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Pandemi Covid -19 menyebabkan dampak ancaman dan penurunan kesehatan dan perekonomian. Pondok Pesantren merupakan salah satu organisai yang terdampak pandemi yakni Pondok Pesantren As-Syifa yang membimbing 59 anak yatim dan dhuafa di Kecamatan Majalaya Kabupaten Bandung. Pondok pesantren yang menjalankan usaha mandiri dalam wadah koperasi pondok pesantren (kopotren) yaitu konveksi baju anak dan remaja sempat mengalami kesulitan karena dampak pandemi. Dosen dan mahasiswa Universitas Islam Nusantarabeserta pondok pesantren melakukan alih usaha untuk secara mandiri mengelola pondoknya. Usaha pembuatan masker dan face shield yang sekaligus menjadi penguatan kontribusi dalam mengatasi sebaran pandemi Covid -19 nyata telah memberikan hasil, Dengan penghasilan dari usaha ini selama 1 tahun pondemi pondok pesantren tetap berkecukupan dan mandiri.

Di dalam lingkungan globalisasi terjadi interkoneksipengaruh dari faktor-faktor politik, teknologi, budayadan ekonomi. Hal itu difasilitasi oleh dominasi kemajuanpeningkatan komunikasi dan teknologi sedemikianrupa sehingga menghasilkan uncertainty, complexity dancompetition (Silalahi, 2010). Memperhatikan perkembanganglobalisasi tersebut, maka kepemimpinan nasional harusmempunyai pandangan jauh ke depan atau mempunyaivisi jelas, yang mampu menjangkau ketidak menentuandalam lingkungan yang cepat berubah. Kepemimpinannasional tersebut memerlukan suatu sistem manajemennasional (Sismennas) untuk menjalankan mekanisme sikluspenyelenggaraan negara dan dapat mengge rakkan seluruhtatanan untuk mengantisipasi perubahan dan mendukungkeberlangsungan kehidupan nasional.Iwan Nugroho. 2010. Kepemimpinan Visioner dan Reformasi Birokrasi. Majalah Perencanaan Pembangunan-BAPPENAS Jakarta. 16(3):2-5. ISSN: 0854-3709

This research aimed to implement demand approach on water supply development in East Java province. Data collecting is conducted through field and institutional survey to obtain actual and behavioral variables. System analysis is operated to project the water supply development dynamically, during 1993 to 2010 periods. Study involved variables and equation model in four submodels, i.e. (i) final demand and regional GDP, (ii) production and investment, (iii) population and household, and (iv) Surabaya’s raw water. Result of research showed that water supply development based on demand approach succeded to create significant incentive through water price and management improvement policy. The result showed that pricing policy and PDAM’s management improvement succeeded to create a significant incentive for the water supply development. The policies of price growth 2 percent and gradual decreasing of unaccounted for water into 30 percent have produced a decrease in investment requirement, water demand, and production capacity of 86, 78 and 59 percent lower than existing policy. The policy also performed an increase in Kali Surabaya’s water quality. Private sector participation in water supply sector is a key word for improving efficiency and management, decreasing unaccounted for water, and creating investment.Iwan Nugroho. 2001. Pendekatan Permintaan Dalam Pengembangan Sektor Air Bersih Di Propinsi Jawa Timur. Journal of Regional and City Planning, ITB Bandung. 12(4): 200-2009

Jawa Timur memiliki potensi pengembangan ekowisata yang menjanjikan. Ada beberapa alasan yang endasarinya. Pertama, geografi Jawa Timur berdekatandengan wilayah tujuan wisata Bamli, dan Yogyakarta. Wisatawan umumnya menganggap Jawa Timur sebagai tujuan antara atau pelengkap dari tujuan utama yang direncanakan. Kedua, Jawa Timur memiliki empat taman nasional (TN) sebagai wilayah tujuan ekowisata, yakni TN Bromo Tengger Semeru, TN Meru Betiri, TN Baluran dan TN Alas Purwo. Secara umum empat TN tersebut belummenghasilkan manfaat yang signifikan kecuali manfaat ekologi. Ketiga, faktor sosial di sekitar wilayah TN perlu mendapat perhatian agar berdampak kepada kesejahteraan. Penduduk di sekitar wilayah TN umumnya bekerja dalam sektor pertanian dengan kemampuan usaha tani yang rendah. Hutan dan lingkungan sekitarnya perlu dikelola sebaik mungkin agar menghasilkan manfaat nyata.

Ekowisata menjadi sektor yang diandalkan dalam pembangunan ekonomi, meningkatkan kesejahteraan sekaligus menjamin sistainability pembangunan

The research was aimed to study demand and willingness to pay of household’s pipe water in Bengkulu. Survey was conducted on the household whose pipe and unpipe water connection. Analysis methods were pipe water demand and qualitative choice model. The research result showed that household connecting pipe water consumed on average amount of 19.9 m 3 per month. Meanwhile, water demand was significantly affected by price (with elasticity of–1,95) and income of 0.103. Amount of 90 percentage ofhousehold unconnected pipe water stated their well water under good quality. On the other side, 47 percent of household connecting pipe water stated the same condition. The willingness to pay of pipe water connection positively related with telephone installed and size of land. While, income elasticity of the willingness to pay was found amount of 0.793.Nugroho, I., Nugroho, Y. A., and Zainuddin. 2008. Analisis Permintaan Air Bersih di Kota Bengkulu. MANAJEMEN, AKUNTANSI DAN BISNIS. 6 (1, April 2008): 278-284

This paper studied the influence of asset sustainable livelihood either direct or indirect due to development ofagriculture city. Location of study was at Batu city as one of central agriculture city, East Java Province of Indonesia. Batu was well known either as tourism city or center agriculture city. As center agriculture city was supported by the natural and environmental condition, and public social condition mainly by functioning agricultural area. The methodology consisted of interview, documentation, observation and field survey, collecting secondary data, and then analysis data. Results used as the consideration in the effort of developing center agriculture based on livelihood sustainable approach Otherwise, agricultural business men could develop their business wisely by using the facilities like: the input was agricultural structure; agricultural plantation was on farm, and producing agricultural results as agroindustry.

The research aimed to study factors that effect PDAM’s water demand in kabupaten Jombang. The research have been conducted on the PDAM connected household in kabupaten Jombang, including urban centre and sub urban area. Analysis was accomplished through demand function using multiple regression. Research result showed that the water demand was affected by price (with elasticity value –1.532), house size (with elasticity value 0.341), house property status, the water source type, and education level. On the other side, an average of the household’s water consumption rate reached 18.1 m3 per month, each of 16.9 and 19.9 m3 per month for who live in urban center and sub-urban area respectively. There is no significant different in the water consumption between both areas.Iwan Nugroho. 2005. Permintaan Air Bersih di Kabupaten Jombang. JURNAL ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL – LEMLIT UNIBRAW (Februari 2005) 17(1):110-117. ISSN 1410-413X

The objective of the research was to identify the community participation in the development of ecotourism inTambaksari Village, East Java Indonesia. Results showed that there were obstacles of community participationin ecotourism development. The fundamental obstacles included community participation from planning, decision making and implementation stages. Most of the villagers in Tambaksari were not yet involved in the planning of ecotourism. There were only few villagers involved in the decision-making process. Moreover, not all villagers were involved in ecotourism activities. Ecotourism in Tambaksari, however, has been recognized toprovide benefits to local community. This research confirms that the development of ecotourism programs is able to promote infrastructure development and increase economic earnings. In term of ecotourism evaluation, this research confirms that the majority of the villagers has been involved in the evaluation of ecotourism activities. Results of the study indicate that community participation in ecotourism development in Tambaksari Village requires better improvement, particularly in the beginning of ecotourism development.

This paper studied the level of sustainable livelihood approach astudy was at Batu city as one of central agriculture city, East Java Provineither as tourism city or central agriculture city. As center agriculture cenvironmental condition, and public social condition mainly by functionobserved at the areas of vegetables, flowers, foods, and plantations. Thedocumentation, observation and field survey, collecting secondary data, athe input to develop center agriculture city which was included the replantations. The development was based on Sustainable Livelihood Apprfarmers could develop their areas and get some information about hagriculture center and generally their village. Beside that, it was as an igovernance in long term of period.

Desa Ngadas, kecamatan Poncokusumo, kabupaten Malang terletak di pegunungan Tengger dengan ketinggian 2450 m di atas permukaan laut, merupakan desa tertinggi di pulau Jawa. Desa berpenduduk 1500 jiwa ini berada dalam wilayah Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TN-BTS) (Gambar 1), berjarak sekitar 45 km dari kota Malang atau 90 menit dengan kendaraan bermotor. Pengunjung wisata Bromo atau pendaki Semeru khususnya dari Malang, dipastikan memperoleh kesan mendalam sepanjang perjalanan melewati Ngadas.

Transformasi pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia menarik ditelaah. Bagi Indonesia, transformasi dari sektor pertanian ke industri manufaktur menghadapi kendala yang serius, yakni lemahnya sektor permodalan, ketrampilan maupun entrepreneurship untuk mengolah produk-produk pertanian. Hal ini yang mengakibatkan sebagian besar tenaga kerja masih menggantungkan kepada sektor pertanian. Hanya sebagian kecil saja petani di desa yang sukses berwirausaha mengolah hasil-hasil pertanian. Jalan keluar yang dapat disarankan adalah proses transformasi yang melompat dari pertanian ke sektor jasa. Petani secara berangsur-angsur dapat mengembangkan jasa-jasa lingkungan dan sosial spesifik di wilayahnya masing-masing. Dengan penduduk yang tersebar di sekitar 17 ribu pulau, 470 suku bangsa, 19 daerah hukum adat, dan tidak kurang dari 300 bahasa, serta ragam (warisan) budaya yang tinggi, merupakan aset utama yang dapat dikemas sebagai produk wisata (Ardiwidjaja, 2006). Dengan demikian, petani atau penduduk lokal memiliki pilihan dan ragam produksi tidak hanya dari usaha tani, ikan atau ternak, tetapi juga berasal dari usaha jasa ekowisata maupun penunjang wisata lainnya. Hal ini pada gilirannya akan menghasilkan insentif untuk mengkonservasi sistem produksi pertanian, nilai-nilai tradisi dan budaya serta kelestarian lingkungan. Pemanfaatan konstelasi geografi tersebut dan memperkuat wawasan kebangsaan dan geopolitik Indonesia (Pokja Wasantara, 2010). Pemerintah daerah (pemda) secara langsung atau tidak langsung juga memperoleh manfaat dari kegiatan ekowisata.Iwan Nugroho. 2010. Pengembangan Ekowisata dalam Pembangunan Daerah. Jurnal Pembangunan Daerah. Kementerian Dalam Negeri RI, Jakarta. Edisi 01 tahun 2010. 65-76. ISSN 0216-4052

Pengembangan kewirausahaan dalam jasa ekowisata memerlukan pendekatan yang spesifik. Proses pembelajaran sangat penting agar penduduk lokal secara nyata memahami kewirausahaan ekowisata (Juma and Timmer, 2003). Dengan demikian, usaha ekowisata dapat dimaknai serupa seperti halnya usaha tani yang dapat memberi pekerjaan dan penghidupan, serta menghasilkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan. Tulisan ini mencoba mendeskripsikan karakteristik kewirausahaan ekowisata khususnya dalam hubungannya di antara kewirausahaan individu, masyarakat (sosial) dan pemerintah; didasarkan atas studi empirik di wilayah Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TN BTS).Iwan Nugroho, P.D. Negara dan Y. A. Nugroho. 2009. Karakteristik Kewirausahaan Penduduk Lokal Pada Jasa Ekowisata di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru. Social Economic of Agriculture and Agribusiness (SOCA) Journal, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Denpasar. 9(3): 342-346. ISSN 1411-7177.

Regional competitivesness is originated from an internal forces that produce an added value. The internal forces is based on technological innovation and entrepreneurial abilities (Drabenstott, 2006). The innovation is illustrated as a fuel, while entrepreneurship is the engine. Both are a source of employment, income and welfare. An entrepreneurial ability of local people on ecotourism activities in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTS NP) has developed naturally (Nugroho, 2006; 2007; Nugroho and Negara, 2008). The people are often involved in ecotourism development programs held by the BTS NP. The author’s study (Nugroho, Negara and Purnomowati, 2010) proved that the ecotourism activities were economically viable than the horticultural farm. However, these experiences have not fully produced significant benefits in the development of ecotourism. Characteristic of the ecotourism activities is a cluster (Fodor and Sitanyi, 2008a, 2008b), which always put the local people in a less advantageous position. The ecotourism cluster is an ecotourism organization (Prieto, Gilmore and Osiri, 2009) that involve the local people, non-governmental organizations, private actors, the national parks and government to produce ecotourism entrepreneurship. The result of research the author (Nugroho, Negara and Nugroho, 2009) shows that the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship is an important component of conceptual framework of ecotourism entrepreneurship. This requires all parties to act to be a social entrepreneur in a framework of ecotourism organization.Iwan Nugroho, Purnawan D. Negara, and Wiwin Purnomowati. 2011. INCREASING REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN ECOTOURISM ACTIVITIES. The 3rd IRSA International Institute. 2011 19-21 July 2011, Padang – West Sumatra Indonesia

Indonesia is a country with very large business in agricultural commodities. Development in the agricultural sector, in addition to increasing production and income earned by farmers as producers. In areas in East Java Province, one of which is Nganjuk Regency, agriculture is the leading sector for the development in this area. Within the framework of the national economy. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that affect the income earned by farmers generated from leading commodities in Nganjuk Regency. This research was conducted in Nganjuk Regency, particularly in Gondang District with a sample of 176 farmers. There were seven variables, namely the role of the government (X1), the role of cooperatives (X2), the role of the community (X3), other factors (X4), the income earned by corn farmers (Y1), the income earned by rice farmers (Y2), the income earned by soybean farmers (Y3), and the income earned by red onion farmers (Y4). Other factors (X4) which affect the income earned by farmers consis t of land area, labor (HOK), fertilizers, and pesticides. The result show the role of the government, cooperatives and the community as well as other factors (land, labor, fertilizers, pesticides, capital availability) bring positive effects on the increasing income earned by farmers of those four leading commodities in Nganjuk Regency, the role the government plays affects the level of income earned by the farmers of the four leading commodities, Cooperatives play a quite significant role in increasing the income earned from the agricultural sector, especially in the sectors of rice and red onions.

Perkembangan kota-kota khususnya di negara sedang berkembang memerlukan perhatian. Diiringi urbanisasi yang masif, kota berkembang sangat pesat sejalan dengan perhatian sektor ekonomi yang percepatan pertumbuhannya terus dipacu untuk mengejar ketertinggalannya. Ini sangat beralasan, dalam keadaan perekonomian yang belum stabil maka negara berkepentingan mengambil bagian dalam perekonomian terutama akses faktor produksi atau alasan penyediaan kesempatan kerja. Pertumbuhan konsumsi sumberdaya lahan, air, energi, dan biomasa meningkat terus, menjadikan kota makin penting perannya.Iwan Nugroho. 2000. Pertumbuhan Perkotaan Dalam Prespektif Sistem Ekologi. Journal of Regional and City Planning, ITB Bandung. 11(2): 63-76