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Purpose: To determine impact of various planning tumour volume (PTV) margins on final dose distribution in patients with maximal intrafraction prostate displacement. Materials: We analyzed data of 15 prostate cancer patients with maximal (значения) prostate intrafraction displacement registered during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) — 5 fractions of 7.25 Gy. Prostate displacement was determined by cone beam CT that was performed before and after each fraction. Modeling of dose distribution considering prostate displacement was performed for every fraction by isocenter shift. Final dose distribution was calculated as the sum of all fractions and was evaluated for PTV with various margins: 5-5-5-3, 3-3-3-1, 5-5-5 and cropped rectum. Results: The dosimetric impact of maximal intrafraction prostate motion was minimal for target coverage even for PTV with minimal margins (3 in all directions and 1 mm — posterior): CTV V100% varied from 97.5 to 100%. Prostate displacement reduced the dose to the rectum in all but minimal doses were detected for PTV 3-3-3-1: average D2cc — 31.87 Gy (28.41–34.05). For PTV 3-3-3-1 average bladder V100% volume slightly increased from 3.67 (SBRT plan) to 4.87 cc (simulation of intrafraction prostate displacement). Conclusions: The dosimetric impact of maximal intrafraction prostate motion was minimal for target coverage and doses in rectum and bladder even for PTV with minimal (3-3-3-1) margins.

Leukemia occupies a leading place in the structure of infectious diseases of cattle, as it causes significant economic damage to livestock and poses a serious social danger. The dynamics of infection with the bovine leukemia virus (LV) have been studied in the Krasnodar Territory for ten years. A decrease in the level of infection of animals with the bovine leukemia virus was noted at livestock enterprises in the public sector and in breeding farms. In the individual sector, due to an imperfect animal insurance system, farmers try to keep IDT+ animals on their farms. Some progress in reducing the infection of cattle with the leukemia virus in the Krasnodar Territory has been achieved through a whole range of measures. This includes the publication of relevant regulations governing the solution of this problem by the state and regional authorities, the coordination of recreational activities by scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences and employees of the Department of Veterinary Medicine, propaganda work among the population and heads of livestock enterprises, and the introduction by veterinary specialists of modern methods of the early diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus. The order of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 156 dated 03/24/2021 became a timely document to reduce the time of the recovery of cattle from leukemia in Russia. It significantly tightens the requirements to the terms of recovery, regulates the introduction of new methods of the early diagnosis of leukemia. As a part of the implementation of the research topic, the authors proposed a new diagnostic kit for the detection of bovine LV provirus in finished dairy products, which makes it possible to accelerate the identification of infected animals in farms that supply products to dairy plants, and in general, accelerates the elimination of leukemia in Russia.

Электронный учебный курс «Экономика» составлен в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования по специальностям:31.05.01 Лечебное дело,31.05.02 Педиатрия,31.05.03 Стоматология,37.05.01 Клиническая психология(уровень специалитет).Электронный курс предназначен для овладения студентами необходимых теоретических и практических знаний и умений по экономике с целью формирования экономической культуры, в том числе финансовой грамотности и способности принимать обоснованные экономические решения в различных областях жизнедеятельности.

Introduction: The practice of using Fourier-processing of finite two-dimensional signals (including images), having confirmed its effectiveness, revealed a number of negative effects inherent in it. A well-known method of dealing with negative effects of Fourier-processing is padding signals with zeros. However, the use of this operation leads to the need to provide information control systems with additional memory and perform unproductive calculations. Purpose: To develop new discrete Fourier transforms for efficient and effective processing of two-dimensional signals padded with zero samples. Method: We have proposed a new method for splitting a rectangular discrete Fourier transform matrix into square matrices. The method is based on the application of the modulus comparability relation to order the rows (columns) of the Fourier matrix. Results: New discrete Fourier transforms with variable parameters were developed, being a generalization of the classical discrete Fourier transform. The article investigates the properties of Fourier transform bases with variable parameters. In respect to these transforms, the validity has been proved for the theorems of linearity, shift, correlation and Parseval's equality. In the digital spectral Fourier analysis, the concepts of a parametric shift of a two-dimensional signal, and a parametric periodicity of a two-dimensional signal have been introduced. We have estimated the reduction of the required memory size and the number of calculations when applying the proposed transforms, and compared them with the discrete Fourier transform. Practical relevance: The developed discrete Fourier transforms with variable parameters can significantly reduce the cost of Fourier processing of two-dimensional signals (including images) padded with zeros.

Transport and communication infrastructure plays an important role in ensuring economic growth, also in the context of the Wuhan coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spread worldwide. The role of the communication component increases with the epidemic and the associated restrictive measures, which replace, to a certain extent, the transport component. We offer an econometric study of the macroeconomic production function in the Russian Federation with transport and communication infrastructure (the fixed assets average annual value of the Russian transport and communications sectors) for 1990–2018. The arguments for this function are the average annual value of fixed assets in constant 1990 prices, the average annual rate of the use of production capacities in Russian industry, the average annual number of people employed in the national economy, the average annual value of fixed assets of transport and communications in constant 1990 prices. Our research demonstrates that in 2010–2018 the GDP elasticity to production infrastructure was decreasing. We explain this by the reduction in the volume of capital investments in the infrastructure sector’s fixed assets. In addition, we offer an analytical modification of the macroeconomic production function for 2020 in the context of the spread of the Wuhan coronavirus among the Russian population by introducing into this function the average annual rates of labor and infrastructure capacity use, which, along with the average annual rate of fixed assets capacity use are functions of the predicted values of the daily number of the infected Russian citizens. These predicted values are calculated by the time dependent Gaussian quadratic exponent estimated by the least squares. We present the accuracy of the forecast results for the 2020 spring trends of the daily number of Russian and Moscow population infected with the Wuhan coronavirus. The average APE forecast error for 30 days ahead for Russia is 10.4% and the same for five weeks for Moscow is 10%. Moreover, we make forecasts of the officially published daily number of infected Russian population for fall 2020 – spring 2021.

Purpose. Assess the safety of postoperative radiation therapy on the area of the prostate bed (PB) using extreme dose hypofractionation (5 fractions of 6.67 Gr). Materials and methods. from April 2019 to March 2020 at the National Medical Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the first 15 patients of the prostate cancer carried out stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) on the PB. Depending on the clinical situation, adjuvant and salvage SRT were distinguished. Linear electron accelerators with 6 MeV energy are used for treatment. Three factional regimes were evaluated: 5 factions of 6.6 Gr, 5 factions of 6.8 Gr and 5 factions of 7 Gr. The clinical target volume is defined by RTOG (2010). Results. The median of follow-up was 7.6 (1.3-11.6) months. Of the 15 patients, adjuvant SRT performed three observed, and the remaining 12 patients salvage SRT (4 early, 8 delayed). Acute radiation toxicity was estimated in 12 patients. Early impairment from the lower urinary tract 1 degree was observed in 8 (66.7%) 12 of them. Toxicity of 2 or more degree in the early period was not observed. Clinical signs of early 1st degree toxicity from the rectum were found in five (41.7%) of the bowel of the 12 observed. One patient (8.3%) there was a mixture of blood in the feces, which required a medical correction, which was considered as toxicity of the 2nd degree. Conclusions. Postoperative SRT of the PB region is a promising modern method of radiation treatment of patients with prostate cancer. The presented methods of adjuvant and salvage SRT are feasible in clinical practice and are characterized by an acceptable level of early radiation toxicity.

In 5 year 180 patients (89 men and 91 women) underwent radiosurgery of brain metastases. Most patients had breast cancer and less than 5 lesions. Median overall survival (MOS) was 12,5 months, median progression free survival (MPFS) - 6,1 months. Both values were higher in patients with solitary lesions: 22.5 vs 10 months (р=0.00703) and 9 vs 6 months (р=0.02787), respectively.MOS was 18 in women with breast cancer, 12 months in patients with non small cell lung cancer. 8 - with melanoma and only 4 months - for small cell lung cancer. MPFS was significantly shorter for lesions volumes above 15 cm3. In field progression was detected in 37 (2-24 months after treatment) of 180 cases (20,5%). Second radiosurgery was performed in 24 cases.

We analyze ground temperatures measured daily at depths of 0–10 m in the Nadym region, north‐west Siberia (65°18′N, 72°6′E). Nadym is located within the discontinuous permafrost zone and the forest–tundra transition subzone, thus representing an area threatened by permafrost thawing. Soil comprises a 0.4–1.0‐m‐thick topmost layer of peat with high porosity (~0.9), underlain by layers of mineral soil (sand, clay, loam) with lower porosities of 0.3–0.4. With a numerical heat transfer model, we provide predictions of general permafrost development for the next 300 years. Furthermore, we apply the model with the same time frame, to predict permafrost evolution in two monitoring boreholes (BH) in the Nadym area, BH 1‐09 and 3‐09 with present (2012–2016) temperatures at the top of the permafrost (TTOP) of −2.0 and 0.0 °C, respectively. Applying a mild warming trend (0.02 °C/yr in mean annual air temperature [MAAT], corresponding to the IPCC representative concentration pathway trend RCP 2.6) does not lead to thawing of permafrost during the applied 300 years of simulation time in BH 1‐09, whereas in BH 3‐09 thawing has already begun. Applying a strong warming trend of 0.05 °C/yr in MAAT (corresponding to RCP 8.5) leads to gradual thawing of permafrost in both boreholes.

Sour ales, traditionally produced in Belgium, Britain, and Germany, have gained wide popularity in America, Europe, and Russia. The paper provides generalized and systematized scientific data related to the technological and biotechnological characteristics of raw materials used in sour ales. The study featured malt, grain products (wheat, corn, rice, barley, rye, and oats), hop, Lactobacillus lactic-acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae brewer’s yeast, and Brettanomyces yeast. Sour ales are usually prepared from a combination of different malts, such as Pilsner, Vienna, and Munich. Pilsner is used for malt type, while Munich is mostly employed as a basisfor dark varieties of sour ales. The review presents some of the flavor characteristics of malt types, as well as their recommended content. Unmalted grain products have a significant impact on the technological process and the organoleptic characteristics of acid ales. Unmalted wheat is used for Belgian sour ales, such as Lambic, Fruit Lambic, and Gueuze, in the amount of 30–40%, while 50 % are used in the German variety of Berliner Weiss. In general, the degree of wort pitching for sour ales should not exceed 8-15 IBU, since hop acids kill lactic-acid bacteria. Common hop varieties with a low or medium content of α-acids were found optimal for sour ale production. For example, for Flanders Red Ale, producers most often use one of the best traditional European varieties, namely Saazer (Zatetsky).The following types of homo- and heterofermentative lactic-acid bacteria are recommended for ale production technology: Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus plantarum. The aromatic characteristics of the wort fermented with lactic acid bacteria are described in the following terms: bread, yeast, honey, oil, cider, etc. Lactic acid bacteria are used in sour ales production, as well as Brettanomyces yeasts. Currently, brewing widely employstwo types of yeast: Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Brettanomyces anomalus. They give the drink a specific taste and aroma, due to hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) and esters (ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, phenylacetate, etc.). The paper contains some practical recommendations on the use of specific types of raw materials to produce sour ales with a given sensory profile.

The main purpose of the study was to determine distribution of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with tongue cancer. SPECT-CT visualization of sentinel lymph nodes was performed in 19 primary patients with clinically T1-2N0M0 tongue cancer. SPECT-CT acquisition started 60-120 min after peritumoral injections of 99mTc-nannocolloids (100-150MBq in 0.3-0.4ml). Finally we analyzed lymph flow patterns and localization of lymph nodes with radiocolloids uptake. Bilateral lymph flow from the tongue cancer was detected in 9 (47%) of 19 patients. In 6 cases bilateral pattern was associated with tumors less than 5mm from medial sulcus of the tongue. On the contrary, in 9 of 10 patients with lesions more than 4mm from medial sulcus we detected monolateral lymph-flow. In 4 (21%) of 19 patients SPECT-CT visualized sentinel lymph nodes only in groups Ib-IIa. Modeling of radiotherapy with with standard and lymph-flow guided radiation fields was performed on Eclips treatment planning station. It demonstrated that with lymph-flow guided strategy irradiated volumes can be reduced from 1224 cm3 to 367 cm3, dose to spinal cord can be reduced from 24,7Gy to 14.3Gy, medial dose to contralateral parotid gland - from 24,6Gy to 12,4 Gy. SPECT-CT with radiocolloids can be successfully used for visualization of lymph flow from the primary tumour and subsequent radiotherapy planning.

Fourier-processing of finite discrete two-dimensional signals (FDTD signals) (including images) in informational control systems (IC systems) is the most important method for studying processes and analyzing information. The theoretical basis of Fourier-processing of FDTD signals is two-dimensional discrete Fourier transforms. The practice of using Fourier - processing of finite two-dimensional signals (including images), having confirmed its effectiveness, revealed a number of negative effects inherent in it. In order to solve this problem, the authors have developed new discrete Fourier transforms with variable parameters were developed (2D DFT-VP). The purpose of this work is to study the properties of two-dimensional discrete exponential functions with a variable parameter in the spatial-frequency domain. The introduction of discrete exponential functions with a variable parameter makes it possible to generalize the concept of periodicity of the DEF-VP system. Recall that the periodicity of the DEF system in the classical DFT is understood as a periodic continuation of the DEF system outside the interval of N samples. Moreover, the system of discrete basis functions in the classical DFT does not contain discontinuities. In the case of DFT-VP, for the DEF-VP system to be inseparable, the periodicity should be understood as parametric periodicity. The parametric periodicity of discrete exponential functions with a variable parameter is understood as their periodic continuation with rotation in complex space by a certain angle. Note that the introduced concept of parametric periodicity is valid for 1D and 2D real and complex functions. The theorems of linearity, shift, and correlation are proved for Fourier transforms with variable parameters.

The practice of using Fourier - processing of finite two-dimensional signals (including images), having confirmed its effectiveness, revealed a number of negative effects inherent in it. The purpose of this paper is to develop new discrete Fourier transforms for efficient and effective processing of two-dimensional signals. We have proposed a new method for splitting a rectangular discrete Fourier transform matrix into square matrices. Methods are based on the application of the modulus comparability relation to order the rows (columns) of the Fourier matrix. New discrete Fourier transforms with variable parameters were developed. The proposed discrete Fourier transforms with variable parameters are a generalization of the classical discrete Fourier transform. The developed discrete Fourier transforms with variable parameters can significantly reduce the cost of Fourier - processing of two-dimensional signals (including images), padded with zeros.

The article discusses the data preparation module of the automated metallurgical production system, which provides data to obtain from heterogeneous sources (ASS, CIS, MES, ERP systems ), convert heterogeneous data into a convenient form for subsequent storing, configure the converting rules and output heterogeneous data relevant to the query. Proposed components of the data preparation module: logical structure of data preparation module, algorithm of data preparation module operation, the link with simulation modeling and other modules, the list of technical equipment. A fragment of the interface of the data preparation module is being converted.

The main goal of the article is to study gender differences in employee job satisfaction in context of production processes digitalization. The article provides review of modern approaches to factors of job satisfaction, including gender. Particular attention is paid to studying the experience of personnel job satisfaction management of Russian large enterprises and to the results of a personnel survey taking into account gender differences in context of digitalization of a particular enterprise. The survey methodology can provide relevant information for making point-based management decisions in digitalization conditions. Based on the synthesis of theory and practice, the authors have developed a number of practical recommendations aimed at improving the staff job satisfaction management in a gender aspect with respect to digitalization. It is shown that the effectiveness of the job satisfaction management depends, in particular, on timely decision-making based on monitoring results and targeted approach to staff. The main problems in this regard are the blurring of gender differences, the underestimation by the company government of the job satisfaction level and neglect to the potential of the digital working conditions and the digital environment.

The work is aimed at developing the method of polarization-based visualization for non-invasive study of human skin health. Using this method, it is possible to visualize the area of subcutaneous lesions without the need for additional skin trauma. In this work we suggested the experimental setup and method of image processing. In the work we compared polarimetric images of skin and phantoms registered in white and infrared light. The results demonstrated that the polarization visualization method allows identifying and distinguishing tissues located in the upper and lower layers of the skin and. Visible spectrum of light is better for skin surface analyzing, while infrared light should be used for detecting of structures in the skin depth.

The article demonstrates the change in the spectrum of informative signals during the simulation of work (reading or writing information) of a hard disk drive in its different areas with the help of specialized software from the composition of software and hardware complexes for the engineering research and the research of a transient electromagnetic pulse emanation standard in order to detect possible frequencies of informative signals (which are likely to leak the processed information including limited distribution). Search for informative signals on a 250 GB hard disk with a SATA 2 interface is performed using the software-defined USRP B210 system and two omni-directional antennas in the range from 34.5 to 6000 MHz. The study shows the imperfection of existing test programs for conducting special studies of hard drives. The range of informative signals varies depending on the location of the file that is accessed, which is not taken into account in the test programs.

The article focuses on the review of foreign training programs in the area of information security which has been tremendously developed over the last years. The authors researched features of foreign curriculum of Bachelor's and Master's degree programs as well as further trainings of professionals in the area of information security. The research compares components of educational programs in three different groups of universities around the world joined according to their location. The approaches to the organisation of trainings for professionals from the initial basic content of the curriculum to the additional courses or the courses of retraining are described. The article also examines the main disciplines presented in the universities of the USA, Europe and other countries where such higher education institutions are established and aimed at the studying the information security discipline. The question of the increasing interconnection of other disciplines with information and computer security is also considered.

This article defines the concepts of heterogeneous data, heterogeneous data warehouse, heterogeneous query, heterogeneous information system. On the example of a metallurgical enterprise, a mathematical model for describing heterogeneous data of technological production is proposed.

The rate of climate warming in North-West Siberia is among the highest in the world and this trend is especially pronounced in summer [1]. Analysis of permafrost thermal conditions in this area provides plausible scenarios of permafrost degradation also elsewhere. An increase in the summer mean temperature together with the prolongation of the warm season results in the increase of the thawing degree-days enhancing thawing of permafrost. Here we present the results of decadal temperature observations from three boreholes near Nadym, North-West Siberia. We further use the results and the observed cryolithological structure of soils in two boreholes to model the long-term evolution of the deep permafrost under two climate scenarios, RCP2.6 (climate action, fast reduction of CO2 emissions) and RCP8.5 (‘business as usual’). Both borehole sites have a topmost high-porosity, high-ice content layer of peat which helps prolonging the degradation. The main difference between the boreholes is snow cover resulting from the difference of borehole positions (one is located on the top of the hill). Our results suggest that under RCP8.5 scenario permafrost will degrade in both boreholes. On the contrary, under RCP2.6 scenario permafrost will degrade in one borehole with the deeper snow cover, where it already shows the signs of degradation. For the other borehole, the model predicts that permafrost will not degrade within the next 300 years, although the permafrost temperatures are eventually above -1°C.[1] Frey K.E. & Smith L.C. Recent temperature and precipitation increases in West Siberia and their association with the Arctic Oscillation. Polar Research 22(2), 287–300 (2003).

The problem solution of two-dimensional signal interpolation on the reference plane in the spatial domain is considered. The difference between the interpolation and approximation problems of two-dimensional discrete signals is shown. The mathematical apparatus of matrix and algebraic descriptions of two-dimensional discrete signals in the spatial and spatial-frequency domain is given. The methods of interpolation of real and complex discrete two-dimensional signals in the spatial domain are developed. The validity, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed interpolation algorithms are illustrated. The results of experimental study using two-dimensional discrete signal model are presented.