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The key attention of this work is on the impact of suction/injection on the free convective flow of a viscous fluid passing between two infinite, parallel, vertical and porous plates with non‐Fourier effects. The analysis focuses on a porous channel with boundaries featuring a steady–periodic temperature regime. The governing equations, representing velocity(momentum) and temperature(energy) fields, are well‐stated in dimensional form. Employing a separation technique, the momentum and energy equations are separated into steady and periodic components. On solving, the resulting second‐order ordinary differential equations derived, revealed the expressions for velocity and temperature in dimensionless form. However, the study investigates the influence of various flow parameters used in this work, including suction/injection (s) $(s)$, heat source/sink (H) $(H)$, Strouhal number (St) $({St})$, Prandtl number (Pr) $(Pr)$, and dimensionless relaxation time (γ) $(\gamma)$, on the velocity and temperature distributions. Also not left out is the rate of heat transfer on the flow performance and the skin‐friction coefficient on the plates. The findings are visualized using MATLAB‐generated graphs. An interesting observation found during the course of investigation in that the introduction of suction/injection enhances the flow velocity and fluid temperature within the channel, and they are both seen as declining functions of the Strouhal number, which measures the frequency of periodic heating on the plates. Furthermore, when the suction/injection parameter(s) is being relaxed, this study demonstrates a strong agreement with the findings of Ajibade and Mukhtar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), is an important zoonotic disease of livestock that poses a threat to public safety. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Bacillus anthracis in sheep and cattle in endemic areas (Punjab and Balochistan provinces) of Pakistan by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cross-sectional survey was also done to assess the control measures of the farmers. Out of 401 serum samples from sheep and cattle, a total of 68 (16.9%) samples were seropositive for anti-PA antibodies; seroprevalence of B. anthracis in sheep and cattle was 22.11% (48/217) and 10.86% (20/184), respectively. Seroprevalence was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Baluchistan province (33.3%, 44/132) compared to Punjab province (8.92%, 24/269). Most farmers (65.90%, 29/44) were not disposing carcasses as recommended. Around 77.28%, 17/22 of the veterinary officials reported the non-availability of vaccine against anthrax and 63.63% (14/22) stated the lack of cold chain for the vaccine storage and transportation. We concluded that seroprevalence of B. anthracis in unvaccinated sheep and cattle is evidence that the pathogen is circulating in Baluchistan and Punjab provinces. So must applied an active surveillance and, strengthened veterinary practices vaccination programs to control anthrax outbreaks in endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines called tri-fuel emulsion was prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of emulsifying settings and formulation ratio on the physicochemical properties of tri-fuel emulsions. Design of experiment (DOE) with the two-level factorial design was employed to analyze the effect of emulsifying settings such as time, amplitude, and cycle along with the variation ratio of tri-fuel emulsion components as control factors. Numbers of responses identified were important parameters that may contribute to microexplosion phenomenon in CI engine. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out for each response, and the results indicated that density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, and average droplet size were influenced by specific preparation control factors. Furthermore, interaction among the control factors was found to affect the responses as well. Interaction means the effect of two factors together is different than what would be expected from each factor separately. Besides, the stability of the tri-fuel emulsion was observed for three months. Furthermore, a qualitative approach with a multiobjective lens digital microscope revealed the geometry of freshly made dispersed tri-fuel emulsion droplets. Microscopic examination on tri-fuel emulsion droplets has shown that the dispersed ethanol capsulated within diesel with the help of biodiesel is similar to a water in diesel emulsion and is dissimilar to commercial diesel mixed with fatty acid methyl esters found in the market.

Education plays an important role in human behavior to improve the quality of life, so there must be mature thought for the success of education. To produce a good education there needs to be an educational strategy, therefore an educational strategy is very important. This study aimed to reveal the forms of strategies for teaching speaking skills in terms of behavioral theory in the intensive program and reveal the contribution of implementing speaking skills teaching strategies in intensive programs at the Darussalam Banyuwangi Islamic Religion Institute. In this study, researchers used a qualitative approach and methodology as a case study in the Arabic Language Education Department. Used for collecting teacher and student interview data in the Intensive Program, classroom and outside classroom observations and documentation. Using interactive data analysis. The method of checking the validity of the data is by triangulation of theory and sources. The results of this study in essence are: (1) The strategies for teaching speaking skills in the perspective of behavioral theory in the intensive program are strategies of repetition and memorization, storytelling strategies, strategies for presenting modern topics, and strategies for creating an artificial Arabic environment. (2) The contribution of implementing speaking skills teaching strategies in the intensive program is the high demand for teaching Arabic and the ease of teaching Arabic, and the Institute has become famous for Arabic.

Water stored beneath the Earth's surface, known as groundwater is a major water supply for living things. The increase in human population leading to high urban development and industrial needs in Malaysia has made the use of groundwater more critical. The current issue faced by Malaysia is the limitation of freshwater source from dam resulting in increasing demand to gather the source of fresh water from groundwater; hence, leading to the crucial exploitation of groundwater. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate groundwater storage (GWS) using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data in Peninsular Malaysia. GRACE data consist information on the liquid water equivalent thickness covering terrestrial water storage (TWS) of GWS, soil moisture (SM), snow water equivalent (SWE), and surface water (SW). In comparison with GLDAS data, they only consist hydrological products of SM, SWE, and SW. Therefore, the differences between the GRACE and GLDAS data are most likely to reflect the information of GWS. Due to the seasonal monsoon, the changes in GWS can also be seen in specific months. In addition, the data can also be used to identify important areas that need improvement and attention. The output of this study is expected to help authorities monitoring the changes in GWS in recharge and discharge areas for future preservation of groundwater quality. Moreover, the excessive exploitation of groundwater can also be observed for the prevention of land hazard phenomena, such land subsidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundTooth extraction procedures often lead to bone resorption, which can have adverse effects on the dimensions of the alveolar ridge. Research has shown that socket preservation techniques using bone graft substitutes can effectively minimize early bone loss in such cases. α–calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) has garnered significant attention as a potential bone graft material due to its favorable properties, including osteoconductivity, angiogenic potential, and biocompatibility. Considering these facts, we developed a preliminary protocol for applying α-CSH in addressing alveolar bone loss following tooth extraction. ObjectiveThis research’s general objective is to evaluate the feasibility and initial effectiveness of α-CSH as bone-inducing graft material for socket preservation after tooth extraction. MethodsThis preliminary clinical trial will involve 30 fresh extraction sockets from individuals aged 18-35 years. The participants will be divided into 2 groups: one group will receive α-CSH graft material after tooth extraction for socket preservation, while the other group will not receive any graft material. Throughout the study, the participants will be closely monitored for safety measures, which will include clinical examinations, radiographic imaging, and blood tests. Radiographic imaging will be used extensively to assist the progress of bone formation. ResultsThe study commenced enrollment in August 2022 and is scheduled to conclude post assessments and analyses by the end of 2023. The results of the study are anticipated to be accessible in late 2024. ConclusionsThis clinical study represents the initial investigation in humans to assess the feasibility and efficacy of α-CSH in alveolar bone regeneration. We hypothesize that the inclusion of α-CSH can greatly expedite the process of bone formation within fresh sockets, resulting in a swift restoration of bone height without the disadvantages associated with harvesting autogenous bone graft. Trial RegistrationIndonesia Registry Center INA-D02FAHP; https://tinyurl.com/2jnf6n3s International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/49922

Purpose: To statistically analyse sitting posture using anthropometrics data among college students in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted among 52 college students consisting of males and females. Data were analysed using a common statistical tool which is the Statistical Package of Sosial Science (SPSS). Findings: Preliminary analysis of data indicated that there are wider differences in standard deviation of eye sitting height compared to the previous study conducted. Research limitations/implications: This study was conducted at only one higher learning institution/college located at East Cost of Malaysia. Practical implications: The larger value of standard deviation discovered as statistical analysis performed using combined data among male and female participants suggested that data should be segregated. Originality/value: Result obtained could be used as a preliminary guideline to design any related item in related to sitting posture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty / ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fuzzy conjoint analysis model is widely used in measuring the level of preferences in various decision making processes. The method is gaining increasing popularity particularly due to its ability in analyzing questionnaire items in surveys that require respondents to rate their preferences by means of linguistic terms. Existing fuzzy conjoint analysis procedures commonly employs discrete fuzzy sets in representing preference levels and ratings of respondents towards attributes. While discrete-type of fuzzy sets are able to handle discrete forms of preference information, some preference information are more appropriate to be presented in the form of linguistic terms or linguistic values defined on a continuous scale. These types of linguistic terms can be mathematically represented in the form of fuzzy numbers. In this paper, a triangular fuzzy number-based conjoint analysis method (TFN-CAM) is proposed for the purpose of analyzing the level of preferences of a group of respondents pertaining to factors influencing their decision in making a selection, and for ranking of the selection factors. The proposed TFNCAM is implemented in ranking and analyzing the factors that influence a group of students in selecting a postgraduate program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to a number of adverse health effects, hence its prediction for epidemiological studies has become very crucial. In this study, a novel ensemble technique was proposed for the prediction of PM2.5 concentration in cities with high traffic noise using traffic noise as an input parameter. Air pollutants concentration (P), meteorological parameters (M) and traffic data (T) simultaneously collected from seven sampling points in North Cyprus were used for conducting the study. The modelling was done in 2 scenarios. In scenario I, PM2.5 was modelled using 4 different input combination without traffic noise as input parameter while in scenario II, traffic noise was added as an input variable for 4 input combinations. The models were evaluated using 4 performance criteria including Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Correlation Coefficient (CC) and Bias (BIAS). Modelling PM2.5 with combined relevant input parameters of P, M and T could improve the performance of the model developed with only one set of the parameters by up to 12, 17 and 29% for models containing only P, M and T respectively. All the models in scenario II have demonstrated high prediction accuracy than the corresponding model in scenario I by up to 12% in the verification stage. The Support Vector Regression-based Ensemble model (SVR-E) could improve the performance accuracy of single models by up to 17% in the verification stage.

Bacterial skin infections are most prevalent in humans. These skin infections can be easily prevented by the topical application of herbal soaps produced from the medicinal plants. Medicinal plants contain natural bioactive compounds with a variety of biological potential that can be used to incorporate into a basic soap formulation. This study aims to prepare the antibacterial soap using leaf extract of local medicinal plant, Rhinachantus nasutus. The leaf extract was prepared by maceration extraction using methanol as solvent. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf extract and herbal soap were evaluated using the disc diffusion assay against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The thump impression test was employed to test the effectiveness of the soap as antibacterial and antifungal soap. The results obtained from the current study revealed that the leaf extract of R. nasutus efficiently inhibited the growth of all test microorganisms at a concentration of 25 mg/mL with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 1.0 ± 0.1 mm to 2.5 ±0.1 mm, whereas a prepared soap with a similar concentration also inhibited all test microorganisms with an inhibition zone ranging from 0.7±0.1 mm to 1.3±0.1 mm. A thumb impression test result indicated a reduction in microbial development when using herbal soap. Leaf extracts of R.nasutus can be used to produce herbal soaps with remarkable antibacterial activity.

Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus), is a highly nutritious summer vegetable crop in Malaysia. The greatest challenge in growing okra is the okra seeds germinate slowly and unevenly, which leads to weak seedling growth and vigour. To address this issue, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various osmopriming techniques on Okra seed germination and performance growth. This study also aims to find effective solutions for enhancing seed germination. Different osmopriming treatments including Polyethylene glycol (PEG 20%), potassium chloride (KCl 4%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4 3%), calcium chloride (CaCl2 3%), sodium chloride (NaCl 3%), potassium nitrate (KNO3 2%), and negative control (no treatment) were applied to the seeds. Data on germination rate, leaf number, plant height, chlorophyll content, and stem diameter were collected and analysed using one-way ANOVA. Among the 3 hours of osmopring treatment, KH2PO4 3% exhibited the highest germination rate (10.1886 ± 1.73894). For the 6-hour osmopriming treatment, PEG 20% demonstrated the most promising results, with the highest leaf number (3.6071 ± 0.35295), plant height (20.977±11.92103), and stem diameter (0.950±00.22281). The highest chlorophyll content was observed in the KNO3 2% osmopriming treatment (23.3286 ± 0.64104) for 6 hours. Overall, PEG 20% osmopriming treatment for 6 hours emerged as the most effective in promoting germination percentages and enhancing the growth performance of okra, serving as a positive control in the study.