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"Education is everything you see and hear" said Nicolae Iorga. We regard education as a strategic development factor since an economy cannot be competitive unless its workforce is well-trained. On the other hand, education is what differentiates us as individuals, as peoples. The topic of the current research is based on the analysis of educational policies developed in Romania during the transition and posttransition period. Public policies are not identified with politics, even if they are related to the political system. The political interference in education has generated the fragmentation of the reform, legislative instability, the incoherence of educational policies. The consequences of this undesirable interference are reflected, today, in the paideutic deadlock in which the Romanian school finds itself. Starting from this reality, we appreciate that a rethinking of educational policies is required, aimed at a new axiological education, a "re-evaluation of all values" in the context of Europeanization and globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diminished trust of citizens in the public sector, the increased complexity of policy issues and the reforms in accordance with the new public management principles generate the need of focusing more extensively on participatory governance. Participatory governance can be defined as the genuine engagement of citizens and other organizations in the formulation of policies and strategies, in the decision-making process from the public sector and in the implementation of the decisions. The present paper's objectives are to define the concept of participatory governance, to argue in favor of implementing it in the public sector and to find to what extent public healthcare institutions from Scandinavian and Baltic countries publish information on participatory governance and how they perceive community engagement. The research findings are that the information on participatory governance disclosed on the websites of relevant institutions from within the Scandinavian and Baltic public healthcare systems is scarce. The countries with the greatest concern for community engagement are Denmark and Sweden. It is argued that there should be a shift in focus within the public sector in general and within the healthcare system in particular, so that citizens are genuinely involved in the relevant processes and their satisfaction is indeed at an adequate level.

The present paper starts out from the challenge regarding auditor tenure launched in 2010 by the Green Paper of the European Commission Audit Policy: Lessons from the Crisis. According to this document, the European Commission speaks both in favor of the mandatory rotation of the audit firm, and in favor of the mandatory rotation of audit partners. Rotation is considered a solution to mitigate threats to independence generated by familiarity, intimidation and self-interest in the context of a long-term audit-client relationship. At international level, there are several studies on auditor rotation, both empirical (e.g. Lu and Sivaramakrishnan, 2009, Li, 2010, Kaplan and Mauldin, 2008, Jackson et al., 2008) and normative in nature (e.g. Marten et al., 2007, Muller, 2006 and Gelter, 2004). The objective of the present paper is to perform a critical and comparative analysis of the regulations on internal and external rotation in force at international level, in the European Union and in the United States of America. Moreover, arguments both in favor and against mandatory rotation are brought into discussion. With regard to the research design, the paper has a normative approach. The main findings are first of all that by comparison, all regulatory authorities require internal rotation at least in the case of public interest entities, while the external rotation is not in the focus of the regulators. In general, the most strict and detailed requirements are those issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission from the United States of America. Second of all, in favor of mandatory rotation speaks the fact that the auditor becomes less resilient in case of divergence of opinions between him and company management, less stimulated to follow his own interest, and more scrupulous in conducting the audit. However, mandatory rotation may also have negative consequences, thus the debate on the opportunity of this regulatory measure remains open-ended.

The European Union is currently affected by the financial crisis that spread internationally. The member states face difficulties such as price volatility, uncertainties, liquidity issues, cases of bankruptcy, increased unemployment rate, and decreasing GDP. The present paper analyses the challenges faced under these new circumstances by the European companies and their stakeholders. By taking into consideration the threats and weaknesses faced by firms and other interested parties, we emphasize the importance that transparency and communication among companies and their stakeholder have in overcoming financial difficulties.

The idea underlying the current article as well as our research work refers to will as a source of freedom and, implicitly, of the evil that dominates the current world. Moreover, the weakness of the will could generate the decline of morality and the decline of being that the world is facing today. Starting from philosophical texts and reference psychological research, we propose to delimit the philosophical approach to will from the psychological one, concluding that only the will as a psychic process can be educated, the qualities of will becoming character traits and, implicitly, personality traits, along the ontogenetic evolution of man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pharmacological activation of the prosurvival kinases Akt and ERK-1/2 at reperfusion, after a period of lethal ischemia, protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects the heart by phosphorylating the prosurvival kinases Akt and ERK-1/2 at reperfusion. In isolated perfused Sprague-Dawley rat hearts subjected to 35 min of lethal ischemia, the phosphorylation states of Akt, ERK-1/2, and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) were determined after 15 min of reperfusion, and infarct size was measured after 120 min of reperfusion. IPC induced a biphasic response in Akt and ERK-1/2 phosphorylation during the preconditioning and reperfusion phases after the period of lethal ischemia. IPC induced a fourfold increase in Akt, ERK-1/2, and p70S6K phosphorylation at reperfusion and reduced the infarct risk-to-volume ratio (56.9 [+ or -] 5.7 and 20.9 [+ or -] 3.6% for control and IPC, respectively, P < 0.01). Inhibiting the IPC-induced phosphorylation of Akt, ERK-1/2, and p70S6K at reperfusion with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY-294002 or the MEK-1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 abrogated IPC-induced protection (46.3 [+ or -] 5.8, 49.2 [+ or -] 4.0, and 20.9 [+ or -] 3.6% for IPC + LY-294002, IPC + PD-98059, and IPC, respectively, P < 0.01), demonstrating that the phosphorylation of these kinases at reperfusion is required for IPC-induced protection. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the reperfusion phase following sustained ischemia plays an essential role in mediating IPC-induced protection. Specifically, we demonstrate that IPC protects the heart by phosphorylating the prosurvival kinases Akt and ERK-1/2 at reperfusion. mitogen-activated protein kinases; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt; myocardial infarction; reperfusion injury

Fish represent a good source of animal protein which contains all the essential amino acids. Also, fish meat is an important source of valuable lipids, micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals with several benefits for human health. In this context, the biochemical composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), white bream (Blicca bjoerkna), barbel (Barbus barbus), asp (Aspius aspius), common bream (Abramis brama), ide (Leuciscus idus), Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), and Pontic shad (Alosa immaculata) from the Danube River was studied to evaluate their nutritional value. Fish were captured in the year 2020, during the spring season (march-may), between km 169 of the river (Brăila) and km 197 of the Danube River (Gropeni). Fish samples were analyzed for water, protein, fat, moisture and ash, at the Nutrition Laboratory of Faculty of Food Science, University Dunărea de Jos, from Galați. From the obtained results we can conclude that the analyzed fish meat of some species from the Danube River represents a valuable source the consumers healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemia-reperfusion induces both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. The ability of adenosine to attenuate reperfusion-induced injury (RI) and the role played by adenosine receptors are unclear. We therefore studied the role of the [A.sub.3] receptor ([A.sub.3]R) in ameliorating RI using the specific [A.sub.3]R agonist 1-[2-chloro-6-[[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]amino]-9H-purin-9-yl] -1-deoxi-N-methyl-b-D-ribofuranuronamide (2-Cl-IB-MECA). Isolated rat hearts and cardiomyocytes were subjected to ischemia or simulated ischemia, followed by reperfusion/reoxygenation. The end points were percent infarction/risk zone and annexin-V (apoptosis) and/or propidium iodide positivity (necrosis), respectively. In isolated hearts, 2-Cl-IB-MECA significantly limited infarct size (44.2 [+ or -] 2.7% in control vs. 21.9 [+ or -] 2.4% at 1 nM and 35.8 [+ or -] 3.3% at 0.1 nM, P < 0.05). In isolated myocytes, apoptosis and necrosis were significantly reduced compared with controls (5.7 [+ or -] 2.6% vs. 17.1 [+ or -] 1.3% and 13.7 [+ or -] 2.0% vs. 23.1 [+ or -] 1.5%, respectively, P < 0.0001). In both models, the beneficial effects were abrogated using the [A.sub.3]R antagonist MRS- 1191. The involvement of [A.sub.2a] receptor activation was also examined. This is the first study to demonstrate that [A.sub.3]R activation at reperfusion limits myocardial injury in the isolated rat heart and improves survival in isolated myocytes, possibly by antiapoptotic and antinecrotic mechanisms. reperfusion injury; necrosis; apoptosis