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Background: Head injury remains one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Approximately 10 to 50% of patients with head injury developed disability at some point in their illness, and represent one of the most common brain casualty encountered by neurosurgeons. Objective: This study was aimed to assess and evaluate a group of patients with open head injury including depressed skull fracture and skull fractures associated with epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma or foreign body penetration regarding surgical management and post-operative results. Patients and methods: The study was done prospectively in the Neurosurgery Department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals and Matareya Teaching Hospital; the study included 30 patients with acute open traumatic head injury requiring surgical intervention in the form of Decompressive. Craniotomy with evacuation of hematomas if existed or elevation of depressed skull fractured bones. Results: In this study, depressed fracture was present in 17 cases, fissure fracture in 7 cases, skull base fracture in 2 cases, diastatic fracture in 1 case and beveling (bullet inlet and exit) in 1case. Also, in this study, 9 cases (30%) had Glasgow Outcome Score I (GOS I), 3 cases (10%) had GOS III, 3 cases (10%) had GOS IV and 15 cases (50%) had GOS V. Regarding the overall complications, chest infections were detected in 4 cases, frontal manifestations in 1 case, grade 4 Lt. sided weakness in 1 case, stable GCS at 14 in 2 cases, reoperation in 1 case and right hemiparesis in 1 case. Conclusion: It could be concluded that surgical intervention is the ideal solution for the management of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) with persistent increased ICP when the other medical management fail under the good circumstances of early intervention and the other factors.

Background: Substance, which use among the youth worldwide is a major problem that has elicited concern from different individuals and groups. In Egypt, drug dependence is considered one of the serious problems that worry both the people and government; however, epidemiological data on drug dependence are still few. Drug addiction is one of the serious problems that worry the Egyptian government, as it deals with young people within the age of work and productivity. It may lead to many problems such as bad social adaptation, decreasing productivity at work or dismissing from job. Aim of the work: The study aims to give an information about the degree of prevalence of a social problem like drugs of abuse in ages more than 18 years in the Egyptian society from May 2016 to April 2017. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study which done on random urine sample of 500 persons in age of more than 18 years coming to outpatient clinics of Al-Azhar university hospitals namely El-Hussein and Bab Elshaaria university hospitals after taking full history for each one (patient sheet) with informed written consent. Results: This study found that prevalence of drugs abuse among all studied sample, negative were 215 (43.0%), and positive were 285 (57.0%). Regarding prevalence of types of drugs abuse among all studied sample; negative was 215 (43.0%), THC 105 (21.0%), THC & Opiate 15 (3.0%), THC & tramadol were 40 (8.0%), THC, tramadol & opiate 20 (4.0%), tramadol 55 (11.0%) and tramadol & opiate were 50 (10.0%). Percent of males was significantly higher among the studied groups positive than negative (100.0%, 95.3% respectively, p =0.000). Mean value of age was significantly lower among the studied groups positive than negative (37.96, 43.88 respectively, p