12 results on '"Miroslav Rozkot"'
Search Results
2. The Effect of Different Farrowing Housing Systems on the Reproductive Performance of Sows and the Losses and Growth of Piglets
- Author
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Pavel Nevrkla, Jan Sečkář, Eva Weisbauerová, Pavel Horký, Drahomíra Čtvrtlíková Knitlová, Alena Lustyková, Zdeněk Hadaš, and Miroslav Rozkot
- Subjects
housing of sows ,alternative pens ,losses of piglets ,crushing ,growth of piglets ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to analyze the reproductive performance of sows and the losses and growth of piglets in three different systems of farrowing houses. A total of 120 sows of the Prestice Black-Pied breed were included in the study with 40 litters evaluated in each of the systems. The housing systems compared were conventional farrowing cages, pens with temporary fixation, and free farrowing pens. The housing system significantly affected the length of pregnancy (p < 0.05). Its effect was 0.35 days shorter in the sows in the free-farrowing system than in the cage technology and 0.6 days shorter than in the temporary fixation. Housing also influenced the onset of post-weaning oestrus (p < 0.01), which occurred 0.31 days earlier in the sows in a free-farrowing system and in those in pens with temporary fixation. A significant effect of housing on the overall losses of piglets (p < 0.05) was also found. The crushing of piglets by sows was also significantly affected by the housing system (p < 0.05), with the highest incidence found in the free-farrowing system. The effect of the housing system on the individual weaning weight of piglets was also found to be significant (p < 0.001). The piglets of the sows in the free housing system showed higher growth intensity when compared to piglets in the other housing systems. In conclusion, it can be stated that the lowest losses caused by the crushing of piglets were found in the cage systems. However, the combined system seems to be very perspective in terms of losses of piglets. The free-farrowing system has positive effects on the growth of piglets.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Influence of feed substitution with acorns on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition of Prestice Black-Pied pigs finished in a conventional indoor system
- Author
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Jaroslava Belkova, Miroslav Rozkot, Eva Weisbauerova, and Jana Truneckova
- Subjects
acorn ,pig ,alternative feed ,meat quality ,Agriculture ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
AbstractWith their considerable nutritive value, acorns have long been a natural feed source for pigs and, in recent years, fattening pigs with acorns has become very popular even in countries where it has not traditionally been customary. The meat of pigs finished with acorns has a unique flavour and fat profile as reflected by fatty acids content. We decided to determine the nutritional value of the most common species of acorns in Central Europe (Quercus robur) and examine the effects of this feed upon fattening performance, carcass value, and the composition of meat and fat produced by indoor finishing of pigs, as forest grazing is prohibited here. We conclude that the Prestice Black-Pied breed can be fattened utilizing a mixed feed containing acorns at the level of 10% under intensive conditions without significantly changing the performance parameters (average daily gain was 750 g versus 761 g in the control group). We found improvements in fatty acid profiles of intramuscular fat away from saturated toward monounsaturated. The improvements in the fatty acid profiles, similar to those seen in pigs raised in sylvan settings, create pork that may benefit human health. Acorns can constitute an alternative feedstuff even for pigs finished indoors and bring new benefits to agriculture in modern times.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Vascular Remodeling of Clinically Used Patches and Decellularized Pericardial Matrices Recellularized with Autologous or Allogeneic Cells in a Porcine Carotid Artery Model
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Jaroslav Chlupac, Roman Matejka, Miroslav Konarik, Robert Novotny, Zuzana Simunkova, Iveta Mrazova, Ondrej Fabian, Milan Zapletal, Zdenek Pulda, Jan Falk Lipensky, Jana Stepanovska, Karel Hanzalek, Antonin Broz, Tomas Novak, Alena Lodererova, Ludek Voska, Theodor Adla, Jiri Fronek, Miroslav Rozkot, Serhiy Forostyak, Peter Kneppo, Lucie Bacakova, and Jan Pirk
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blood vessel prosthesis ,decellularization ,cell seeding ,tissue engineering ,allograft ,heterograft ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular surgery is confronted by a lack of suitable materials for patch repair. Acellular animal tissues serve as an abundant source of promising biomaterials. The aim of our study was to explore the bio-integration of decellularized or recellularized pericardial matrices in vivo. Methods: Porcine (allograft) and ovine (heterograft, xenograft) pericardia were decellularized using 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate ((1) Allo-decel and (2) Xeno-decel). We used two cell types for pressure-stimulated recellularization in a bioreactor: autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) isolated from subcutaneous fat of pigs ((3) Allo-ASC and (4) Xeno-ASC) and allogeneic Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJCs) ((5) Allo-WJC and (6) Xeno-WJC). These six experimental patches were implanted in porcine carotid arteries for one month. For comparison, we also implanted six types of control patches, namely, arterial or venous autografts, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE Propaten® Gore®), polyethylene terephthalate (PET Vascutek®), chemically stabilized bovine pericardium (XenoSure®), and detoxified porcine pericardium (BioIntegral® NoReact®). The grafts were evaluated through the use of flowmetry, angiography, and histological examination. Results: All grafts were well-integrated and patent with no signs of thrombosis, stenosis, or aneurysm. A histological analysis revealed that the arterial autograft resembled a native artery. All other control and experimental patches developed neo-adventitial inflammation (NAI) and neo-intimal hyperplasia (NIH), and the endothelial lining was present. NAI and NIH were most prominent on XenoSure® and Xeno-decel and least prominent on NoReact®. In xenografts, the degree of NIH developed in the following order: Xeno-decel > Xeno-ASC > Xeno-WJC. NAI and patch resorption increased in Allo-ASC and Xeno-ASC and decreased in Allo-WJC and Xeno-WJC. Conclusions: In our setting, pre-implant seeding with ASC or WJC had a modest impact on vascular patch remodeling. However, ASC increased the neo-adventitial inflammatory reaction and patch resorption, suggesting accelerated remodeling. WJC mitigated this response, as well as neo-intimal hyperplasia on xenografts, suggesting immunomodulatory properties.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
5. The Indigenous Prestice Black-Pied Pig Breed Differs from a Commercial Hybrid in Growth Intensity, Carcass Value and Meat Quality
- Author
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Pavel Nevrkla, Eva Václavková, and Miroslav Rozkot
- Subjects
local breed ,three-breed hybrid ,growth ability ,carcass value ,meat quality ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The study was designed for the comparison of barrows and gilts of two contrasting genotypes in terms of growth ability, carcass value and meat quality. A total of 76 pigs (from 7 ± 1 kg to 95 ± 6 kg) of the indigenous breed Prestice Black-Pied (PB) and the commercial hybrid of Large White × Landrace × Large Whitesireline (CH) were included in this study. The groups were balanced regarding genotype and sex. Live weight at the age of 79 days (p < 0.001), live weight at slaughter (p < 0.01), average daily gain (p < 0.001), weight of carcass and left carcass side (p < 0.05) and ham proportion (p < 0.001) were higher in the CH group. The values of the given parameters were higher in barrows than in gilts. The effect of genotype and sex interaction was observed in lean meat content (p < 0.05) and backfat thickness (p < 0.01). The CH gilts showed the highest lean meat content and the lowest backfat thickness compared to the lowest values in the PB barrows. The value of pH45 (p < 0.01) and intramuscular fat content were higher in the PB group. The lightness (p < 0.001), yellowness (p < 0.01), drip loss (p < 0.05) and protein content were lower in the PB group. Higher values of lightness (p < 0.05), yellowness (p < 0.05) and cholesterol content (p < 0.05) were observed in the boars. Oxidative stability of the meat (malondialdehyde content) was more favorable in the PB pigs. The effect of genotype and sex interaction was confirmed for the pH24 value (the highest value was found in the PB barrows and the lowest in the CH barrows, p < 0.001) and for the dry matter content (lowest in the PB gilts and highest in the CH barrows, p < 0.05). Overall, the PB pigs were characterized by inferior growth and carcass parameters, however, with more favorable parameters for meat quality.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effect of Knotweed in Diet on Physiological Changes in Pig
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Petr Maděra, Marcela Kovářová, Tomáš Frantík, Radek Filipčík, Jan Novák, Štěpán Vencl, Lucie Maděrová, Miroslav Rozkot, Stanislava Kuchařová, Eva Václavková, Jana Truněčková, Jana Volková, Zora Nývltová, and Michal Bartoš
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Reynoutria ,fodder additive ,health condition ,Prestice Black-Pied pig ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Knotweeds (Reynoutria spp.) are plants producing useful secondary metabolites, including stilbenes (resveratrol and piceid have been studied more thoroughly) and emodin. Many studies have shown the positive effects of resveratrol on the health status of humans and animals. Resveratrol has been added into pigs’ diet as a pure extract, but it has never been supplemented into the fodder with knotweed biomass which contains other secondary metabolites, thus we would expect it would provide a more complex effect. The study objective is to discover whether the 2 weight percent addition of knotweed into pigs’ diet will have positive effects on their health. We compared two groups of Prestice Black-Pied pigs, the experimental group was fed by fodder with the knotweed rhizomes additive, the control group without knotweed additive. Investigated parameters were feed consumption, the composition of excrements, weight increment, muscle-to-fat ratio, fatty acid composition and blood haematology and biochemistry. The addition of knotweed stimulated a whole range of physiological changes. It positively stimulated weight growth and increased the back fat and proportion of muscle, but statistically significant only in gilts. On the other hand, the changes in fatty acid composition seemed to be unsatisfactory. It is the first study of the effects of knotweed on pigs’ development, and more detailed research is desirable.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Gilt rearing impacts on sow performance and longevity – a review
- Author
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Jaroslava Belkova and Miroslav Rozkot
- Subjects
Food Animals ,food and beverages ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
Lifetime performance and longevity are very important parameters of profitability in sow breeding. Opportunity to improve lifetime performance and longevity may be found in the rearing period and preparation of gilts for their future reproductive role. With the aim to prevent premature culling, it is possible to influence body condition, limb condition, mammary gland development, and proper function of the reproductive tract through nutrition, technology, and rearing strategies. Nutrition plays a very important role, as it can affect all the basic requirements for achieving satisfactory gilt performance. Selecting the most effective rearing strategy can be difficult because there are many factors affecting performance and longevity. The aim of this literature review is to provide up-to-date information on how sow longevity and performance can be influenced through choice of gilt rearing strategies and the important area of nutrition.
- Published
- 2022
8. IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NATURAL SUBSTANCES CONVENIENT FOR USE IN ANIMAL BREEDING INSTEAD OF ANTIBIOTICS
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Rudolf Kukla, Jaroslava Mazurová, Radek Sleha, Ilona Krovakova, Miroslav Rozkot, Eva Slehová, and Lubomír Opletal
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Emergency Medical Services ,Animal breeding ,Traditional medicine ,medicine.drug_class ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Antibiotics ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology ,Antimicrobial ,Natural (archaeology) ,In vitro ,Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous) ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2020
9. Effect of Knotweed in Diet on Physiological Changes in Pig
- Author
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Tomáš Frantík, Jana Truněčková, Lucie Maděrová, Štěpán Vencl, Stanislava Kuchařová, Eva Václavková, Petr Maděra, Marcela Kovářová, Jan Novák, Jana Volková, Miroslav Rozkot, Radek Filipčík, Zora Nývltová, and Michal Bartoš
- Subjects
Feed consumption ,Reynoutria ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Resveratrol ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Fodder ,health condition ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Prestice Black-Pied pig ,030304 developmental biology ,Piceid ,0303 health sciences ,Back fat ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Rhizome ,chemistry ,fodder additive ,Composition (visual arts) ,Emodin ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
Knotweeds (Reynoutria spp.) are plants producing useful secondary metabolites, including stilbenes (resveratrol and piceid have been studied more thoroughly) and emodin. Many studies have shown the positive effects of resveratrol on the health status of humans and animals. Resveratrol has been added into pigs’ diet as a pure extract, but it has never been supplemented into the fodder with knotweed biomass which contains other secondary metabolites, thus we would expect it would provide a more complex effect. The study objective is to discover whether the 2 weight percent addition of knotweed into pigs’ diet will have positive effects on their health. We compared two groups of Prestice Black-Pied pigs, the experimental group was fed by fodder with the knotweed rhizomes additive, the control group without knotweed additive. Investigated parameters were feed consumption, the composition of excrements, weight increment, muscle-to-fat ratio, fatty acid composition and blood haematology and biochemistry. The addition of knotweed stimulated a whole range of physiological changes. It positively stimulated weight growth and increased the back fat and proportion of muscle, but statistically significant only in gilts. On the other hand, the changes in fatty acid composition seemed to be unsatisfactory. It is the first study of the effects of knotweed on pigs’ development, and more detailed research is desirable.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A porcine model of skin wound infected with a polybacterial biofilm
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Petr Danek, Rastislav Slavkovsky, Jana Matonohova, Martin Sojka, Jan Nemec, Vladimir Velebny, Vojtech Pavlik, Pavel Klein, Miroslav Rozkot, Jan Kučera, Katarzyna Maria Szuszkiewicz, and Gabriela Kubickova
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Wound Healing ,Time Factors ,integumentary system ,Skin wound ,Swine ,business.industry ,Biofilm ,Aquatic Science ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Disease Models, Animal ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Biofilms ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Enterococcus faecalis ,Wound Infection ,Animals ,Medicine ,business ,Bacillus subtilis ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
A clinically relevant porcine model of a biofilm-infected wound was established in 10 minipigs. The wounds of six experimental animals were infected with a modified polymicrobial Lubbock chronic wound biofilm consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Four animals served as uninfected controls. The wounds were monitored until they had healed for 24 days. The biofilm persisted in the wounds up to day 14 and significantly affected healing. The control to infected healed wound area ratios were: 45%/21%, 66%/37%, and 90%/57% on days 7, 10 and 14, respectively. The implanted biofilm prolonged inflammation, increased necrosis, delayed granulation and impaired development of the extracellular matrix as seen in histological and gene expression analyses. This model provides a therapeutic one-week window for testing of anti-biofilm treatments and for research on the pathogenesis of wound infections in pig that is clinically the most relevant animal wound healing model.
- Published
- 2018
11. Sugar and nutritional extremism
- Author
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Miroslav Rozkot, Iva Podhorna, Petr Danek, Jaroslava Belkova, Pavel Klein, and Jana Matonohova
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0301 basic medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Health Behavior ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Blame ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental health ,Diabetes mellitus ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Sugar ,media_common ,Sedentary lifestyle ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Consumption (economics) ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Biotechnology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Sedentary Behavior ,business ,Nutritive Sweeteners ,Food Science - Abstract
For many, sugar represents a threat to their health, a perception that is driven by increase in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, which directly or indirectly is connected with the consumption of sugar. However, is sugar to blame for this health crisis, or are sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet equally important? Today, sugars and fats are being targeted for restriction or even prohibition. Should we get rid of sugar altogether and/or does it merit a reprieve? Is the effort to "outlaw" sugars a symptom of nutritional extremism that can be as harmful as any other type of extremism?
- Published
- 2016
12. Use of natural substances for boar semen decontamination
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A. Lustykova, J. Lipensky, Rudolf Kukla, Jaroslava Mazurová, Eva Slehová, Radek Sleha, Lubomír Opletal, and Miroslav Rozkot
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,General Veterinary ,Ethyl gallate ,Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Carvacrol ,Food science ,Octyl gallate ,Gallic acid ,Methyl gallate ,Antibacterial activity ,Thymol ,Propyl gallate - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and toxicity for sperm cells of the natural substances gallic acid, methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, thymol, carvacrol and eugenol. The antibacterial activity of these natural substances and selected combinations of them against bacte - rial strains isolated from boar ejaculates was determined using the microdilution and macrodilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth. The most effective natural substances against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria included in our study were thymol and carvacrol with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 300-600 µg/ml. Gallic acid exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (MIC values of 300-2400 µg/ml), whereas the ranges of MIC values against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus sp. strains were higher. Octyl gallate exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against staphylococci and enterococci (MIC values of 18.8-75 µg/ml) than against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MIC values in the ranges of 300-600 µg/ml and 1200-2400 µg/ml, respectively. Thymol combined with carvacrol was the most effective combination against enterococci (MIC values of 75-300 : 150 thymol : carvacrol) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC values of 75-300 : 300 thymol : carvacrol), bacteria which are known to be frequently resistant to antimicrobials. Similar results were determined for the combination of carvacrol and eugenol against staphylococci and enterococci. The results of the combinations revealed more of an additive rather than a synergistic effect. Thymol and carvacrol were the most effective natural substances against the bacteria included in this study, with a low toxicity for sperm cells compared to other substances, suggesting their possible use for boar semen decontamination.
- Published
- 2015
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