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16th International Congress of Toxicology (ICT) - Uniting in Toxicology -- SEP 18-21, 2022 -- Maastricht, NETHERLANDS, [No Abstract Available], Int Union Toxicol,Federat European Toxicologists,European Soc Toxicol

[No Abstract Available], Aliye Uster Foundation, This study was supported by Aliye Uster Foundation. Akbiyik Et (R) was acknowledged for providing the fresh bovine eyes and optic nerve tissues.

Oxidative stress is defined as a disturbance in the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in favor of the former and a loss of control over redox signaling processes, leading to potential biomolecular damage. It is involved in the etiology of many diseases, varying from diabetes to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor and reported as one of the most important oxidative stress regulators. Due to its regulatory role in the expression of numerous cytoprotective genes involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, the modulation of NRF2 seems to be a promising approach in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Breast cancer is the prevalent type of tumor in women and is the leading cause of death among female cancers. Oxidative stress-related mechanisms are known to be involved in breast cancer, and therefore, NRF2 is considered to be beneficial in its prevention. However, its overactivation may lead to a negative clinical impact on breast cancer therapy by causing chemoresistance. Some known "oxidative stress modulators", such as melatonin and polyphenols, are suggested to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cancer, where the activation of NRF2 is reported as a possible underlying mechanism. In the present review, the potential involvement of oxidative stress and NRF2 in breast cancer will be reviewed, and the role of the NRF2 modulators-namely, polyphenols and melatonin-in the treatment of breast cancer will be discussed.

56th Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology (EUROTOX) - Toxicology of the Next Generation -- SEP 27-OCT 01, 2021 -- ELECTR NETWORK, [No Abstract Available], European Soc Toxicol

With China’s rise, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) has become one of the most prominent central banks in the world. The chapter emphasizes the evolving nature of the bank with a discussion of its history, organizational locus, and functions. The chapter emphasizes the embeddedness of the PBOC in the Chinese political economy and illustrates the impact of the “new era” on its operations. The reorientation of the economy towards a more sustainable economic model, centralization in decision-making, and a more assertive foreign policy stance in the “new era” brings opportunities for a more market-oriented central banking and increases the risk of diminishing operational independence.

The compounds reducing tumor cell viability and disrupting DNA topoisomerase reactions have been widely used in anticancer drug development. Ellipticine (5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole) is a potent intercalating agent that interferes with nucleic acid processing through interaction with DNA topoisomerase II. Although ellipticine is a well-characterized compound, it is not a widely-accepted drug due to the adverse effects detected upon administration. We have previously reported two novel ellipticine derivatives, N-methyl-5-demethyl ellipticine (ET-1) and 2-methyl-N-methyl-5-demethyl ellipticinium iodide (ET-2) as potent compounds targeting DNA topoisomerase II. This study covers an extended synthesis, characterization, and activity data for five new salts of N-methyl 5-demetyl ellipticine (Z-1, Z-2, Z-4, Z-5 and Z-6) having several organic halides and their effects on human topoisomerase II enzymes. Moreover, combined in silico studies were conducted for better understanding of modes of action of studied molecules at the binding pocket of target. Our results showed that three of the derivatives (Z-1, Z-2, and Z-6) have considerable effect on the catalytic activity of human topoisomerase II implying the influence of alkyl groups added to the parental structure of ellipticine. C1 [Kuskucu, M.; Topcu, Z.] Ege Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Biotechnol, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. [Akyildiz, V.; Ergun, Y.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, TR-35160 Izmir, Turkey. [Kulmany, A.; Zupko, I.] Univ Szeged, Inst Pharmacodynam, Fac Pharm, BioPharm, H-6720 Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. [Zencir, S.] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biol, TR-20070 Denizli, Turkey. [Durdagi, S.; Zaka, M.; Sahin, K.] Bahcesehir Univ, Sch Med,Dept BioPhys,Mol Simulat Lab, Computat Biol, TR-34734 Istanbul, Turkey. [Orhan, H.] Ege Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Toxicol, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey.

WOS: 000385563900007, The aim of this study was to identify and compare bone age assessments of Turkish children in regions of Central Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia using the Greulich-Pyle (GP) method. Evaluation was made of 849 (375 boys, 514 girls) adolescents aged between 9 and 17years, who lived in two geographically different regions of Turkey. The selection criteria included normal growth and development, a state of good physical and mental health with no previous history of chronic or acute illnesses, no past trauma or injury to the hand-wrist region, no congenital or acquired malformations of the hand-wrist area, no hormonal disorders, and good quality hand-wrist radiographs. Bone age (BA) was evaluated using the GP method from definitive radiographs of the left hand-wrist. The total mean differences between BA and chronological age (CA) for girls and boys were found to be 1.19 +/- 1.2 (p0.05) and -0.10 +/- 0.3 (p>0.05) years in the Central Anatolia region. There were significant differences between BA and CA in all age groups for girls and boys in Malatya (a city in the Eastern Anatolia region) and in 10 and 13year olds for girls and 12, 13, 15, and 16year olds for boys in Sivas (a city in the Central Anatolia region). Statistically significant differences were determined between the BA and CA of the subjects living in Malatya and Sivas (p