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This paper introduces an advanced stochastic hybrid system modeling framework for modern power systems (MPS) to identify, classify, and evaluate hidden contingencies, which cannot be detected by normal observation sensors. The stochastic hybrid system (SHS) model is designed to capture the dynamics of the internal states of individual nodes, considering their structural properties, and coupling variables under various local and network-level contingencies. Hidden contingencies are identified using a probing approach that measures changes in the eigenvalues of the SHS model and detects deviations from normal operation. Next, contingencies are categorized into three distinct groups according to their impact on MPS: physical contingencies, control network contingencies, and sensing and measurement network contingencies. This classification enables a proactive evaluation of contingencies. The practicality and efficacy of the proposed methodology are validated through simulation experiments on the electrical network of two real-world systems. These simulations underscore the approach's capacity to enhance the resilience of power systems against a spectrum of hidden contingencies., Comment: Under review in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

This paper presents a deep learning-based approach for hourly power outage probability prediction within census tracts encompassing a utility company's service territory. Two distinct deep learning models, conditional Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and unconditional MLP, were developed to forecast power outage probabilities, leveraging a rich array of input features gathered from publicly available sources including weather data, weather station locations, power infrastructure maps, socio-economic and demographic statistics, and power outage records. Given a one-hour-ahead weather forecast, the models predict the power outage probability for each census tract, taking into account both the weather prediction and the location's characteristics. The deep learning models employed different loss functions to optimize prediction performance. Our experimental results underscore the significance of socio-economic factors in enhancing the accuracy of power outage predictions at the census tract level., Comment: Accepted in 2024 IEEE PES General Meeting, Seattle, Washington (PES GM 2024)

This paper introduces peer to peer (P2P) trading mechanisms based on decentralized Blockchain to facilitate retail electricity market for ever-increasing distributed energy resources (DERs). The Blockchain network supports fast and secure retail trading among DERs and facilitates a sustainable local P2P trading platform. In this decentralized Blockchain architecture no single entity or organization has control over the entire system rather all users collectively maintain control. The effectiveness of the proposed automated market design and optimization is simulated using different use case scenarios in an open source Blockchain Simulator and MATLAB. The results show the efficacy of the trading mechanism in achieving demand response through strategies such as peak load shaving, load shifting, and integration of DERs.

The evolving landscape of electric power networks, influenced by the integration of distributed energy resources require the development of novel power system monitoring and control architectures. This paper develops algorithm to monitor and detect anomalies of different parts of a power system that cannot be measured directly, by applying neighboring measurements and a dynamic probing technique in a distributed fashion. Additionally, the proposed method accurately assesses the severity of the anomaly. A decision-making algorithm is introduced to effectively penalize anomalous agents, ensuring vigilant oversight of the entire power system's functioning. Simulation results show the efficacy of algorithms in distributed anomaly detection and mitigation., Comment: Accepted in 2024 IEEE PES General Meeting, Seattle, Washington (PES GM 2024)

This paper introduces a new stochastic hybrid system (SHS) framework for contingency detection in modern power systems (MPS). The framework uses stochastic hybrid system representations in state space models to expand and facilitate capability of contingency detection. In typical microgrids (MGs), buses may contain various synchronous generators, renewable generators, controllable loads, battery systems, regular loads, etc. For development of SHS models in power systems, this paper introduces the concept of dynamic and non-dynamic buses. By converting a physical power grid into a virtual linearized state space model and representing contingencies as random switching of system structures and parameters, this paper formulates the contingency detection problem as a joint estimation problem of discrete event and continuous states in stochastic hybrid systems. This method offers unique advantages, including using common measurement signals on voltage and current synchrophasors to detect different types and locations of contingencies, avoiding expensive local direct fault measurements and detecting certain contingencies that cannot be directly measured. The method employs a small and suitably-designed probing signal to sustain the ability of persistent contingency detection. Joint estimation algorithms are presented with their proven convergence and reliability properties. Examples that use an IEEE 5-bus system demonstrate the main ideas and derivation steps. Simulation case studies on an IEEE 33-bus system are used for detecting transmission line faults and sensor interruptions., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2401.16568

This paper introduces a stochastic hybrid system (SHS) framework in state space model to capture sensor, communication, and system contingencies in modern power systems (MPS). Within this new framework, the paper concentrates on the development of state estimation methods and algorithms to provide reliable state estimation under randomly intermittent and noisy sensor data. MPSs employ diversified measurement devices for monitoring system operations that are subject to random measurement errors and rely on communication networks to transmit data whose channels encounter random packet loss and interruptions. The contingency and noise form two distinct and interacting stochastic processes that have a significant impact on state estimation accuracy and reliability. This paper formulates stochastic hybrid system models for MPSs, introduces coordinated observer design algorithms for state estimation, and establishes their convergence and reliability properties. A further study reveals a fundamental design tradeoff between convergence rates and steady-state error variances. Simulation studies on the IEEE 5-bus system and IEEE 33-bus system are used to illustrate the modeling methods, observer design algorithms, convergence properties, performance evaluations, and impact sensor system selections., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures

The power system needs more transmission capacity to deal with the increasing integration of renewable energy resources. The battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are effective to enhance the grid capacity and relieve the transmission congestion. A comprehensive revenue analysis of BESSs is critical for market participants to install such systems in a market-based power system. Taking PJM as an example, this paper carries out a thorough revenue analysis for the entire system. Highly profitable nodes in the system are revealed and characterized for BESS participants. A comparison study of stationary and transportable BESSs shows the transportable energy storage can produce higher potential revenue in the energy and regulation markets. Based on the results of the revenue analysis and characterization of commercial pricing nodes, an optimal placement algorithm is proposed for finding the profitable sites for market participants to install BESSs in the system and the algorithm is validated with real PJM market data., Comment: Submitted