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Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our understanding of speciation processes in marine environments remains very limited and the role of different reproductive barriers are still debated. While physical barriers were considered important drivers causing reproductive isolation, recent studies highlight the importance of climatic and hydrological changes creating unsuitable habitat conditions as factors promoting population isolation. Although speciation in marine fishes has been investigated from different perspectives, these studies often have a limited geographical extant. Therefore, data on speciation within widely distributed species are largely lacking. Species complexes offer valuable opportunities to study the initial stages of speciation. Herein we study speciation within the Mugil cephalus species complex (MCSC) which presents a unique opportunity due to its circumglobal distribution. We used a whole-genome shotgun analysis approach to identify SNPs among the 16 species within the MCSC. We inferred the phylogenetic relationships within the species complex followed by a time-calibration analysis. Subsequently, we estimated the ancestral ranges within the species complex to explore their biogeographical history. Herein, we present a fully resolved and well-supported phylogeny of the MCSC. Its origin is dated at around 3.79 Ma after which two main clades emerged: one comprising all West Atlantic and East Pacific species and the other all East Atlantic and Indo-Pacific species. Rapid dispersal following an initial founder colonization from the West to the East Atlantic led to the population of all major realms worldwide in less than 2 Myr. Physical and climatic barriers heavily impacted the ancestral distribution ranges within the MCSC and triggered the onset of speciation., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Congenital anomalies are rare in veterinary medicine, and their aetiology, development, clinical presentation, and management remain poorly understood. This study documents a rare case of multiple congenital anomalies occurring simultaneously in a single individual. We present a comprehensive analysis of a 4-month-old mixed-breed puppy diagnosed with caudal duplication (monocephalus dipygus), integrating clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, cytogenetic findings, and surgical intervention. The puppy exhibited several external abnormalities, including a supernumerary limb, a single tail, two penises, and two distinct scrotal sacs. Radiographic examination revealed additional metatarsal and phalangeal bones in the supernumerary limb. Ultrasonography and exploratory laparotomy further identified two bladders, a single prostate, and bifurcated ureters, each connecting to a kidney. Cytogenetic analysis was conducted to investigate potential chromosomal abnormalities underlying these congenital anomalies, as we hypothesized that these malformations might be linked to chromosomal aberrations. The successful surgical removal of the supernumerary limb significantly improved the dog's mobility. Notably, since each bladder was independently connected to a kidney, surgical intervention in the genitourinary system was avoided to prevent potential impairment of urinary function. This case highlights the complexity of congenital anomalies in canines and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to their diagnosis and management., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)