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This qualitative study reports the results of sensemaking when teacher-practitioner inquiry in professional development (PD) is carried out for 120 Vietnamese K-12 and college teachers. The PD was designed to prepare teachers to teach with different newly-approved English language coursebooks using a genre-based systemic functional linguistic approach (SFL). During scaffolds in workshops, teaching staff guided teachers in cooperating and drafting lessons using genre-based SFL, examining the lessons' impacts on students' responses. Teachers also journaled to unravel the knitted instructional complexities and express their willingness to adapt to emerging teaching practices. Data were collected via the video recordings, teachers' interviews, and content analysis of their inquiry products. Four themes representing the complexities in teachers' sensemaking of scaffolded collaborative PD were: (1) Improved teacher agency in terms of planning and instruction; (2) Research-based experiential learning creating a venue for intrinsic motivation to innovate in instruction; (3) An overwhelming feeling of inequity between high and low-resourced instructional situations; (4) The mismatch between teachers' advocacy for desired deep-learning approach and the traditional ideology of rote learning for exams.

Improving the biological nitrogen fixation of rhizosphere bacteria in rice is expected to improve plant growth and productivity. Most studies have focused on the application of a single N2-fixing bacterium on rice plants. Little is known about the beneficial impacts of a bacterial consortium, which is known as the microbial synthetic community (SynCom) on rice growth, and the extent of the interaction with the microbial community. The study investigated the effect of a SynCom on rice growth and productivity. A SynCom consisting of three bacteria Azosprillium sp. NL1, Bradyrhizobium sp. NL2, and Azotobacter sp. NL3 was designed to increase the survival and density of root microorganisms. The microbial culture collections used for the reconstitution experiment were established using bacterium-free soil. A profound increase in bacterial root microbiota survival and density was observed in plants inoculated with either mono- or multi-synthetic microbial consortia. SynCom is essential for rice plant growth by improving shoot ramification and root development. The results showed that SynCom could increase the total root nitrogen-fixing (%Ndfa) value by 51.6%, with Azotobacter sp. NL3 being the most dominant. High levels of indole acetic acid production in the range of 0.65–0.8 ng per g root were observed in Azosprillium sp. NL1 and Azotobacter sp. NL3. This indicates Azotobacter sp. NL3 is a nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere bacterium that is dominant in rice-amended soils. These results support the early application of the designed SynCom as a feasible strategy for the induction of nitrogen fixation, suggesting a role for earlier effects on rhizosphere colonization and tillering of plants.

Objective This study aims to explore the associated impairments of cerebral palsy (CP) and their correlates among children with CP in Vietnam.Design Descriptive cross-sectional study using hospital-based surveillance.Setting National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam between June and November 2017.Participants 765 children with CP were recruited.Outcome measures We assessed clinical characteristics of CP, associated impairments (epilepsy, intellectual, visual, hearing, speech impairments) and their correlates. We performed descriptive analyses (median, IQR and proportion). χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test were used for categorical variables. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression models were established and associated impairments were included as independent variables.Results The median age of children was 1.7 years (IQR=2.7). Quadriplegia was the predominant subtype (69.5%) and 46.5% were at Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV–V. Of children, 76.3% had ≥one associated impairment, most commonly speech or intellectual impairments (59.1% and 57.8%, respectively). Severity of motor impairment, type of CP, maternal and perinatal factors (eg, gestational age, perinatal asphyxia, timing of injury causing CP) were associated with greater risk of associated impairments.Conclusion Children with CP have a high burden of associated impairments. Findings from our study will inform the development and implementation of appropriate screening and interventions and reduce the long-term adverse effects of these impairments on individuals with CP and their socioeconomic impact.

Background and Aim: Short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS), a highly contagious disease, has been reported in duck farms in Vietnam since 2019. In this study, we evaluated the virulence and characterized the virus obtained from SBDS cases in North Vietnam. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect waterfowl parvovirus in ducks, and the virus from positive samples was inoculated into 10-day-old duck-embryonated eggs to reproduce the disease in young ducklings to determine the virulence and subjected to phylogenetic analysis of non-structural (NS) and VP1 gene sequences. Results: Goose parvovirus (GPV) was isolated from ducks associated with SDBS in Vietnam. The virus Han-GPV2001 is highly virulent when inoculated into 10-day-old duck embryos and 3-day-old ducklings. The mortality rate of duck embryos was 94.35% within 6 days of virus inoculation. Inoculating 3-day-old ducks with the virus stock with 104.03 EID50 through intramuscular and neck intravenous administration resulted in 80% and 66.67% of clinical signs of SDBS, respectively, were shown. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial NS and VP1 gene sequences revealed that the viral isolate obtained in this study belonged to novel GPV (NGPV) and was closely related to previous Vietnamese and Chinese strains. Conclusion: A GPV strain, Han-GPV2001, has been successfully isolated and has virulence in duck-embryonated eggs as well as caused clinical signs of SBDS in ducks. Phylogenetic analyses of partial genes encoding NS and capsid proteins indicated that the obtained GPV isolate belongs to the NGPV group.

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) has detrimental effects on community health, including coronary heart diseases, stroke, lung cancer etc. This manuscript exploited data from the Vietnam Population-based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) in 2022 to update the prevalence of adult exposure to SHS and associated socio-demographic factors. Methods: With the sample size of 71,981 adults aged 15+ throughout 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam, data was collected using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression modelling were performed. Results: In the past 30 days, 44.4% (95% CI: 44.0%-44.9%) adults aged 15+ exposed to SHS at home while 23.1% (95% CI: 22.6%-23.6%) exposed to SHS at work. Female exposure to SHS in the past 30 days was higher at homes but lower at indoor workplaces. Participants aged 15-24 were likely to have higher odds of SHS exposure in the past 30 days to other age groups. Those living in the urban areas had 1.15 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) of exposure to SHS than those in the rural areas. Current smokers tended to have 2.2 times higher odds of exposure to SHS at the indoor workplaces compared to non-smokers (95% CI: 2.05-2.37). Conclusions: The prevalence of exposure to SHS at home was still relatively high amongst the adult population. While there was a significant reduction of SHS exposure at indoor workplaces, there was a higher prevalence of women being exposed to SHS at home. The Government of Vietnam should continue to strictly implement the smoke-free environment resolution at indoor workplaces and appropriate communication campaigns to protect people, especially women from SHS exposure at homes.

When Western empires infiltrated Asian countries which had traditional relations with China such as Vietnam and North Korea, Minister of Qing Dynasty - Ly Hong Chuong, gave strategic planning “taking the enemy to cope with the enemy” in order to maintain this relationship. However, that strategic planning of Ly Hong Chuong could not compete with the power of the West, making the Qing dynasty not only unable to protect the traditional Neighbour Relationship but also being torn by the Western empires, becoming a colony.

Abstract Background Malaria continues to be a major threat to global public health. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the underlying Plasmodium parasites has provided insights into the genomic epidemiology of malaria. Genome sequencing is rapidly gaining traction as a diagnostic and surveillance tool for clinical settings, where the profiling of co-infections, identification of imported malaria parasites, and detection of drug resistance are crucial for infection control and disease elimination. To support this informatically, we have developed the Malaria-Profiler tool, which rapidly (within minutes) predicts Plasmodium species, geographical source, and resistance to antimalarial drugs directly from WGS data. Results The online and command line versions of Malaria-Profiler detect ~ 250 markers from genome sequences covering Plasmodium speciation, likely geographical source, and resistance to chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), and other anti-malarial drugs for P. falciparum, but also providing mutations for orthologous resistance genes in other species. The predictive performance of the mutation library was assessed using 9321 clinical isolates with WGS and geographical data, with most being single-species infections (P. falciparum 7152/7462, P. vivax 1502/1661, P. knowlesi 143/151, P. malariae 18/18, P. ovale ssp. 5/5), but co-infections were identified (456/9321; 4.8%). The accuracy of the predicted geographical profiles was high to both continental (96.1%) and regional levels (94.6%). For P. falciparum, markers were identified for resistance to chloroquine (49.2%; regional range: 24.5% to 100%), sulfadoxine (83.3%; 35.4– 90.5%), pyrimethamine (85.4%; 80.0–100%) and combined SP (77.4%). Markers associated with the partial resistance of artemisinin were found in WGS from isolates sourced from Southeast Asia (30.6%). Conclusions Malaria-Profiler is a user-friendly tool that can rapidly and accurately predict the geographical regional source and anti-malarial drug resistance profiles across large numbers of samples with WGS data. The software is flexible with modifiable bioinformatic pipelines. For example, it is possible to select the sequencing platform, display specific variants, and customise the format of outputs. With the increasing application of next-generation sequencing platforms on Plasmodium DNA, Malaria-Profiler has the potential to be integrated into point-of-care and surveillance settings, thereby assisting malaria control. Malaria-Profiler is available online (bioinformatics.lshtm.ac.uk/malaria-profiler) and as standalone software ( https://github.com/jodyphelan/malaria-profiler ).

The selection of an appropriate subset of Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) for long-term hydrological simulation at the basin scale is a necessity. This study selected high-performing GCMs among 32 available CMIP6 GCMs on the basis of reproducing the observed precipitation over the main watershed in South Korea during the historical period. An integrated selection approach based on four spatial performance assessment metrics was proposed to better estimate changes in precipitation using the simulated GCMs precipitation. Results revealed that the spatial performance over different GCMs could provide an effective means of selecting GCMs for hydrological study over the major river watersheds in South Korea. The four top-ranked GCMs are FIO-ESM-2-0, CESM2-WACCM, CESM2, and CMCC-ESM2, and they overestimated precipitation in South Korea during the historical period, with a bias of 10–25%. However, this study confirmed that a formal bias correction for these GCMs is not recommended prior to model selection, and the ranking of GCMs under the bias correction could be problematic. The proposed approach in this study can be applied to numerous GCMs, climate variables, and other regions to select representative GCMs to reduce the uncertainties in terms of the spatial patterns observed. HIGHLIGHTS The goodness-of-fit measures are proposed for the selection of climate models.; A comprehensive rating metric approach is proposed to evaluate the overall ranking of the GCMs.; Exploration of the spatial performance of different GCMs can effectively select GCMs.; A formal bias correction for these GCMs is not recommended prior to model selection, and the ranking of GCMs under the bias correction could be problematic.;

On the Internet, "fake news" is a common phenomenon that frequently disturbs society because it contains intentionally false information. The issue has been actively researched using supervised learning for automatic fake news detection. Although accuracy is increasing, it is still limited to identifying fake information through channels on social platforms. This study aims to improve the reliability of fake news detection on social networking platforms by examining news from unknown domains. Especially, information on social networks in Vietnam is difficult to detect and prevent because everyone has equal rights to use the Internet for different purposes. These individuals have access to several social media platforms. Any user can post or spread the news through online platforms. These platforms do not attempt to verify users or the content of their locations. As a result, some users try to spread fake news through these platforms to propagate against an individual, a society, an organization, or a political party. In this paper, we proposed analyzing and designing a model for fake news recognition using Deep learning (called AAFNDL). The method to do the work is: 1) First, we analyze the existing techniques such as Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer (BERT); 2) We proceed to build the model for evaluation; and finally, 3) We approach some Modern techniques to apply to the model, such as the Deep Learning technique, classifier technique and so on to classify fake information. Experiments show that our method can improve by up to 8.72% compared to other methods.

Background and Objectives: Malaria continues to be a significant global health challenge. The efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) has declined in many parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion, including Vietnam, due to the spread of resistant malaria strains. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)–Piperaquine (PPQ) regimen in treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria and to conduct molecular surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in Binh Phuoc and Dak Nong provinces. Materials and Methods: The study included 63 uncomplicated malaria falciparum patients from therapeutic efficacy studies (TES) treated following the WHO treatment guidelines (2009). Molecular marker analysis was performed on all 63 patients. Methods encompassed Sanger sequencing for pfK13 mutations and quantitative real-time PCR for the pfpm2 gene. Results: This study found a marked decrease in the efficacy of the DHA-PPQ regimen, with an increased rate of treatment failures at two study sites. Genetic analysis revealed a significant presence of pfK13 mutations and pfpm2 amplifications, indicating emerging resistance to artemisinin and its partner drug. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the standard DHA-PPQ regimen has sharply declined, with rising treatment failure rates. This decline necessitates a review and possible revision of national malaria treatment guidelines. Importantly, molecular monitoring and clinical efficacy assessments together provide a robust framework for understanding and addressing detection drug resistance in malaria.

AbstractDigital transformation is a keyword that has not only been mentioned in recent years but is also strongly applied by companies. However, the benefits of digital transformation for companies are still an issue that needs to be researched. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the dynamics of digital transformation on banking business results. The research was conducted with joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam listed on the stock exchange. Based on text analysis on annual reports to measure banks’ digital transformation level from 2015 to 2021. Research results have shown that digital transformation has a negative impact on bank’s performance (through the return on assets and return on equity). Furthermore, the study also found that there was a paradoxical situation where COVID-19 increased the profits of banks. This result provides exciting discussions related to digital transformation and bank performance.

AbstractMany companies have been and are implementing diversification to take advantage of capital, reduce risks, and increase revenue for enterprises. At the same time, government support is considered to have positive implications for companies. This study was conducted to assess the impact of diversification and government support on the firm performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Data was collected on 1,342 SMEs in Vietnam from 2011 to 2015. The analysis results show that diversification has a positive effect on firm performance (through return on assets). However, diversification has no impact on return on equity. The results show that the resource-based view theory is supported when enterprises implement meaningful diversification. The study also shows that the trade-off theory is supported when companies diversify. Government support has no impact on firm performance. The research will help enterprises orient themselves appropriately when deciding to diversify or register and receive support from the government.

This qualitative study reports the results of sensemaking when teacher-practitioner inquiry in professional development (PD) is carried out for 120 Vietnamese K-12 and college teachers. The PD was designed to prepare teachers to teach with different newly-approved English language coursebooks using a genre-based systemic functional linguistic approach (SFL). During scaffolds in workshops, teaching staff guided teachers in cooperating and drafting lessons using genre-based SFL, examining the lessons’ impacts on students’ responses. Teachers also journaled to unravel the knitted instructional complexities and express their willingness to adapt to emerging teaching practices. Data were collected via the video recordings, teachers’ interviews, and content analysis of their inquiry products. Four themes representing the complexities in teachers’ sensemaking of scaffolded collaborative PD were: 1. Improved teacher agency in terms of planning and instruction; 2. Research-based experiential learning creating a venue for intrinsic motivation to innovate in instruction; 3. An overwhelming feeling of inequity between high and low-resourced instructional situations; 4. The mismatch between teachers’ advocacy for desired deep-learning approach and the traditional ideology of rote learning for exams.

Objective: To evaluate the result of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for drug-resistant primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with drug-resistant primary TN were treated with GKRS at the Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Center, Bach Mai Hospital from January 2015 to June 2020. Using the pain rating scale of the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI), follow-ups and evaluations were conducted at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 month, and 1, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years after radiosurgery. Comparisons of pain levels was performed before and after radiosurgery according to the BNI scale. Results: From January 2015 to June 2020, 33 patients were treated with GKS. There were 23 female patients and 10 male patients; the average age was 61.9. The average onset time of disease was 4.42 years. Among all patients, 84.8% of patients were relieved from pain and 78.8% were pain-free without medication. The mean time for pain relief was 3 months and was not related to the dose of GKS (

The efficacy of potable water and antimicrobial agents, including turmeric extract, black pepper extract, sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, in reducing Listeria monocytogenes on the leaf mustard (Brassica integrifolia) and iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was compared. The uncontaminated samples of two raw leafy vegetables were inoculated with L. monocytogenes at a concentration of 5 log and 7 log colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 for 1 h. At the high L. monocytogenes contamination level, the treatment with black pepper extract 0.6 mg mL-1 for 5 min was found to produce the most considerable decrease in L. monocytogenes counts, resulting in 1.44 log and 1.68 log reduction on leaf mustard and iceberg lettuce, respectively. Similarly, the black pepper extract also showed the highest L. monocytogenes reduction, approximately 0.79 log CFU g-1 on two leafy vegetables at the low contamination level. However, the odour of black pepper extract was left on the vegetables after being washed.

Abstract Background Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) remain the main point-of-care tests for diagnosis of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria in endemic areas. However, parasites with gene deletions in the most common RDT target, histidine rich protein 2 (pfhrp2/HRP2), can produce false-negative RDT results leading to inadequate case management. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hrp2/3 deletions causing false-negative RDT results in Vietnam (Gia Lai and Dak Lak provinces). Methods Individuals presenting with malaria symptoms at health facilities were screened for P. falciparum infection using light microscopy and HRP2-RDT (SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pv RDT, Abbott). Microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infections were analysed for parasite species by 18S rRNA qPCR, and pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 exon2 deletions were investigated by nested PCR. pfhrp2 amplicons were sequenced by the Sanger method and HRP2 plasma levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The prevalence of false-negative RDT results among symptomatic cases was 5.6% (15/270). No pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions were identified. False-negative RDT results were associated with lower parasite density (p = 0.005) and lower HRP2 plasma concentrations (p

This study investigates the climate resilience of coastal communities in Vietnam’s Nghe An province, a region highly exposed due to its extensive coastline and dense population. Employing the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI), the research assesses the resilience of three districts — Quynh Luu, Dien Chau, and Nghi Loc — to climate-induced disasters. The analysis reveals good to high overall resilience across five dimensions (physical, social, economic, institutional, and natural). Dien Chau boasts the highest score (4.06), followed by Quynh Luu (4.04), and Nghi Loc (4.01). While strong infrastructure and essential services contribute to high physical resilience, social capital development requires further attention. Economic resilience is bolstered by employment rates, but income and asset accumulation need improvement. Effective policies and disaster risk management strategies highlight strong institutional resilience. Natural resource management demonstrates adaptability, but land-use planning warrants enhancement. This study underscores the districts’ good preparedness for climate challenges while pinpointing areas for improvement across all CDRI dimensions. By addressing these vulnerabilities, Nghe An’s coastal communities can further strengthen their resilience.