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Background: Neonatal admission generally refers to the admission of newborns under 29 days old into a health facility for medical care. Because neonates are fragile and yet to develop competent immune system, they are prone to infections, and most of the illnesses they acquire usually require critical care, hence their admission to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). High global neonatal death have triggered improve fatality-based care. Methods: this hospital based retrospective study was conducted in the NICU of Atbara teaching hospital in River Nile State, Sudan. Data was collected from medical records of 300 neonate. Results: 68.7% of the neonates were term, while 18.0% were early preterm, 8.3% were late preterm, 4.0% were post-date, and 1.0% were post-term. Moreover, the most common morbidity among them were sepsis, preterm births, HIE, meconium aspiration syndrome, N-jaundice respiratory distress syndrome, and the mortality rate was 15.4% Conclusions: Majority of causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in our study were preventable diseases. Therefore, interventions to improve services in the NICU are highly needed to improve the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]