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Objective: To determine the frequency and associated factors of physical activity and sleep with depression in college going students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among students of various universities, colleges, and institutes of Delhi from April to July 2022. Students aged between 18-26 years, consisting of both males and females were included. Physical activity level was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short Form (IPAQ-SF), depression level was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) survey, and sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Of 120 participants, there were 48 (40.0%) males and 72 (60.0%) females. Most of the students had moderate/high physical activity 88 (73.3%), 63 (52.5%) had no symptoms of depression and 70 (58.3%) had no difficulty in sleep. A significant association of physical activity was found with gender (p-value 0.036), smoking (pvalue 0.022), alcohol (p-value 0.033), pocket money (p-value 0.033), and depression (p-value 0.007). Sleep dysfunction was found higher in those students who had depression as compared to students who did not have depression i.e., 34 (59.6%) vs. 16 (25.4%) respectively (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Most students demonstrated sufficient physical activity, no symptoms of depression and difficulty in sleep. However, significant associations of physical activity and sleep were seen with depression. Students with symptoms of depression had higher prevalence of sleep dysfunction. The causal connections between levels of physical activity, sleep quality, and mental health require further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Throughout that process of menopause, a slew of health and fitness problems arise, all of which have a major effect on a woman's standard of living. Health-related physical fitness has been described as an individual's cardiac fitness (aerobic capacity), musculoskeletal fitness, and body composition. Aim: To investigate and compare the health and fitness of postmenopausal women in rural and urban Gurugram. Settings and Design: The postmenopausal women of Gurugram, both urban (n = 175) and rural (n = 175), who attended the outpatient department of SGT Hospital in the urban area and a house-to-house survey in the rural area, were the subjects of a cross-sectional survey that was carried out using interviews and a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Levels of physical activity (PA) were assessed using the International PA Questionnaire (short form). The evaluation of body composition, which was the following step, included determining one's body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Six-minute Walk Distance Test was used to assess cardiopulmonary fitness. Through chair squat tests, sit-and-reach tests, and grip tests, researchers were able to measure the lower limb strength, flexibility, and upper limb strength of participants. Results: The mean age of subjects was 53.61 ± 5.08 years. Most commonly reported health problems were hypertension (31.3%), hyperlipidemia (21.2%), and diabetes (13.4%). Odds of urban women developing hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and myocardial infarction (MI) were found to be 0.61, 0.42, and 0.96 times higher than rural women. There was a statistically significant difference for the squat test, grip test, body composition parameters, and aerobic capacity; however, no statistically significant difference was seen for sit-and-reach test (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The current research shows that postmenopausal women living in metropolitan areas may face higher health risks since they are more prone to develop hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and MI. Furthermore, all fitness metrics - aside from flexibility - were higher for rural women. The results of the current study highlight the urgent need for health promotion initiatives to enhance the health and fitness of urban postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neonatal death remains a global challenge contributing to 45% of underfive deaths. With rising institutional delivery, to accelerate decline in neonatal mortality rate (NMR) improvement in the quality of perinatal care requires attention. Objectives: This implementation research targeted improving service delivery readiness for quality of newborn care at public health facilities in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, with high NMR. Materials and Methods: This before-after study assessed the facility readiness and quality of newborn services at 42 health facilities. The changes in 26 signal functions for routine and emergency obstetric and newborn care were tracked. Results: There was marked improvement in newborn service availability: skilled birth attendants (51%), resuscitation (30%), and kangaroo mother care (27%) at these facilities. A multifold rise in newborn resuscitation efforts and documentation (n = 4431 vs. n = 144 in preintervention period) with high success rate (98.6%) was observed. There was also improvement in obstetric care services including partograph use (31%) and active management of third stage of labor (46%). However, several infrastructural indicators (electricity, water supply, toilets, and sanitation) remained unchanged. Conclusion: Overall improvements were observed in the majority of the signal functions for perinatal care and newborn resuscitation efforts. There was a limited impact on the infrastructural and supervision components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses non-health subjects in the discipline community medicine sharing his concerns surrounding the lack of medical knowledge in non-medical personnel who study the discipline. He offers his views on topics including the incorporation of allied subjects to medical sciences over time, health economics as a well developed discipline in the health sector and the need for specialist doctors in public health sector.