11 results on '"Mirazon Lahr M"'
Search Results
2. Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Palaeolithic foragers
- Author
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Sikora, M, Seguin-Orlando, A, Sousa, VC, Albrechtsen, A, Korneliussen, T, Ko, A, Rasmussen, S, Dupanloup, I, Nigst, PR, Bosch, MD, Renaud, G, Allentoft, ME, Margaryan, A, Vasilyev, SV, Veselovskaya, EV, Borutskaya, SB, Deviese, T, Comeskey, D, Higham, T, Manica, A, Foley, RA, Meltzer, DJ, Nielsen, R, Excoffier, L, Mirazon Lahr, M, Orlando, L, Willerslev, E, Nigst, Philip [0000-0001-7330-8768], Bosch, Dorothea [0000-0002-2829-3832], Manica, Andrea [0000-0003-1895-450X], Foley, Robert [0000-0003-0479-3039], Mirazon Lahr, Marta [0000-0001-5752-5770], Willerslev, Eske [0000-0002-7081-6748], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Population Density ,Genome, Human ,Humans ,Reproductive Behavior ,DNA, Ancient ,Social Behavior ,History, Ancient ,Russia - Abstract
Present-day hunter-gatherers (HGs) live in multilevel social groups essential to sustain a population structure characterized by limited levels of within-band relatedness and inbreeding. When these wider social networks evolved among HGs is unknown. Here, we investigate whether the contemporary HG strategy was already present in the Upper Paleolithic (UP), using complete genome sequences from Sunghir, a site dated to ~34 thousand years BP (kya) containing multiple anatomically modern human (AMH) individuals. Wedemonstrate that individuals at Sunghir derive from a population of small effective size, with limited kinship and levels of inbreeding similar to HG populations. Our findings suggest that UP social organization was similar to that of living HGs, with limited relatedness within residential groups embedded in a larger mating network.
- Published
- 2017
3. New evidence suggesting a dissociated etiology for cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis
- Author
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Rivera, F, Mirazon Lahr, M, Mirazon Lahr, Marta [0000-0001-5752-5770], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
cribra orbitalia ,scurvy ,computed tomography ,cranial vault thickness ,anemia - Abstract
Objectives: Porotic hyperostosis, characterized by porotic lesions on the cranial vault, and $\textit{cribra orbitalia}$, a localized appearance of porotic lesions on the roof of the orbits, are relatively common osteological conditions. Their etiology has been the focus of several studies, and an association with anemia has long been suggested. Anemia often causes bone marrow hypertrophy or hyperplasia, leading to the expansion in trabecular or cranial diploic bone as a result of increased hematopoiesis. Hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia is often coupled with a disruption of the remodeling process of outer cortical bone, cranially and/or post-cranially, leading to the externally visible porotic lesions reported in osteological remains. In this paper, we investigate whether individuals with cribra orbitalia have increased thickness of the diploë, the common morphological direct effect of increased hematopoiesis, and thus test the relationship between the two conditions, as well as explore the type of anemia that underlie it. Methods: An analysis of medical CT scans of a worldwide sample of 98 complete, young to middle-aged adult dry skulls from the Duckworth Collection was conducted on male and female cribrotic individuals (n= 23) and non-cribrotic individuals (n= 75), all of whom lacked any evidence of porotic lesions on the vault. Measurements of total and partial cranial thickness were obtained by virtual landmark placement, using the Amira 5.4 software; all analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS 21. Results: Cribriotic individuals have significantly thinner diploic bone and thicker outer and inner tables than non-cribriotic individuals, contrary to the expected diploic expansion that would result from anemic conditions associated to bone marrow hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Additionally, individuals without cribra orbitalia and those with the condition have distinctive cranial thickness at particular locations across the skull and the severity to which cribra orbitalia is expressed also differentiates between those with mild and those with a moderate to severe form of the condition. Conclusions: Our results suggest a complex pattern of causality in relation to the pathologies that may lead to the formation of porotic lesions on the vault and the roof of the orbits. A form of anemia may be behind the osteological changes observed in porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia, but it is unlikely to be the same type of anemic condition that underlies both types of osteological lesions. We suggest that cribra orbitalia may be associated to anemias that lead to diploic bone hypocellularity and hypoplasia, such as those caused by anemia of chronic disease and, to a lesser extent, of renal failure, aplastic anemia, protein deficiency and anemia of endocrine disorders, and not those that lead to bone marrow hypercellularity and hyperplasia and potential porotic hyperostosis. This leads us to the conclusion that the terms porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia should be used to reflect different underlying conditions.
- Published
- 2017
4. The Light Skin Allele of SLC24A5 in South Asians and Europeans Shares Identity by Descent
- Author
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Akey, JM, Mallick, CB, Iliescu, FM, Mols, M, Hill, S, Tamang, R, Chaubey, G, Goto, R, Ho, SYW, Romero, IG, Crivellaro, F, Hudjashov, G, Rai, N, Metspalu, M, Mascie-Taylor, CGN, Pitchappan, R, Singh, L, Mirazon-Lahr, M, Thangaraj, K, Villems, R, Kivisild, T, Akey, JM, Mallick, CB, Iliescu, FM, Mols, M, Hill, S, Tamang, R, Chaubey, G, Goto, R, Ho, SYW, Romero, IG, Crivellaro, F, Hudjashov, G, Rai, N, Metspalu, M, Mascie-Taylor, CGN, Pitchappan, R, Singh, L, Mirazon-Lahr, M, Thangaraj, K, Villems, R, and Kivisild, T
- Abstract
Skin pigmentation is one of the most variable phenotypic traits in humans. A non-synonymous substitution (rs1426654) in the third exon of SLC24A5 accounts for lighter skin in Europeans but not in East Asians. A previous genome-wide association study carried out in a heterogeneous sample of UK immigrants of South Asian descent suggested that this gene also contributes significantly to skin pigmentation variation among South Asians. In the present study, we have quantitatively assessed skin pigmentation for a largely homogeneous cohort of 1228 individuals from the Southern region of the Indian subcontinent. Our data confirm significant association of rs1426654 SNP with skin pigmentation, explaining about 27% of total phenotypic variation in the cohort studied. Our extensive survey of the polymorphism in 1573 individuals from 54 ethnic populations across the Indian subcontinent reveals wide presence of the derived-A allele, although the frequencies vary substantially among populations. We also show that the geospatial pattern of this allele is complex, but most importantly, reflects strong influence of language, geography and demographic history of the populations. Sequencing 11.74 kb of SLC24A5 in 95 individuals worldwide reveals that the rs1426654-A alleles in South Asian and West Eurasian populations are monophyletic and occur on the background of a common haplotype that is characterized by low genetic diversity. We date the coalescence of the light skin associated allele at 22-28 KYA. Both our sequence and genome-wide genotype data confirm that this gene has been a target for positive selection among Europeans. However, the latter also shows additional evidence of selection in populations of the Middle East, Central Asia, Pakistan and North India but not in South India.
- Published
- 2013
5. Philippine Mitochondrial DNA Diversity: A Populated Viaduct between Taiwan and Indonesia?
- Author
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Tabbada, K. A., primary, Trejaut, J., additional, Loo, J.-H., additional, Chen, Y.-M., additional, Lin, M., additional, Mirazon-Lahr, M., additional, Kivisild, T., additional, and De Ungria, M. C. A., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Philippine Mitochondrial DNA Diversity: A Populated Viaduct between Taiwan and Indonesia?
- Author
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Tabbada, K. A., primary, Trejaut, J., additional, Loo, J.-H., additional, Chen, Y.-M., additional, Lin, M., additional, Mirazon-Lahr, M., additional, Kivisild, T., additional, and De Ungria, M. C. A., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations
- Author
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UNDERHILL, P. A., primary, PASSARINO, G., additional, LIN, A. A., additional, SHEN, P., additional, MIRAZON LAHR, M., additional, FOLEY, R. A., additional, OEFNER, P. J., additional, and CAVALLI-SFORZA, L. L., additional
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers.
- Author
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Sikora M, Seguin-Orlando A, Sousa VC, Albrechtsen A, Korneliussen T, Ko A, Rasmussen S, Dupanloup I, Nigst PR, Bosch MD, Renaud G, Allentoft ME, Margaryan A, Vasilyev SV, Veselovskaya EV, Borutskaya SB, Deviese T, Comeskey D, Higham T, Manica A, Foley R, Meltzer DJ, Nielsen R, Excoffier L, Mirazon Lahr M, Orlando L, and Willerslev E
- Subjects
- DNA, Ancient, History, Ancient, Humans, Population Density, Russia, Genome, Human, Reproductive Behavior history, Social Behavior history
- Abstract
Present-day hunter-gatherers (HGs) live in multilevel social groups essential to sustain a population structure characterized by limited levels of within-band relatedness and inbreeding. When these wider social networks evolved among HGs is unknown. To investigate whether the contemporary HG strategy was already present in the Upper Paleolithic, we used complete genome sequences from Sunghir, a site dated to ~34,000 years before the present, containing multiple anatomically modern human individuals. We show that individuals at Sunghir derive from a population of small effective size, with limited kinship and levels of inbreeding similar to HG populations. Our findings suggest that Upper Paleolithic social organization was similar to that of living HGs, with limited relatedness within residential groups embedded in a larger mating network., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The light skin allele of SLC24A5 in South Asians and Europeans shares identity by descent.
- Author
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Basu Mallick C, Iliescu FM, Möls M, Hill S, Tamang R, Chaubey G, Goto R, Ho SY, Gallego Romero I, Crivellaro F, Hudjashov G, Rai N, Metspalu M, Mascie-Taylor CG, Pitchappan R, Singh L, Mirazon-Lahr M, Thangaraj K, Villems R, and Kivisild T
- Subjects
- Alleles, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Haplotypes, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Antiporters genetics, Asian People genetics, Skin Pigmentation genetics, White People genetics
- Abstract
Skin pigmentation is one of the most variable phenotypic traits in humans. A non-synonymous substitution (rs1426654) in the third exon of SLC24A5 accounts for lighter skin in Europeans but not in East Asians. A previous genome-wide association study carried out in a heterogeneous sample of UK immigrants of South Asian descent suggested that this gene also contributes significantly to skin pigmentation variation among South Asians. In the present study, we have quantitatively assessed skin pigmentation for a largely homogeneous cohort of 1228 individuals from the Southern region of the Indian subcontinent. Our data confirm significant association of rs1426654 SNP with skin pigmentation, explaining about 27% of total phenotypic variation in the cohort studied. Our extensive survey of the polymorphism in 1573 individuals from 54 ethnic populations across the Indian subcontinent reveals wide presence of the derived-A allele, although the frequencies vary substantially among populations. We also show that the geospatial pattern of this allele is complex, but most importantly, reflects strong influence of language, geography and demographic history of the populations. Sequencing 11.74 kb of SLC24A5 in 95 individuals worldwide reveals that the rs1426654-A alleles in South Asian and West Eurasian populations are monophyletic and occur on the background of a common haplotype that is characterized by low genetic diversity. We date the coalescence of the light skin associated allele at 22-28 KYA. Both our sequence and genome-wide genotype data confirm that this gene has been a target for positive selection among Europeans. However, the latter also shows additional evidence of selection in populations of the Middle East, Central Asia, Pakistan and North India but not in South India., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Variation at diabetes- and obesity-associated Loci may mirror neutral patterns of human population diversity and diabetes prevalence in India.
- Author
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Raj SM, Halebeedu P, Kadandale JS, Mirazon Lahr M, Gallego Romero I, Yadhav JR, Iliescu M, Rai N, Crivellaro F, Chaubey G, Villems R, Thangaraj K, Muniyappa K, Chandra HS, and Kivisild T
- Subjects
- Alleles, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, India epidemiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prevalence, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus genetics, Genetic Loci, Genetic Variation, Obesity genetics
- Abstract
South Asian populations harbor a high degree of genetic diversity, due in part to demographic history. Two studies on genome-wide variation in Indian populations have shown that most Indian populations show varying degrees of admixture between ancestral north Indian and ancestral south Indian components. As a result of this structure, genetic variation in India appears to follow a geographic cline. Similarly, Indian populations seem to show detectable differences in diabetes and obesity prevalence between different geographic regions of the country. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation at diabetes- and obesity-associated loci may be potentially related to different genetic ancestries. We genotyped 2977 individuals from 61 populations across India for 18 SNPs in genes implicated in T2D and obesity. We examined patterns of variation in allele frequency across different geographical gradients and considered state of origin and language affiliation. Our results show that most of the 18 SNPs show no significant correlation with latitude, the geographic cline reported in previous studies, or by language family. Exceptions include KCNQ1 with latitude and THADA and JAK1 with language, which suggests that genetic variation at previously ascertained diabetes-associated loci may only partly mirror geographic patterns of genome-wide diversity in Indian populations., (© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/University College London.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A new deep branch of eurasian mtDNA macrohaplogroup M reveals additional complexity regarding the settlement of Madagascar.
- Author
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Ricaut FX, Razafindrazaka H, Cox MP, Dugoujon JM, Guitard E, Sambo C, Mormina M, Mirazon-Lahr M, Ludes B, and Crubézy E
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- Black People genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Haplotypes, Humans, Madagascar, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human, Genome, Mitochondrial, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Background: Current models propose that mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroups M and N evolved from haplogroup L3 soon after modern humans left Africa. Increasingly, however, analysis of isolated populations is filling in the details of, and in some cases challenging, aspects of this general model., Results: Here, we present the first comprehensive study of three such isolated populations from Madagascar: the Mikea hunter-gatherers, the neighbouring Vezo fishermen, and the Merina central highlanders (n = 266). Complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences reveal several unresolved lineages, and a new, deep branch of the out-of-Africa founder clade M has been identified. This new haplogroup, M23, has a limited global distribution, and is restricted to Madagascar and a limited range of African and Southwest Asian groups., Conclusions: The geographic distribution, phylogenetic placement and molecular age of M23 suggest that the colonization of Madagascar was more complex than previously thought.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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