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20 centavos: a luta contra o aumento, diferentemente das publicações voltadas à análise pura e simples dos acontecimentos, dedica-se a um relato dos embates políticos diários em São Paulo, a partir de documentos, lembranças dos participantes e entrevistas com os principais protagonistas – Movimento Passe Livre (MPL), prefeitura [PT] e governo do Estado de São Paulo [PSDB], polícia militar, meios de comunicação, PT, poder legislativo. A narrativa começa no dia 6 de junho e termina no dia 19, quando é anunciada a redução da tarifa.

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"Noticias falsas" es un término que originalmente fue difundido en la cobertura periodística de las elecciones presidenciales estadounidenses de 2016. Hay un gran debate en las ciencias sociales y la comunicación sobre la pertinencia de este concepto. Creemos que el fenómeno al que se quiere hacer referencia es mejor comprendido mediante el concepto "medios híper partidistas" que una parte de la literatura académica ha adoptado. Creemos también que la aparición del híper partidismo debe ser entendido como un efecto de la polarización de la esfera pública. En este artículo analizamos la difusión de noticias híper partidistas en la semana que antecedió a la votación del juicio del expresidente Lula en el TRF-4 (Tribunal Regional Federal de la 4 región) y mostramos como los titulares de los asuntos más compartidos encajan en las dos narrativas polarizadas que se han apoderado de la esfera pública brasileña. Concluimos el artículo evaluando posibles acciones regulatorias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "fake news" began to be widely used in the press coverage of the 2016 US presidential elections. There is much debate in the social sciences and communications fields about the applicability of this concept. We believe that the term "hyper-partisan media", which is used in part of the literature, provides a better understanding of the phenomenon. We also argue that it is important to understand that hyper-partisanship emerged as a result of the polarisation of the public sphere. In this article, we analyse the dissemination of hyper-partisan news one week before the judges' vote in the trial of former president Lula at the TRF-4 (Tribunal Regional Federal da 4a regido, or the Federal Regional Court of the 4th Region). We show how the headlines of the stories that were shared the most on social media during that period fit into one of the two polarised narratives currently dominating the Brazilian public sphere. We conclude the article with an assessment of possible approaches to regulation on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article aims to discuss what we call environmental opacity, a condition of mobile instant messaging services (MIMS) that operates on the basis of end-to-end encryption systems. Utilizing WhatsApp as a specific example, the article presents two fundamental dilemmas around which some issues concerning transparency are mobilized when it comes to digital private communication. The first of them relates to how end-to-end encryption has simultaneously become an asset and a problem for democratic environments; on the one hand, protecting users’ privacy, and on the other, allowing for the circulation of misinformation and harmful content. The second dilemma deals with how this environment of opacity impacts the ethics and transparency of scholarly research focused on WhatsApp and other MIMSs. The paper also reviews an extensive body of studies that discuss the political uses of WhatsApp in different dimensions, and argues that emerging countries with large user bases, such as Brazil and India, have experienced a series of negative effects after the adoption of WhatsApp by politically oriented groups. Among the main proposals, the article suggests some measures to foster platform transparency and facilitate scientific research instead of hindering it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much scholarship on the far right focuses on Europe and North America, whereas case studies outside of these regions are often neglected or not recognized as constituting the same phenomenon. In this article, we compare two democracies in the Global South—India and Brazil—to showcase far-right movements within these countries. We situate the "postcolonial neoliberal nationalism" that has shaped the basis of far-right claims in India and Brazil. To illuminate this, we explore female social media influencers within these far-right milieus, and their role in the reproduction of gender, class, and racial hierarchies. Combined with this are insights from media studies on influencer culture as a means of analyzing the performativity of far-right women to advance exclusionary agendas. Overall, we highlight the inherent contradictions and complexity of how far-right female influencers in the Global South are promoting local expressions of gendered indigeneity while also contributing to global far-right narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An analysis of more than 2,000 speeches and social media posts on foreign policy issues from four members of Jair Bolsonaro's government from January 2019 to December 2020 suggests that a conspiracy theory called "globalism," which explains current events using a series of intrigues and stratagems carried out by fictitious enemies to undermine the national order, has not only taken root in Brazil's foreign policy narrative but consistently been used over time by the cabinet members responsible for that policy. It also indicates that the use of "globalism" is not just a political strategy to persuade voters but a worldview embedded in Bolsonaro's far-right cabinet. Uma análise de mais de 2.000 discursos e posts provenientes de redes sociais sobre questões da política externa do Brasil por quatro membros do gabinete do governo de Jair Bolsonaro de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020 indica que a teoria de conspiração denominada "globalismo," que explica atualidades em termos de uma série de intrigas e estratégias implementadas por inimigos fictícios para minar a ordem nacional, não se arreigou apenas na narrativa exibida na política exterior brasileira mas também se utilizou há anos pelos mesmos membros do gabinete que são responsáveis por sua elaboração. Isso significa que o uso do "globalismo" não é só uma estratégia política para convencer eleitores mas é também uma visão do mundo que é enraizada no gabinete de Bolsonaro cuja origem reside na extreme direita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]