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The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the time perspective and the psychophysiological state of the elderly during the pandemic COVID-19. 433 residents from 11 Russian cities aged 60,8±9,8 years (range - 50-94 years, women - 78,7%) took part in the study. During the online survey, each participant of the study provided personal data (place of residence, sex, age, height, and weight) and completed the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Yale Food Addiction Scale. It was found that elderly people with a balanced time perspective had the lowest level of depression during the pandemic COVID-19 and less expressed sleep inertia at work days, while those with a past negative time perspective had the highest level of depression, high frequency of detection of food addiction and low sleep efficiency. The other types of time perspective (past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future) had intermediate values of indicators between these two extreme options. Thus, the conducted studies have shown that elderly people with a balanced time perspective showed the highest level of resistance to psychoemotional stress caused by the pandemic COVID-19.Цель исследования — изучение связи между временно́й перспективой и психофизиологическим состоянием пожилых людей во время пандемии COVID-19. В исследовании приняли участие 433 жителя 11 городов России в возрасте 60,8±9,8 года (диапазон — 50–94 года, женщины — 78,7%). Каждый участник исследования во время онлайн-опроса указал личные данные (место проживания, пол, возраст, рост, массу тела) и заполнил тест Зимбардо для оценки временно́й перспективы, Мюнхенский тест для оценки хронотипа, шкалу депрессии Бека и Йельскую шкалу для оценки пищевой зависимости. Установлено, что у пожилых людей со сбалансированной временно́й перспективой во время пандемии COVID-19 наблюдался наименьший уровень депрессии и менее выраженная инерция сна в рабочие дни, в то время как у лиц с прошлой негативной временно́й перспективой отмечен наиболее высокий уровень депрессии, высокая частота выявления пищевой зависимости и низкая эффективность сна. Остальные типы временно́й перспективы (прошлая позитивная, настоящая гедонистическая, настоящая фаталистическая и будущая) имели промежуточные показатели между этими двумя крайними вариантами. Таким образом, проведенные исследования показали, что пожилые люди со сбалансированной временно́й перспективой проявили наиболее высокий уровень устойчивости к психоэмоциональному стрессу, вызванному пандемией COVID-19.

We studied clinical and ultrasonographic parameters in pregnant women - 183 with and 152 without gestational arterial hypertension (GAP). Characteristics of women with GAP were as follows: age 16-45 years, mean age 27.9+/-4.7 years, disease duration 8.8+/-4.0 weeks, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure at initial examination 150.2+/-4.8 and 93.1+/-6 mm Hg, respectively. Results of this study allowed us to make the following conclusions. Social, historical, constitutional parameters can contribute to the development of hypertension during pregnancy. GAP is associated with development of hypertrophy of left ventricular myocardium and its subsequent remodeling, hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle, i.e. formation of morphological substrate for heart failure. Dynamics of echocardiographic structural-geometrical parameters of pregnant women with GAP is related to type and degree of hypertension.

Aim. To identify the factors of internal and nutrition-related diseases in females of reproductive age. Methods. A comprehensive general physical examination of 383 pregnant women aged 16 to 46 years old with the following internal diseases at pregnancy: gestational arterial hypertension (n=183), essential arterial hypertension (n=66), obesity (n=134) was conducted. Control group consisted of 153 pregnant women without any signs of internal diseases. Results. Combination of social and demographic, psychosomatic and inherited factors may define the risk of neurohormonal mechanisms deregulation, obesity, and type of arterial hypertension. Females with internal diseases had significantly lower level of physical activity compared to females of the control group. The largest number of long-term and heavy smokers was revealed in groups of female patients with gestational and essential arterial hypertension, patients with obesity and mature nulliparous women. Multivariate analysis showed that income level and physical activity of pregnant women have a significant impact on excessive fat body mass in pregnant women during gestation and before it. No statistically significant relationships between educational level and body mass index before pregnancy and at gestation were found. Conclusion. Factors influencing the risk for internal and nutrition-related diseases in females of reproductive age were: (1) the increased demand for nutrients and energy in developing placenta-fetus system, leading to irrational nourishment; (2) decreased body reserves, caused by repeated pregnancies and childbirth; (3) smoking; (4) social and economic status; (5) living area; (6) hereditary factors and constitutional features.