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The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is a metabolic pathway that produces the isoprenoids isopentyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. Notably, the MEP pathway is present in bacteria and not in mammals, which makes the enzymes of the MEP pathway attractive targets for discovering new anti‐infective agents due to the reduced chances of off‐target interactions leading to side effects. There are seven enzymes in the MEP pathway, the third of which is IspD. Two crystal structures of Burkholderia thailandensis IspD (BtIspD) were determined: an apo structure and that of a complex with cytidine triphosphate (CTP). Comparison of the CTP‐bound BtIspD structure with the apo structure revealed that CTP binding stabilizes the loop composed of residues 13–19. The apo structure of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis IspD (MpIspD) is also reported. The melting temperatures of MpIspD and BtIspD were evaluated by circular dichroism. The moderate Tm values suggest that a thermal shift assay may be feasible for future inhibitor screening. Finally, the binding affinity of CTP for BtIspD was evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry. These structural and biophysical data will aid in the discovery of IspD inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gap junctions establish direct pathways for cell-to-cell communication through the assembly of twelve connexin subunits that form intercellular channels connecting neighbouring cells. Co-assembly of different connexin isoforms produces channels with unique properties and enables communication across cell types. Here we used single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to investigate the structural basis of connexin co-assembly in native lens gap junction channels composed of connexin 46 and connexin 50 (Cx46/50). We provide the first comparative analysis to connexin 26 (Cx26), which--together with computational studies--elucidates key energetic features governing gap junction permselectivity. Cx46/50 adopts an open-state conformation that is distinct from the Cx26 crystal structure, yet it appears to be stabilized by a conserved set of hydrophobic anchoring residues. 'Hot spots' of genetic mutations linked to hereditary cataract formation map to the core structural-functional elements identified in Cx46/50, suggesting explanations for many of the disease-causing effects.Cryo-electron microscopy structures of connexin channels composed of connexin 46 and connexin 50 in an open-state reveal features that govern permselectivity and the location of mutated residues linked to herediatry cataracts., Author(s): Janette B. Myers [sup.1] , Bassam G. Haddad [sup.1] , Susan E. O'Neill [sup.1] , Dror S. Chorev [sup.2] , Craig C. Yoshioka [sup.3] , Carol V. Robinson [sup.2] [...]

This paper examines the changing role of academics in providing support to students. In doing so, it argues that locating practice in higher education in a historical context gives a new perspective to current issues. In this case, the role of the residential warden is compared with the role of the personal tutor in higher education in the UK. These roles co-existed until the decline of the role of the warden from the 1960s onwards (Silver 2004). The paper asks whether the parallels extend to the eventual abandonment of the personal tutor role in the way that the residential warden role was abandoned. Three parallels will be discussed: first, in relation to non-traditional students, second, in relation to the teaching/research relationship and third, the evidence base for the efficacy of the role.