the data collection methods requiring access to technology and the ability to use it may lead to under-representativeness of socioeconomically deprived groups. In emergency situations, although this can be a legitimate limitation, it should be reported by the researchers and optimal effort should be made to increase representativeness. In order to ensure that the population is adequately represented with a sample, the choice of survey mode and sampling strategy should be determined based on the research objectives, socio-demographic characteristics of the target population and the available resources. However, most sur- vey research being conducted during the outbreak of COVID-19 disease lack proper justification of the sampling strategy used and neglect to address the limitations due to under-represented communities. This may consequently result in misleading and overgeneralized findings. Therefore, guidance to researchers con- cerning appropriate survey methods and sample selection strategies that could be used in surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed.The comparison of advantages and disadvantages of different survey stra- tegies presented in this study are expected to contribute to the methodological literature in data collection.

The term "thyme" does not refer to herbs that belong to a single species. The genera Thymus, Origanum, Satureja and Thymbra of the family Labiatae are traditionally named as thyme and locally known as 'kekik'. Unlike Turkey, these species are globally called differently. Spices made of Origanum, Thymus and Satureja are called oregano, thyme and savory, respectively. It is often difficult to differentiate them because of their similar smell and appearance. Most commercial products traded as a mixture of those genera and the mixing together of different species may lead to economically motivated adulteration and a product of reduced value. The species were analysed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS and a comprehensive statistical workflow was designed. The data of methanolic extracts were assessed and an extraction algorithm was employed for the processing of raw data. Five species were discriminated using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results of PCA and HCA were consistent with each other. Twenty-one metabolites were determined for the discrimination.

Objective: To investigate the etiologic, demographic, and clinical features of patients who were diagnosed as having acute stroke in the emergency department and thus, we aimed to contribute to the stroke data of our country, primarily to the data of our region. Materials and Methods: This study was retrospectively conducted on the data of 236 patients who were diagnosed as having acute stroke and admitted to the emergency department between January 1st, 2017, and December 31st, 2018. Results: Of the patients, 210 (88.9%) were diagnosed as having ischemic stroke and 26 were diagnosed as having hemorrhagic stroke (11.1%). One hundred six (44.9%) of the patients were admitted to the hospital within the first 4.5 hours, 130 (55.1%) - arrived to the hospital after 4.5 hours. Two hundred five (86.9%) patients were discharged from the hospital, and 31 (13.1%) patients died. Hypertension was found to be the most common risk factor among patients, followed by smoking. The highest number of patients was admitted during summer with a rate of 29.7%. Atrial fibrillation was found to be an independent risk factor of mortality in patients with acute stroke and increased the odds of mortality by 3.18 (p=0.008). Conclusion: Although our study reflects a large part of the stroke data of the Bolu province, it gives valuable results for the Western Black Sea region.

Abstract Background Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies comprise a group of six rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by insufficient synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin due to a disturbance of BH4 biosynthesis or recycling. Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the first diagnostic hallmark for most BH4 deficiencies, apart from autosomal dominant guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I deficiency and sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Early supplementation of neurotransmitter precursors and where appropriate, treatment of HPA results in significant improvement of motor and cognitive function. Management approaches differ across the world and therefore these guidelines have been developed aiming to harmonize and optimize patient care. Representatives of the International Working Group on Neurotransmitter related Disorders (iNTD) developed the guidelines according to the SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) methodology by evaluating all available evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of BH4 deficiencies. Conclusion Although the total body of evidence in the literature was mainly rated as low or very low, these consensus guidelines will help to harmonize clinical practice and to standardize and improve care for BH4 deficient patients.

Ülkemizde küçükbaş hayvan sayısı her geçen gün çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı azalmaktadır. Küçükbaş hayvan sayısının azalmasına paralel olarak, hayvansal üretimde de önemli azalmalar görülmektedir. Küçükbaş hayvan sayısının azalmasını önlemenin bir yolu da hastalıklarla ilgili tahmin ve analizlerin başarılı bir şekilde yapılabilmesidir. Makine öğrenmesi ile yapılan bilgisayar destekli tanı çalışmaları sayesinde, sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesi artarken sağlık sektöründeki maliyetler azalmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri ile kuzularda erken hastalık teşhisi yapmaktır. Bunun için çalışmada karar ağaçları, saf bayes, k-en yakın komşu, yapay sinir ağları ve rassal orman yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırma yöntemlerinin performansları doğruluk, dengeli doğruluk, seçicilik, duyarlılık, F-ölçütü, kappa ve ROC eğrisi altında kalan alan (AUC) ölçütleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda bilgisayar destekli tanı için Saf bayes yöntemi diğer yöntemlerden daha başarılı sonuçlar üretmiştir. Basit ve uygulaması kolay olan Saf bayes yöntemin diğer karmaşık yöntemlerden daha başarılı sonuçlar elde etmesi oldukça önemlidir.

Ülkemizde küçükbaş hayvan sayısı her geçen gün çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı azalmaktadır. Küçükbaş hayvan sayısının azalmasına paralel olarak, hayvansal üretimde de önemli azalmalar görülmektedir. Küçükbaş hayvan sayısının azalmasını önlemenin bir yolu da hastalıklarla ilgili tahmin ve analizlerin başarılı bir şekilde yapılabilmesidir. Makine öğrenmesi ile yapılan bilgisayar destekli tanı çalışmaları sayesinde, sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesi artarken sağlık sektöründeki maliyetler azalmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri ile kuzularda erken hastalık teşhisi yapmaktır. Bunun için çalışmada karar ağaçları, saf bayes, k-en yakın komşu, yapay sinir ağları ve rassal orman yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırma yöntemlerinin performansları doğruluk, dengeli doğruluk, seçicilik, duyarlılık, F-ölçütü, kappa ve ROC eğrisi altında kalan alan (AUC) ölçütleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda bilgisayar destekli tanı için Saf bayes yöntemi diğer yöntemlerden daha başarılı sonuçlar üretmiştir. Basit ve uygulaması kolay olan Saf bayes yöntemin diğer karmaşık yöntemlerden daha başarılı sonuçlar elde etmesi oldukça önemlidir.

The aim of this study was to investigate hope and hopelessness in infertile women by using Seligman’s theory of “learned helplessness”. The study was conducted using a phenomenological research design. Fifteen infertile women whose treatment had failed were purposively selected. Data were collected via a semi-structured interview technique. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The main themes relating to hope were individual and social/environmental factors; the main themes relating to hopelessness were individual and so-cial/environmental factors, and the treatment processes. The infertile women made more statements expressing their sense of hopelessness than hope. Women experienced fluctuating feelings during treatment and that unsuccessful treatment resulted in a sense of hopelessness and helplessness. Hope-lessness experienced as a result of negative unsuccessful experiences of treatment leads to feelings of helplessness by suggesting to infertile women that their treatment will fail and that they will not be able to live a successful life. These feelings cause women to cease treatment. Health professionals need to take infertile women’s psychological needs into account and consider their personal feelings and values.