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The genus Minibiotus is morphologically diverse, which may suggest its polyphyletic character. However, scarce genetic data and often also the lack of detailed morphological data currently do not allow for the verification of the relationships within this genus. Here, for the very first time, we provide an integrative description of a new Minibiotus species. Minibiotus ioculator sp. nov. from the Republic of South Africa differs from other congeners mainly by egg ornamentation with processes on the egg shell that resemble the hat of a royal jester. We also provide new taxonomic data on Minibiotus pentannulatus based on a population newly found in Tanzania, which constitutes the first African record of this species originally described from South America. Our study involved both classical taxonomic methods, which include morphological and morphometric analyses conducted with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy, and genetic data in the form of DNA sequences of four markers (three nuclear: 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2, and one mitochondrial: COI). The results of this study allow a discussion of species composition within Minibiotus and question the validity of the current diagnosis of the genus.

The study of tardigrade diversity in Mexico is at early stage of development, to date, 56 extant species have been reported. To identify the tardigrade fauna associated with mosses in the Iztacc&iacute, huatl volcano, we performed a systematic sampling along an altitudinal and multi-habitat gradient. A total of 57 moss samples were collected, 233 adults, 20 exuviae, and 40 free-laid tardigrade eggs were extracted from them. Five species were identified, and three putative species were determined. Diphascon mitrense and Minibiotus sidereus represents new records for Mexico and North America, while Adropion scoticum is a new record for Mexico. Additionally, one new species, Minibiotus citlalium sp. nov. was discovered, it resembles to Min. constellatus, Min. sidereus and Min. pentannulatus by the presence of a similar distribution pattern of star-shaped pores in the dorsal cuticle arranged in 11 transverse rows, which become double in the segments of the legs I&ndash, III, and by a very large star-shaped pore (5&ndash, 6 tips) on each leg of the fourth pair. Minibiotus citlalium sp. nov. differs from other Minibiotus species mainly by macroplacoid length sequence, presence of both small and large star-shaped pores on the external surface on all legs, and by egg processes with inconspicuous ornamentation.

There are no published records of water bears (Phylum Tardigrada) from Swaziland. Two samples of foliose lichen collected in 2010 contained nine tardigrade specimens and one egg belonging to five genera and seven species: Echiniscuscf.quadrispinosus,Milnesiumsp., Milnesiumcf.bohleberi, Hypsibiuscf.convergens,Ramazzottiussp., Macrobiotuscf.pallarii andMinibiotusharrylewisi. Milnesiumsp. resemblesMilnesiumlagniappe, a species from southeastern USA, in its cuticle, and possibly in the number of peribuccal lamellae. Specimens from Lesotho and South Africa previously identified asMilnesiumtardigradumare in fact Milnesiumcf.bohleberi. The habitus ofRamazzottiussp. is consistent withR.theroni, a southern African species, but due to the condition of the specimen the presence of cuticular sculpture cannot be definitively ruled out. Macrobiotuscf.pallarii differs fromM.pallariisensu strictoin some structural details of the egg processes. This is the first record ofMinibiotusharrylewisioutside of its type location in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

The use and characterization of cuticular attributes for separation and description of species has been traditionally used in heterotardigrades, however, despite that eutardigrades show structures in the cuticle with this potential use, the intra and interspecific variation of these characters using multivariate analysis (e.g., PCA, CVA) had not been analyzed. In this present study, the shape and size of the star-shaped pores of four Minibiotus species were analyzed under univariate and multivariate morphometric analysis of six morphological characters. Our approach to evaluate the variation of pores indicate the presence of species-specific cuticular phenotypes among M. citlalium, M. constellatus, M. sidereus and M. pentannulatus. The morphological differences in these elements of sculpture allowed us to acknowledge their range of variation, as well as the identification of new potential characters o recognize these taxa, which are included in a taxonomic key to identify them together with M. eichhorni, M. pseudostellarus and M. vinciguerrae.

The new species Minibiotus pentannulatus sp. nov., is described from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. It differs from the other species of the genus by star-shaped pores, the presence of a peculiar egg with a smooth shell, and small conical processes with 5 annulations. Other differences include the distribution and size of the pores, and other morphometric details regarding the size of the body and buccal tube, and the pt of the stylet support insertion point, macroplacoids and claws. To date, the genus Minibiotus R.O. Schuster, 1980, comprises 48 species, including the species described here.

Minibiotus cf. intermedius Material examined: Six specimens: near to Cueva El Infierno (25°18′30.95′′N, 100°12′37.85′′W, ca. 1522 m asl), La Camotera, Santiago, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Moss on pine (Pinus sp.), coll. Jose Juan Flores Maldonado, 6 August 2014. Comments: McInnes (1994) mentioned that Min. intermedius (Plate, 1888) has a cosmopolitan distribution. However, modern taxonomy has shown that it is species complex (Claxton 1998). It is possible that the North American records belong to other species. Kaczmarek et al. (2016) suggested that all North American reports should be considered questionable and needed further examination. In Mexico, Min. cf. intermedius it was found in Barranca del Cobre, Chihuahua (Schuster 1971). In our material we did not find the eggs and therefore the final identification is not possible., Published as part of Moreno, Antonio, Roszkowska, Milena, García, Mario Alberto, Flores, José Juan & Kaczmarek, Łukasz, 2019, Current knowledge on Mexican tardigrades with a description of Milnesium cassandrae sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae) and discussion on the taxonomic value of dorsal pseudoplates in the genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840, pp. 501-524 in Zootaxa 4691 (5) on page 516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4691.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3527562, {"references":["McInnes, S. J. (1994) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. Journal of Natural History, 28, 257 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131","Plate, L. (1888) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 3, 487 - 550. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1265","Claxton, S. K. (1998) A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 50, 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276","Schuster, R. O. (1971) Tardigrada from the Barranca del Cobre Sinaloa and Chihuahua, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84, 213 - 224."]}

Minibiotus continuus Pilato &Lisi, 2006 Terra typica: Mexico (Central America). Material examined: 15 specimens and one egg: Piedmont of Sierra Las Mitras (25°44′45.98′′N, 100°25′27.68′′W, ca. 700 m asl), Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Lichen (Nephroma sp.) on tree (Quercus virginiana), coll. Antonio Moreno - Talamantes, 8 November 2014. Five specimens and three eggs: 1 km E of La Peñita (25°20′50.79′′N, 100°22′01.21′′W, ca. 2250 m asl), Santiago, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Moss on soil, coll. Mario Alberto Garcia Aranda, 9 February 2015. Three specimens and five eggs: Cerro La Viga (25°20′23.43′′N, 100°22′06.42′′W, ca. 2645 m asl), 2 km E of La Peñita, Santiago, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Moss on soil, coll. Mario Alberto Garcia Aranda, 9 February 2015. Comments: Our specimens and eggs correspond well with the original description. Minibiotus continuus has been reported in several localities in Costa Rica and Mexico (Pilato & Lisi 2006; Kaczmarek et al. 2011, 2014; Meyer 2013), and probably has a wider Neotropical distribution. This is a new record for the State of Nuevo Leon., Published as part of Moreno, Antonio, Roszkowska, Milena, García, Mario Alberto, Flores, José Juan & Kaczmarek, Łukasz, 2019, Current knowledge on Mexican tardigrades with a description of Milnesium cassandrae sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae) and discussion on the taxonomic value of dorsal pseudoplates in the genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840, pp. 501-524 in Zootaxa 4691 (5) on page 515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4691.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3527562, {"references":["Pilato, G. & Lisi, O. (2006) Notes on some tardigrades from southern Mexico with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 1236 (1), 53 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1236.1.4","Kaczmarek, L., Diduszko, D. & Michalczyk, L. (2011) New records of Mexican Tardigrada. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 82, 1324 - 1327."]}

In this paper, Macrobiotus naskreckii sp. nov., a new species of the hufelandi group from the Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique, is described. The analysis have revealed that M. naskreckii sp. nov. is most similar to M. kristenseni, M. ramoli and M. serratus. The new species differs from M. kristenseni mainly through a different shape of egg processes and clearly dentate lunules IV; from M. ramoli mainly by smaller eggs and a smaller number of egg processes on the circumference; from M. serratus mainly by the absence of the reticulation between the egg processes. This is a third record of tardigrades from Mozambique and apart of the new species reported here, three other taxa from Gorongosa National Park are provided: Minibiotus cf. intermedius, Minibiotus sp. and Paramacrobiotus cf. richtersi.

148. Minibiotus allani (Murray, 1913) MacRobiotus allani sp. n. (Murray 1913) Terra typica: Kenya (Africa) Kenya: ��� 01��15���S, 36��41���E; 2,000 m asl: Type Locality: Kiambu County, Kikuyu, moss. Murray (1913) Record numbers. Kenya: 1; total: 1. Remarks. This species has been reported from a few disjunct localities (McInnes 1994), though the rather dated original description needs a re-description using type material or new material from the type locality., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010400, {"references":["Murray, J. (1913) African Tardigrada. JouRnal of the Royal MicRoscopical Society, 2, 136 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1913. tb 01014. x","McInnes, S. J. (1994) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. JouRnal of NatuRal HistoRy, 28, 257 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131"]}

150. Minibiotus ethelae Claxton, 1998 Minibiotus ethelae n. sp. (Claxton 1998) Terra typica: Australia Republic of South Africa: ��� 23��51���S, 31��34���E: Undefined locality, Limpopo Province, Kruger National Park, lichens on dead twigs. Claxton (1998) ��� 25��05���S, 30��27���E; 2,250 m asl [1,400 m asl]: Transvaal [Mpumalanga Province], Lydenberg [Lydenburg]; lichens. Claxton (1998) ��� 25��11���S, 30��46���E; 1,400 m asl: Mpumalanga Province, Hendriksdaal, Palmers Creek, rock. Claxton (1998) ��� 25��14���S, 28��30���E; 1,500 m asl: Undefined locality, Limpopo Province, Rus-Te-Winter National Reserve [Rust de Winter Nature Reserve], bark of Acacia. Claxton (1998) ��� 28��57���S, 29��11���E; 1,600 m asl: Natal [KwaZulu-Natal Province], Drakensberg Mountains, Cathedral Rock Area, Indumeni Forest, moss on rock. Claxton (1998) Record numbers. Republic of South Africa: 5; total: 5. Remarks. This species, similar to Minibiotus furcatus, has not been reported outside South Africa and the type locale (Claxton 1998)., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010400, {"references":["Claxton, S. K. (1998) A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia. RecoRds of the AustRalian Museum, 50, 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276"]}

150. Minibiotus ethelae Claxton, 1998 Minibiotus ethelae n. sp. (Claxton 1998) Terra typica: Australia Republic of South Africa: • 23°51′S, 31°34′E: Undefined locality, Limpopo Province, Kruger National Park, lichens on dead twigs. Claxton (1998) • 25°05′S, 30°27′E; 2,250 m asl [1,400 m asl]: Transvaal [Mpumalanga Province], Lydenberg [Lydenburg]; lichens. Claxton (1998) • 25°11′S, 30°46′E; 1,400 m asl: Mpumalanga Province, Hendriksdaal, Palmers Creek, rock. Claxton (1998) • 25°14′S, 28°30′E; 1,500 m asl: Undefined locality, Limpopo Province, Rus-Te-Winter National Reserve [Rust de Winter Nature Reserve], bark of Acacia. Claxton (1998) • 28°57′S, 29°11′E; 1,600 m asl: Natal [KwaZulu-Natal Province], Drakensberg Mountains, Cathedral Rock Area, Indumeni Forest, moss on rock. Claxton (1998) Record numbers. Republic of South Africa: 5; total: 5. Remarks. This species, similar to Minibiotus furcatus, has not been reported outside South Africa and the type locale (Claxton 1998).

148. Minibiotus allani (Murray, 1913) MacRobiotus allani sp. n. (Murray 1913) Terra typica: Kenya (Africa) Kenya: • 01°15′S, 36°41′E; 2,000 m asl: Type Locality: Kiambu County, Kikuyu, moss. Murray (1913) Record numbers. Kenya: 1; total: 1. Remarks. This species has been reported from a few disjunct localities (McInnes 1994), though the rather dated original description needs a re-description using type material or new material from the type locality.

152. Minibiotus granatai (Pardi, 1941) [T] MacRobiotus gRanatai sp. n. (Pardi 1941) Terra typica: Ethiopia (Africa) Ethiopia: • 04°03′N, 38°19′E; 1,700 m asl: Type Locality: Oromia Region, Mēga, dry sprig of JunipeRus pRoceRa with minimal traces of lichens (1 samples), lichens on tree (JunipeRus pRoceRa) (3 samples), plant (Angiospermae) thicket going to former English residence, on tree (JunipeRus pRoceRa) (5 samples). Pardi (1941) Record numbers. Ethiopia: 1; total: 1. Remarks. This species has not been reported since the original description from the type locale in Ethiopia., Published as part of Kaczmarek, Łukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010400, {"references":["Pardi, L. (1941) Tardigrada. Missione Biologica Sagan-Omo, Reale Accademia d'Italia, Roma Zoologia, 6, 221 - 232."]}

149. Minibiotus crassidens (Murray, 1907a) [T] M. cRassidens sp. n. Murray (1907a) MacRobiotus cRassidens Murray (Murray 1913) MacRobiotus cRassidens John Murray 1907 (da Cunha & do Nascimento 1964) TeRRa typica: Republic of South Africa (Africa) Angola: • 14°55′S, 13°30′E; 1,750 m asl: Huíla Province, surroundings of Sá da Bandeira [Lubango], lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) Democratic Republic of Congo: • 01°25′S, 29°27′E: Undefined locality, North Kivu Province, Albert National Park [Virunga National Park], soil. Teunissen (1938) Kenya: • 01°15′S, 36°41′E; 2,000 m asl: Kiambu County, Kikuyu, moss. Murray (1913) Republic of South Africa: • 25°45′S, 28°11′E; 1,300 m asl: Gauteng Province, Pretoria, moss. Murray (1913) • 29°44′S, 22°44′E: Type Locality: Undefined locality, Cape Colony [Cape Province], moss. Murray (1907a) Uganda: • 01°22′N, 32°17′E: Undefined locality, moss. Murray (1913) Record numbers. Angola: 1, Democratic Republic of Congo: 1, Kenya: 1, Republic of South Africa: 2, Uganda: 1; total: 6. Remarks. The dated and limited reports from a few disjunct localities (McInnes 1994), suggest this taxon requires a re-description using type material or new material from the type locality., Published as part of Kaczmarek, Łukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1) on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010400, {"references":["Murray, J. (1907 a) Some South African Tardigrada. JouRnal of the Royal MicRoscopical Society, 5, 515 - 524. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1907. tb 01665. x","Murray, J. (1913) African Tardigrada. JouRnal of the Royal MicRoscopical Society, 2, 136 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1913. tb 01014. x","Da Cunha, A. X. da & Nascimento Ribeiro, F. (1964) Tardigrados de Angola. GaRcia de ORta, Lisboa, 12, 397 - 406.","Teunissen, R. J. H. (1938) Tardigraden. ExploRation du PaRc National AlbeRt, Mission de Witte, 16, 1 - 21.","McInnes, S. J. (1994) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. JouRnal of NatuRal HistoRy, 28, 257 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131"]}

151. Minibiotus furcatus (Ehrenberg, 1859) sensu lato [T] MacRobiotus fuRcatus Ehrbg. (Marcus 1933) MacRobiotus fuRcatus Ehrenberg 1858 (da Cunha & do Nascimento 1964) Terra typica: Switzerland (Europe) Angola: ��� 07��25���S, 15��06���E; 850 m asl: U��ge Province, Mahondo, lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) ��� 07��47���S, 15��01���E; 650 m asl: U��ge Province, near Carmona [U��ge], Estate at Pumba Loge, lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) ��� 14��55���S, 13��30���E; 1,750 m asl: Hu��la Province, surroundings of S�� da Bandeira [Lubango], mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) Namibia: ��� 21��24���S, 17��14���E; 1,600 m asl [1,450 m asl]: Otjozondjupa Region, Otjiwarongo between Windhoek and Waterberg. Marcus (1933) Record numbers. Angola: 3, Namibia: 1; total: 4. Remarks. This largely Holarctic species (McInnes 1994) was re-described by Binda & Pilato (1992). With the recognised species Minibiotus ethelae in South Africa we believe the presence of furcatus in Africa needs confirmation., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010400, {"references":["Ehrenberg, C. G. (1859) Beitrag zur Bestimmung des stationaren mikroscopischen Lebens in bis 20,000 Fuss Alpenhohe. Abhandlungen Koniglich-PReussischen Akademie deR Wissenschaften zu BeRlin, 1859, 429 - 456.","Marcus, E. (1933) Tardigrada. ARchiv fuR HydRobiologie, 26, 91 - 100.","Da Cunha, A. X. da & Nascimento Ribeiro, F. (1964) Tardigrados de Angola. GaRcia de ORta, Lisboa, 12, 397 - 406.","McInnes, S. J. (1994) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. JouRnal of NatuRal HistoRy, 28, 257 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131","Binda, M. G. & Pilato, G. (1992) Minibiotus fuRcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per MacRobiotus fuRcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie. Animalia, 19, 111 - 120."]}

154. Minibiotus hufelandioides (Murray, 1910) [T] MacRobiotus hufelandioides Murray (?), MacRobiotus hufelandioides Murray (Murray 1913) MacRobiotus hufelandioides Murray, 1910 (Van Rompu et al. 1991a) Terra typica: Australia Kenya: • 00°01′S, 37°54′E: Undefined locality, British East Africa [Kenya], moss. Murray (1913) Republic of South Africa: • 23°50′S, 29°59′E; 1,450 m asl: North Transvaal [Limpopo Province], Woodbush [Woodbush Forest Reserve]. Murray (1913) Tanzania: • 03°17′S, 37°31′E; ca. 1,500 m asl: Kilimanjaro Region, Kilimanjaro National Park, Marangu gate, rain forest, below tree line, river, pH 5.5, water temperature 12°C, benthos sample. Van Rompu et al. (1991a) Uganda: • 01°22′N, 32°17′E: Undefined locality, moss. Murray (1913) Record numbers. Kenya: 1, Republic of South Africa: 1, Tanzania: 1, Uganda: 1; total: 4. Remarks. Known from several disjunct localities (McInnes 1994) suggesting a species complex. Murray (1913) described several differences between his African samples and those from the type locale (Australia) concluding that the African examples were, “possibly a distinct species”. These comments and more recently described African conspecifics suggests the presence of this taxon in Africa needs confirmation., Published as part of Kaczmarek, Łukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010400, {"references":["Murray, J. (1910) Tardigrada. British Antarctic Expedition 1907 - 1909. RepoRts on the Scientific Investigations, 1 (Biology, Part V), 83 - 187.","Murray, J. (1913) African Tardigrada. JouRnal of the Royal MicRoscopical Society, 2, 136 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1913. tb 01014. x","Van Rompu, E. A., De Smet, W. H. & Bafort, J. M. (1991 a) Some freshwater tardigrades from the Kilimanjaro. Naturwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift, 73, 55 - 62.","McInnes, S. J. (1994) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. JouRnal of NatuRal HistoRy, 28, 257 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131"]}

153. Minibiotus harrylewisi Meyer & Hinton, 2009 [T] Minibiotus haRRylewisi sp. n. (Meyer & Hinton 2009) Terra typica: Republic of South Africa (Africa) Republic of South Africa: • 29°44′S, 30°32′E; 750 m asl: Type Locality: KwaZulu-Natal Province, Tala Private Game Reserve, lichen on tree (Acacia). Meyer & Hinton (2009) Record numbers. Republic of South Africa: 1; total: 1. Remarks. This species is currently endemic to the Republic of South Africa.

155. Minibiotus intermedius (Plate, 1888) sensu lato [T] MacRobiotus inteRmedius Plate. (Pardi 1941, Iharos 1978) M. inteRmedius Plate (Murray (1913) MacRobiotus inteRmedius Plate 1888 (da Cunha & do Nascimento 1964) MacRobiotus inteRmedius (Iharos 1969a) Minibiotus inteRmedius (Plate, 1889) (Pilato et al. 1991, Fontoura et al. 2010) Minibiotus inteRmedius Plate 1888 (Binda et al. 2001) Minibiotus inteRmedius (Middleton 2003) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Angola: ��� 07��25���S, 15��06���E; 850 m asl: U��ge Province, Mahondo, mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) ��� 07��47���S, 15��01���E; 650 m asl: U��ge Province, near Carmona [U��ge], Estate at Pumba Loge, mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) ��� 14��55���S, 13��30���E; 1,750 m asl: Hu��la Province, surroundings of S�� da Bandeira [Lubango], mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) Botswana: ��� 19��10���S, 23��25���E; 950 m asl: North West District, Moremi, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003) Cameroon: ��� 04��57���N, 09��56���E; 800 m asl: Littoral Region, Kongsamba [Nkongsamba], moss on tree. Iharos (1969a) ��� 04��39���N, 09��25���E; 600 m asl [400 m asl]: Southwest Region, Kumba, shore of Lake Barombi Mbo, protected rainforest, moss on tree. Iharos (1969a) ��� 04��12���N, 09��12���E; 2,900���3,000 m asl: Southwest Region, Mount Cameroon National Park, Mount Cameroon, moss on tree and lava blocks. Iharos (1969a) ��� 04��11���N, 09��12���E; 1,950���2,050 m asl: Southwest Region, Mount Cameroon National Park, Mount Cameroon, S side, grassy lava field and the area of the timberline by trees and lava. Iharos (1969a) ��� 04��10���N, 09��13���E; 1,300���1,500 m asl: Southwest Region, Mount Cameroon National Park, Mount Cameroon, rainforest, moss on tree. Iharos (1969a) Democratic Republic of Congo: ��� 01��10���S, 28��28���E; 1,000 m asl: North Kivu Province, outskirts of Mohanga, moss (Entodon sp.). Binda et al. (2001) Ethiopia: ��� 04��03���N, 38��19���E; 1,700 m asl: Oromia Region, Mēga, former English residence moss from tree (JunipeRus pRoceRa). Pardi (1941) Kenya: ��� 00��01���S, 37��54���E: Undefined locality, British East Africa [Kenya], moss. Murray (1913) Lesotho: ��� 29��35���S, 29��17���E; 2,900 m asl: Thaba-Tseka District, Sani Pass, lichen on stone fence. Meyer & Hinton (2009) Republic of South Africa: ��� 24��38���S, 30��51���E; 1,800 m asl: Undefined locality, Gauteng or Mpumalanga Province, Dragon Mountains, near the canyon of Blade River, moss on soil in the grass. Kaczmarek & Michalczyk (2004b) ��� 28��13���S, 31��57���E; 350 m asl: KwaZulu-Natal Province, Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Game Park, lichen on tree (Acacia). Meyer & Hinton (2009) ��� 29��44���S, 30��32���E; 750 m asl: KwaZulu-Natal Province, Tala Private Game Reserve, lichen on tree (Acacia). Meyer & Hinton (2009) ��� 34��01���S, 23��55���E; 200 m asl: Eastern Cape Province, Tzitzikama [Tsitsikamma National Park], moss. Binda (1984) Tanzania: ��� 03��09���S, 35��29���E: Undefined locality, Arusha Region, Ngorongoro Volcano, mosses. Pilato et al. (1991) ��� 34��01���S, 23��55���E; 200 m asl: Eastern Cape Province, Tzitzikama [Tsitsikamma National Park], moss. Pilato et al. (1991) Tunisia: ��� 36��57���N, 08��45���E; 0 m asl: Jendouba Governorate, surroundings of Tabarka. Binda & Pilato (1987) ��� 36��46���N, 08��41���E; 700 m asl: Jendouba Governorate, surroundings of Ain Draham, forest of QueRcus saubeR and Q. libanotis, moss on soil. Iharos (1978) ��� 36��46���N, 08��41���E; 700 m asl: Jendouba Governorate, Ain Draham, moss on rock. Iharos (1978) Record numbers. Angola: 3, Botswana: 1, Cameroon: 5, Democratic Republic of Congo: 1, Ethiopia: 1, Kenya: 1, Lesotho: 1, Republic of South Africa: 4, Tanzania: 2, Tunisia: 3; total: 22. Remarks. Originally described from Chile (Plate 1888), Minibiotus intermedius was considered cosmopolitan (e.g. McInnes 1994) though modern taxonomy has shown it to be a species complex (Claxton 1998). It is most probable that non-Neotropical records for Minibiotus intermedius actually refer to different taxon within the species-group; several of which have been recently described from African locations. All African records for M. intermedius should be re-examined., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1010400, {"references":["Plate, L. (1888) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Tardigraden. Zoologische JahRbucheR, 3, 487 - 550.","Pardi, L. (1941) Tardigrada. Missione Biologica Sagan-Omo, Reale Accademia d'Italia, Roma Zoologia, 6, 221 - 232.","Iharos, G. (1978) Data to the knowledge of the Tardigrada fauna of Tunisia. Folia Entomologica HungaRica, 21, 175 - 177.","Murray, J. (1913) African Tardigrada. JouRnal of the Royal MicRoscopical Society, 2, 136 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1913. tb 01014. x","Da Cunha, A. X. da & Nascimento Ribeiro, F. (1964) Tardigrados de Angola. GaRcia de ORta, Lisboa, 12, 397 - 406.","Iharos, G. (1969 a) Tardigraden aus Mittelwestafrika. Opuscula Zoologica (Budapest), 9, 115 - 120.","Fontoura, P., Pilato, G. & Lisi, O. (2010) First record of Tardigrada from Sao Tome (Gulf of Guinea, Western Equatorial Africa) and description of Pseudechiniscus santomensis sp. nov. (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). Zootaxa, 2564, 31 - 42.","Middleton, R. C. (2003) Tardigrades in southern Africa. AfRican JouRnal of Ecology, 41, 280 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2028.2003.00439. x","Meyer, H. A. & Hinton, J. G. (2009) The Tardigrada of southern Africa, with the description of Minibiotus haRRylewisi, a new species from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). AfRican InveRtebRates, 50 (2), 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 050.0203","Kaczmarek, L. & Michalczyk, L. (2004 b) Notes on some tardigrades from South Africa, with the description of Diphascon (Diphascon) zaniewi sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae). Zootaxa, 576 (1), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 576.1.1","McInnes, S. J. (1994) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. JouRnal of NatuRal HistoRy, 28, 257 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131","Claxton, S. K. (1998) A revision of the genus Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) with descriptions of eleven new species from Australia. RecoRds of the AustRalian Museum, 50, 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276"]}

151. Minibiotus furcatus (Ehrenberg, 1859) sensu lato [T] MacRobiotus fuRcatus Ehrbg. (Marcus 1933) MacRobiotus fuRcatus Ehrenberg 1858 (da Cunha & do Nascimento 1964) Terra typica: Switzerland (Europe) Angola: • 07°25′S, 15°06′E; 850 m asl: Uíge Province, Mahondo, lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) • 07°47′S, 15°01′E; 650 m asl: Uíge Province, near Carmona [Uíge], Estate at Pumba Loge, lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) • 14°55′S, 13°30′E; 1,750 m asl: Huíla Province, surroundings of Sá da Bandeira [Lubango], mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) Namibia: • 21°24′S, 17°14′E; 1,600 m asl [1,450 m asl]: Otjozondjupa Region, Otjiwarongo between Windhoek and Waterberg. Marcus (1933) Record numbers. Angola: 3, Namibia: 1; total: 4. Remarks. This largely Holarctic species (McInnes 1994) was re-described by Binda & Pilato (1992). With the recognised species Minibiotus ethelae in South Africa we believe the presence of furcatus in Africa needs confirmation.

147. Minibiotus africanus Binda & Pilato, 1995a [T] Minibiotus afRicanus n. sp. (Binda & Pilato 1995a) Minibiotus afRicanus Binda & Pilato 1995 (Binda et al. 2001) Terra typica: Tanzania (Africa) Democratic Republic of Congo: • 01°10′S, 28°28′E; 1,000 m asl: North Kivu Province, outskirts of Mohanga, liverwort (1 sample) and moss (Entodon sp.) (1 sample). Binda et al. (2001) Tanzania: • 03°12′S, 37°31′E; 2,200–2,400 m asl: Type Locality: Kilimanjaro Region, near Marangu [gate], outskirts of the entrance of Kilimanjaro National Park, mosses. Binda & Pilato (1995a) Record numbers. Democratic Republic of Congo: 1, Tanzania: 1; total: 2. Remarks. This species is currently endemic to Africa.

155. Minibiotus intermedius (Plate, 1888) sensu lato [T] MacRobiotus inteRmedius Plate. (Pardi 1941, Iharos 1978) M. inteRmedius Plate (Murray (1913) MacRobiotus inteRmedius Plate 1888 (da Cunha & do Nascimento 1964) MacRobiotus inteRmedius (Iharos 1969a) Minibiotus inteRmedius (Plate, 1889) (Pilato et al. 1991, Fontoura et al. 2010) Minibiotus inteRmedius Plate 1888 (Binda et al. 2001) Minibiotus inteRmedius (Middleton 2003) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Angola: • 07°25′S, 15°06′E; 850 m asl: Uíge Province, Mahondo, mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) • 07°47′S, 15°01′E; 650 m asl: Uíge Province, near Carmona [Uíge], Estate at Pumba Loge, mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) • 14°55′S, 13°30′E; 1,750 m asl: Huíla Province, surroundings of Sá da Bandeira [Lubango], mosses and lichens. da Cunha & do Nascimento (1964) Botswana: • 19°10′S, 23°25′E; 950 m asl: North West District, Moremi, moss or lichen on tree or rock. Middleton (2003) Cameroon: • 04°57′N, 09°56′E; 800 m asl: Littoral Region, Kongsamba [Nkongsamba], moss on tree. Iharos (1969a) • 04°39′N, 09°25′E; 600 m asl [400 m asl]: Southwest Region, Kumba, shore of Lake Barombi Mbo, protected rainforest, moss on tree. Iharos (1969a) • 04°12′N, 09°12′E; 2,900–3,000 m asl: Southwest Region, Mount Cameroon National Park, Mount Cameroon, moss on tree and lava blocks. Iharos (1969a) • 04°11′N, 09°12′E; 1,950–2,050 m asl: Southwest Region, Mount Cameroon National Park, Mount Cameroon, S side, grassy lava field and the area of the timberline by trees and lava. Iharos (1969a) • 04°10′N, 09°13′E; 1,300–1,500 m asl: Southwest Region, Mount Cameroon National Park, Mount Cameroon, rainforest, moss on tree. Iharos (1969a) Democratic Republic of Congo: • 01°10′S, 28°28′E; 1,000 m asl: North Kivu Province, outskirts of Mohanga, moss (Entodon sp.). Binda et al. (2001) Ethiopia: • 04°03′N, 38°19′E; 1,700 m asl: Oromia Region, Mēga, former English residence moss from tree (JunipeRus pRoceRa). Pardi (1941) Kenya: • 00°01′S, 37°54′E: Undefined locality, British East Africa [Kenya], moss. Murray (1913) Lesotho: • 29°35′S, 29°17′E; 2,900 m asl: Thaba-Tseka District, Sani Pass, lichen on stone fence. Meyer & Hinton (2009) Republic of South Africa: • 24°38′S, 30°51′E; 1,800 m asl: Undefined locality, Gauteng or Mpumalanga Province, Dragon Mountains, near the canyon of Blade River, moss on soil in the grass. Kaczmarek & Michalczyk (2004b) • 28°13′S, 31°57′E; 350 m asl: KwaZulu-Natal Province, Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Game Park, lichen on tree (Acacia). Meyer & Hinton (2009) • 29°44′S, 30°32′E; 750 m asl: KwaZulu-Natal Province, Tala Private Game Reserve, lichen on tree (Acacia). Meyer & Hinton (2009) • 34°01′S, 23°55′E; 200 m asl: Eastern Cape Province, Tzitzikama [Tsitsikamma National Park], moss. Binda (1984) Tanzania: • 03°09′S, 35°29′E: Undefined locality, Arusha Region, Ngorongoro Volcano, mosses. Pilato et al. (1991) • 34°01′S, 23°55′E; 200 m asl: Eastern Cape Province, Tzitzikama [Tsitsikamma National Park], moss. Pilato et al. (1991) Tunisia: • 36°57′N, 08°45′E; 0 m asl: Jendouba Governorate, surroundings of Tabarka. Binda & Pilato (1987) • 36°46′N, 08°41′E; 700 m asl: Jendouba Governorate, surroundings of Ain Draham, forest of QueRcus saubeR and Q. libanotis, moss on soil. Iharos (1978) • 36°46′N, 08°41′E; 700 m asl: Jendouba Governorate, Ain Draham, moss on rock. Iharos (1978) Record numbers. Angola: 3, Botswana: 1, Cameroon: 5, Democratic Republic of Congo: 1, Ethiopia: 1, Kenya: 1, Lesotho: 1, Republic of South Africa: 4, Tanzania: 2, Tunisia: 3; total: 22. Remarks. Originally described from Chile (Plate 1888), Minibiotus intermedius was considered cosmopolitan (e.g. McInnes 1994) though modern taxonomy has shown it to be a species complex (Claxton 1998). It is most probable that non-Neotropical records for Minibiotus intermedius actually refer to different taxon within the species-group; several of which have been recently described from African locations. All African records for M. intermedius should be re-examined.

In sixteen moss, lichen and mixed (moss/lichen) samples, collected from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, 291 specimens, 48 simplexes, including one exuvium with 6 eggs, and 8 free-laid eggs of eutardigrades were found. In total, 17 species, together with one new to science, were identified (all are new records for the Baltic states): Astatumen bartosi, Diphascon (Adropion) prorsirostre, D. (Diphascon) bullatum, D. (D.) pingue pingue, D. (D.) recamieri, D. (D.) rugosum, Hypsibius convergens, H. dujardini, H. cf. scabropygus, Isohypsibius ronsisvallei, I. sattleri, Macrobiotus harmsworthi harmsworthi, M. hufelandi hufelandi, Milnesium asiaticum, Milnesium tardigradum tardigradum, Minibiotus formosus sp. n. and Paramacrobiotus richtersi. The new species is most similar to Minibiotus gumersindoi, but differs from it mainly by the presence of two types of cuticular pores, the absence of a triangular or pentagonal arrangement of pores above a single large pore on legs, the presence of granulation on all legs and a different macroplacoid length sequence. In this paper we also provide photographs and morphometrics of H. cf. scabropygus.

Minibiotus pseudostellarus sp. nov. (Table 3, Figs 12–21) http://www.tardigrada.net/register/0023.htm Localities and number of specimens. VI (1), XIV (1), XXI (7 and 1 exuvium), XXV (5 and 1 exuvium) Material examined. Holotype (slide: 2306 / 3), 13 paratypes (slides: 1437 / 1, 1462 / 7, 1472 / 2 and 2306 / 2), two exuviae (slides: 1437 / 1 and 2306 / 3). Description (measurements and statistics in Table 3). Animals: Body length 241–320 µm (Fig. 12), white/ transparent after fixation. Eyes present in all specimens before and after fixation in Hoyer’s medium. Cuticle smooth with pores distributed randomly and not forming any specific design (Fig. 14). Generally two types of pores are present over the entire cuticle: round-shaped (0.3–0.9 µm in diameter) and in the shape of ‘pseudo-stars’ (i.e. not fully developed ‘stars’ but with 3–4 irregular ‘arms’ and poorly visible incisions) (0.6–2.5 µm distance from the farthest points of arms) (Fig. 14). Moreover, large star-shaped pores (with 5–6 ‘arms’) are present on legs (a single pore on leg I–III and two pores above legs IV (Figs 18–21). Pores around mouth absent. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Minibiotus type, with the ventral lamina and ten peribuccal papulae. Oral cavity armature absent or not visible under PCM. Pharyngeal bulb oval, with triangular apophyses (very near to first macroplacoid and ca. same size), three macroplacoids and small microplacoid. Macroplacoid length sequence 1 ≤ 2 Claws short and robust with obvious accessory points (Figs 15–17). Fine granulation only present on legs IV (Figs 16, 17). Cuticular bars under claws I–III present. Other cuticular thickenings on legs absent. Lunules under claws with smooth margins (Fig. 16). Eggs: Not found. Etymology. The new species is named after the characteristic pores on the cuticle—simulating (pseudo) stars (stellarum). Type locality. 41 ° 12 ’S, 71 ° 51 ’W, ca. 1,200 m asl: Río Negro, Nahuel Huapi National Park, Bariloche, at the foot of the Tronador volcano, Garganta del Diablo waterfall, moss from rock, 17.01. 2012, coll. Dawid Diduszko. Type depositories. Holotype, 12 paratypes and two exuviae are deposited at the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznań (Poland) and one paratype (slide 1472 / 2) is deposited at the Department of Entomology Institute of Zoology Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30–387, Kraków, Poland. Differential diagnosis. By the presence of star-like pores in the cuticle (on the legs), the new species is most similar to Min. constellatus Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2003 b, Min. eichhorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2004, Min. sidereus Pilato et al. 2003 and Min. vinciguerrae Binda & Pilato 1992, but it differs from all of them by the presence of ‘pseudo-stars’ instead of fully developed stars on dorsal and ventral cuticle. Additionally, new species differs specifically from: Minibiotus constellatus, only recorded from Peru (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2003 b), by absence of pores around the mouth, different arrangement of pores on the dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. two rows of pores along the main axis of the body in Min. constellatus), the presence of eyes, absence of granulation on legs I–III (granulation present on all legs in Min. constellatus), different macroplacoid sequence (1 ≤ 2 Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 3 Min. constellatus), longer third macroplacoid (2.4 – 3.6 µm in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 1.4 – 1.9 µm in Min. constellatus), slightly longer macroplacoid row with higher pt (8.7 – 11.0 µm [35.5–38.9] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 6.7 – 8.6 µm [25.0–35.4] in Min. constellatus). Minibiotus eichhorni, only recorded from Peru (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2004), by different arrangement of pores on the dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. pores arranged in six transverse bands in Min. eichhorni), absence of granulation on legs I–III (granulation present on all legs in Min. eichhorni), shorter external primary and secondary branches of claws III (5.6 – 7.1 µm and 4.4 – 5.5 µm respectively in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 7.6 – 11.4 µm and 5.7 – 8.6 µm in Min. eichhorni), higher pt of the buccal tube external width ([10.2–11.6] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. [6.9–9.7] in Min. eichhorni), a slightly higher pt of the second macroplacoid length ([9.3–11.3] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. [6.9–9.2] in Min. eichhorni), smaller pt of the external primary branches of claws II ([21.7–25.5] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. [26.9–33.3] in Min. eichhorni), smaller pt of the external primary branches of claws III ([22.7–26.8] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. [29.4–33.3] in Min. eichhorni), and smaller pt of anterior primary and secondary branches of claws IV ([26.6–31.7] and [19.1–22.4] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. [34.6–41.7] and [23.1–27.8] in Min. eichhorni, respectively). Minibiotus sidereus, only recorded from Ecuador (Pilato et al. 2003), by stylet supports inserted in a more posterior position ([65.6–68.8 in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. [58.6–58.9] in Min. sidereus), a slightly higher pt of the second macroplacoid length ([9.3–11.3] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. [7.9–9.1] in Min. sidereus), longer macroplacoid row with higher pt (8.7–11.0 µm [35.5–38.9] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 5.7–7.9 µm [26.6–29.9] in Min. sidereus) and longer placoid row with higher pt (10.4–13.0 µm [42.2–46.2] in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 6.4–9.6 µm [29.9–36.4] in Min. sidereus). Minibiotus vinciguerrae, only recorded from Antarctica (Binda & Pilato 1992), by the lack of oral cavity armature, absence of granulation on legs I–III, short and robust claws (long and slender in Min. vinciguerrae), different macroplacoid sequence (1 ≤ 2 Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 2 Min. vinciguerrae), smaller body size (230–326 µm in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 380–520 µm in Min. vinciguerrae), shorter buccal tube (23.5–29.3 µm in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 35.1 µm in Min. vinciguerrae (in specimen 520 µm in length)), lower width of the buccal tube (2.5–3.3 µm in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 3.6 µm in Min. vinciguerrae (in specimen 520 µm in length)), smaller first and second macroplacoid (2.2–3.2 µm [8.9–10.9] and 2.3–3.3 µm respectively in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 4.4 µm [12.4] and 3.6 µm respectively in Min. vinciguerrae (in specimen 520 µm in length)), smaller microplacoid (1.1–1.5 µm in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 1.9 µm in Min. vinciguerrae (in specimen 520 in length)), shorter macroplacoid and placoid rows (8.7–11.0 and 10.4–13.0 µm respectively in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. 13.1 and 15.39 µm in Min. vinciguerrae (in specimen 520 µm in length)) and smaller length and pt values of the external primary branches of claws II, III, IV (5.7–7.3 µm [21.7–25.5], 5.6–7.1 µm [22.7–26.8] and 6.7–8.9 µm [26.6–31.7] respectively in Min. pseudostellarus sp. nov. vs. (12.34 µm [35.1], 12.63 µm [35.9] and 14.6 µm [41.6] respectively in Min. vinciguerrae (in specimen 520 µm in length)).

Samples of moss, lichens, liverworts and leaf litter collected in the Lower and Upper Peninsulas of the state of Michigan, USA, contained 28 species of water bears (phylum Tardigrada). Eighteen species were considered cosmopolitan, widely distributed in several biogeographical regions. One species, Minibiotus jonesorum sp. n., is described and illustrated. This new species is characterized by having ten transverse bands of polygonal pores that increase in size from anterior to posterior, three macroplacoids that increase in size from anterior to posterior and by lacking a microplacoid or leg granulation. The medial and posterior pores of M. jonesorum sp. n. are polygonal and much larger than the trefoil pores of M. furcatus, the most similar species in the genus.

Over 200 species of freshwater and terrestrial water bears (phylum Tardigrada) are known to occur in North America. Of these, 16 species have been collected in Louisiana. Foliose and fruticose lichens collected on 18 April 2010 in Acadia Parish, Louisiana, were stored in paper envelopes and later soaked in tap water overnight. Tardigrade specimens and eggs were extracted and mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol. The samples contained a new species of tardigrade. Minibiotus acadianus sp. n. has a buccal tube with single anterior curvature, 2 macroplacoids and 1 microplacoid. Small gibbosities are present on the fourth pair of legs, in 3 caudal rows, and in a single row at the level of the third pair of legs. Minibiotus acadianus sp. n. differs from the most similar tardigrade species, Minibiotus fallax (found in Australia and Florida), in having a shorter and wider buccal tube, a different pattern of gibbosities, and short, peg-shaped processes in addition to long, fil- amentous processes on the eggs. Reexamination of specimens identified as M. fallax in an earlier paper on the Tardigrada of Louisiana indicates that they are, in fact, M. acadianus sp. n., suggesting that the new species is widely distributed in Louisiana. RESUMEN.—Se conocen mas de 200 especies de osos de agua (phylum Tardigrada) terrestres y de agua dulce que ocurren en Norteamerica. De estas, 16 se han colectado en Louisiana. Se colectaron liquenes foliosos y fruticosos en la parroquia de Acadia, Louisiana, el 18 de abril de 2010, los cuales fueron guardados en sobres de papel y despues remojados en agua de la llave durante toda la noche. Se extrajeron especimenes y huevos de tardigrados y se fijaron en polivinilo lactofenol. Las muestras contenian una nueva especie de tardigrado. Minibiotus acadianus sp. n. tiene un tubo bucal con una unica cur - vatura anterior, dos macroplacoides y un microplacoide. Pequenas gibosidades estan presentes en el cuarto par de patas, en tres hileras caudales y en una sola hilera al nivel del tercer par de patas. Minibiotus acadianus sp. n. difiere de la especie mas proxima, Minibiotus fallax, una especie que se encontro en Australia y Florida, porque tiene un tubo bucal mas corto y ancho, un patron distinto de gibosidades y apofisis cortas en forma de estaquilla en los huevos, ademas de apofisis largas y filamen- tosas. Una reexaminacion de los especimenes identificados como M. fallax en una publicacion previa sobre los tardigrados de Louisiana indica que son mas bien M. acadianus sp. n., lo cual sugiere que esta nueva especie tiene una distribucion extensa en Louisiana.

Nine species of tardigrades (Phylum Tardigrada) were found in moss and lichen samples in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with two species being also present in Lesotho. Macrobiotus richtersi, Minibiotus intermedius, Hypsibius convergens, Ramazzottius theroni, Milnesium tardigradum, and Echiniscus duboisi were previously known to be part of the southern African fauna, Macrobiotus iharosi has not been reported before from this region. One species, Macrobiotus cf. echinogenitus, could be identified only to species complex because eggs were not found. One South African species, Minibiotus harrylewisi sp. n., is new to science and is described and illustrated. It differs from other Minibiotus species in its adult cuticle and its egg ornamentation. It most closely resembles M. furcatus, from which it differs in having smooth lunules on leg IV, smaller eyes, smaller and more rounded posterior cuticular pores, and eggs with a smooth shell and much longer, non-bifurcate processes. These new records bring to ...

204. Minibiotus subintermedius (Ramazzotti, 1962 a) [T] Macrobiotus subintermedius spec. nov. (Ramazzotti 1962 a) Macrobiotus subintermedius Ramazzotti, 1962 (Ramazzotti 1964 a) Macrobiotus intermedius (o subintermedius ?) (Ramazzotti 1964 b) Macrobiotus subintermedius (Ramazzotti 1964 b) M. subintermedius Ramazzotti, 1962 (Claps & Rossi 1981) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Argentina: • 39 ° 14 ′S, 70 ° 55 ′W; 950 m asl: Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Abra Ancha, lichen on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) • 40 ° 50 ′S, 71 ° 38 ′W; 900 m asl: Neuquén Province, Peninsula de Quetrihue, semi-wet and dry, mosses on tree in coppice, mosses on rock and soil in the forest and lichens on trees (4 samples). Claps & Rossi (1981) • 43 ° 53 ′S, 68 ° 25 ′W; 250 m asl: Chubut Province, Los Altares, semi-wet, moss on rock. Claps & Rossi (1981) Chile: • 22 ° 30 ′S, 67 ° 54 ′W; 4,150–4,600 m asl: Region II Antofagasta, Cerro Pajonal, near Bolivian border, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 30 ° 25 ′S – 37 ° 45 ′S: 240 – 1,900 m asl: Type locality: Undefined localities Region V Valparaíso (Región de Valparaíso), Cerro El Roble, 45 km on East of Valparaiso or Region VIII Biobío (Región del Biobío), Cordillera Nahuelbuta (Cabrería) on south of Concepción or Region IV Coquimbo (Región de Coquimbo), Bosque de Fray Jorge National Park, Fray Jorge and Los Molles or Region VI Libertador (Región del Libertador General Bernardo O ′Higgins), near Rancagua, 80 km on south of Santiago de Chile from caudacifolio forest with N. obliqua var macrocarpa or temperate rainforest, surrounded by steppe or mixed rainforest with Araucaria araucana, Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi, mosses and lichens. Ramazzotti (1962 a) • 33 ° 27 ′S, 71 ° 40 ′W; 3–5 m asl: Region V Valparaíso (Región de Valparaíso), Quebrada de Cordoba/El Tabo, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 35 °00′S, 70 ° 48 ′W; 720–735 m asl: Region VII Maule (Región del Maule), Los Queñes/Curicò, mosses. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 37 ° 43 ′S 73 °02′W; 1,100 m asl: Undefined locality in Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), Cordillera Nahuelbuta, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 39 ° 50 ′S, 73 ° 12 ′W; 30 m asl: Region XIV Los Ríos (Región de Los Ríos), neighbourhood of Valdivia, mosses and lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 b) • 42 ° 37 ′S, 73 ° 49 ′W; 50–100 m asl: Region X Los Lagos (Región de Los Lagos), Chiloé Island, mosses (2 samples). Ramazzotti (1964 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 3, Chile: 7; total: 10. Remarks: A Neotropical species with a doubtful report from Finland) (McInnes 1994 a). It seems that this species is limited to South America. The Ramazzotti (1964 a) report is uncertain as he did not find eggs and thus was not able to confirm whether his specimens belong to M. intermedius or M. subintermedius (see remarks for M. intermedius above).

193. Minibiotus claxtonae Rossi, Claps & Ardohain, 2009 [T] Minibiotus claxtonae sp. nov. (Rossi et al. 2009) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: ��� 39 �� 25 ���S, 71 �� 17 ���W; 1,000 m asl: Type Locality: Neuqu��n Province, Alumin��, Quill��n Lake, lichen on tree. Rossi et al. (2009) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1. Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["Rossi, G., Claps, M. & Ardohain, D. (2009) Tardigrades from northwestern Patagonia (Neuquen Province, Argentina) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa, 2095, 21 - 36."]}

Minibiotus diversus sp. nov. http://www.tardigrada.net/register/0019.htm (Figs 15 – 31, Tables 3 – 4) Material examined: Holotype, 100 paratypes, three exuvia and five eggs. Description of the adults (Figs 15 – 16) (measurements in µm, pt ratios and statistics in Table 3): Body white/yellowish (in live specimens) or transparent (after fixation in Hoyer’s medium). Eyes present. Entire cuticle covered by numerous round or oval pores (0.6 – 4.8 Μm in diameter). Pores are distributed randomly on dorsal side of the body or arranged in more or less regular rows (lines) on ventral side (Figs 15 – 16 and 19 – 20). Large, circular dorsal pores include: 3 – 6 pores (2.2 – 3.2 Μm in diameter) on head region (Fig. 22) and 3 – 5 pores (2.2 – 3.2 Μm in diameter) caudally, just above IV pair of legs (Figs 23 – 24). Large pores (3.1 – 4.8 Μm in diameter) also present on external side of legs I–III (one on each leg) (Fig. 29). Pores on ventral side less densely distributed and arranged in loose bands of 4 – 5 larger pores with smaller pores between (Fig. 19). On ventral side of head a triangular shape is formed by two rows of pores (three pores in first row and two or single pore in second) (Fig. 21). Overall, pores are larger on caudal end, head segment and on external side of legs I – III. A ring of pores around the mouth opening absent. Cribriform areas not visible. A fine granulation on all legs present (Figs 25 – 28). Mouth antero-ventral. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Minibiotus type (Fig. 17). Oral cavity armature absent or not visible under PCM. Buccal tube with poorly visible ventral lamina and with an anterior and a posterior bend (both visible in lateral view only). Buccal tube walls just below stylet attachments thickened (Fig. 17). Pharyngeal apophyses triangular or round; close to the first macroplacoid. Three granular macroplacoids and a minute microplacoid present in the round pharyngeal bulb. Septulum absent. All macroplacoids similar, almost identical in size and the macroplacoid length sequence: 1 = 2 ≅ 3 (Fig. 17). Claws of the Macrobiotus type (Figs 18 and 25 – 28). Primary branches of claws with thin accessory points. Smooth lunules present on all legs. Bars and other cuticular thickenings on legs absent. Eggs (all measurements in Table 4): White, laid free, spherical and without areolation (Figs 30 – 31). Processes screw-like, each surrounded by a separate membrane (Fig. 31). On the egg circumference 21–22 processes present. Surface between processes smooth under PCM (Fig. 30). Locus typicus: 47 ° 41 ' 19.6 ''N, 26 ° 57 ' 36.6 ''E; 147 m asl: Romania, Boto&scedil;ani County, Suli&tcedil;a village, Cozancea Monastery, deciduous forest (Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea L.), moss from tree. Etymology: In Latin ‘ diversus’ means ‘diverse’ referring to the fact that this species has several different types of pores in the cuticle. Type depositories: Holotype (slide: MC 1 - 1), 54 paratypes (slides MC 1-2, MC 1-3, MC 1-5, MC 1-6, MC 1-7, MC 1-8, MC 1-13) and three eggs (slide MC 1-4, MC 1-13) are preserved at the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna&nacute;, Umultowska 89, 61– 614 Pozna&nacute;, Poland. Additionally, 17 paratypes (slides: MC 1-11, MC 1-14) and one egg (slide MC 1-16) are deposited at Natural History Museum of “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University from Ia&scedil;i, Romania (Bd. Independen&tcedil;ei No.16, 700101), 29 paratypes (slides: MC 1-9, MC 1-10, MC 1-12, MC 1-17) and one egg (slide MC 1-15) are deposited at collection of Peter Degma, the Department of Zoology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. Differential diagnosis. The new species, in the arrangements of cuticle pores, are most similar to M. gumersindoi Guil & Guidetti, 2005 and in adults and eggs morphology to M. weglarskae Michalczyk et al., 2005, but it differs from: M. gumersindoi by: different arrangement of pores on the dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in an undefined number of transverse bands in M. gumersindoi), the presence of triangular formation of pores on the ventral side of the head, the absence of triangle/ pentagonal-like formation of pores on legs I – III, presence of granulation on legs, presence of eyes and by slightly longer macroplacoids (mI/mII: 1.1–1.7 Μm; mIII: 1.2–1.7 Μm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs all 1.0 Μm in M. gumersindoi). M. weglarskae by: arrangement of pores on the dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in 10 transversal bands in M. weglarskae), absence of bi-, trilobed and starshaped pores, the presence of triangular formation of pores on the ventral side of the head, the presence of large pores on the frontal and caudal end, the presence of large pores on the external side of legs I – III, stylet supports inserted in a more anterior position ([50.5–52.9] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs [54.5–59.6] in M. weglarskae), a smaller pt of buccal tube internal width ([2.1 –3.0] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs [4.0– 4.7] in M. weglarskae), slightly larger diameter of eggs without processes (44.9 – 47.8 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs ca. 40 µm in M. weglarskae), slightly larger diameter of eggs with processes (51.5 – 53.9 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs ca. 50 µm in M. weglarskae), slightly smaller number of processes on the egg circumference (21 – 22 in M. diversus sp. nov. vs ca. 24 in M. weglarskae), shorter egg processes (3.1 – 3.6 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. v.s 5.0 – 5.5 µm in M. weglarskae), smaller diameter of the distal disc of the processes (3.0 – 3.8 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 5.0 – 5.5 µm in M. weglarskae) and slightly larger distances between processes (3.6–4.8 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs ca. 3.0 µm in M. weglarskae). M. diversus sp. nov. is also very similar in some aspects of the adult and/ or egg morphology to: M. bisoctus (Horning et al. 1978), M. eichhorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004, M. formosus Zawierucha et al. 2014, M. furcatus (Ehrenberg, 1859), M. harrylewisi Meyer & Hinton, 2009, M. jonesorum Meyer et al., 2011, M. keppelensis Claxton, 1998, M. orthofasciatus Fontoura et al., 2009 a, M. poricinctus Claxton, 1998, M. pustulatus (Ramazzotti, 1959), M. ramazzottii Binda & Pilato, 1992, M. vinciguerrae Binda & Pilato, 1992 and M. xavieri Fontoura et al., 2009 b, but it differs from: M. bisoctus by: arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in undefined number of transverse bands in M. bisoctus), absence of bi-, trilobed and starshaped pores, the presence of triangular formation of pores on the ventral side of the head, the presence of large pores on the frontal and caudal end, the presence of large pores on the external side of legs I – III, stylet supports inserted in a more anterior position ([50.5–52.9] in the new species vs ca. [60.3] in M. bisoctus) smaller pt of macroplacoid row ([22.3–25.8] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs ca. [31.0] in M. bisoctus (according to Claxton 1998)). M. eichhorni by: arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in six transverse bands in M. eichhorni), absence of star-shaped pores and four pores around the mouth opening, the presence of triangular formation of pores on the ventral side of the head, the presence of large pores on the external side of legs I – III, a different macroplacoid sequence (1 = 2 ≅ 3 in the new species vs 2 M. eichhorni), slightly smaller body size (147 – 200 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 204.3–389.5 µm in M. eichhorni), shorter buccal tube (19.8 – 23.9 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 24.7 – 34.2 µm in M. eichhorni), stylet supports inserted in a more anterior position ([50.5–52.9] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs [65.4–70.6] in M. eichhorni), smaller external width of buccal tube (1.3 – 1.7 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 1.9 – 3.3 µm in M. eichhorni), shorter placoids (mI/mII: 1.1–1.7 Μm [5.5–7.2]; mIII: 1.2–1.7 Μm [6.0– 7.1]; mi: 0.4 – 0.7 µm [2.0–3.0] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs mI: 2.9–4.3 µm [10.3–12.5]; mII: 1.9–3.1 µm [6.9–9.2]; mIII: 2.4–3.4 µm [9.3–10.6]; mi: 1.1–1.9 µm [4.6–6.1] in M. eichhorni) and shorter external claws I–IV (I: 4.6 –6.0µm; II: 4.7–6.6 µm; III: 4.5–6.2 µm; IV: 4.8 –7.0 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs I: 6.7 – 10.5 µm; II: 6.7 – 11.4 µm; III: 7.6 – 11.4 µm; IV: 8.6 – 14.3 µm in M. eichhorni). M. formosus by: arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in 9 – 10 transverse bands in M. formosus), the presence of large pores on the frontal and caudal end, the presence of triangular formation of pores on ventral side of the head, the presence rows of pores between the legs, a different macroplacoid length sequence (1 = 2 ≅ 3 in M. diversus vs 2 M. formosus), larger single pores on legs I–III (3.1 – 4.8 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 2.1 – 2.9 µm in M. formosus) and different shape of egg processes (screw-like processes within a membrane in M. diversus sp. nov. vs single tip cones without a membrane in M. formosus). M. furcatus (according to the re–description, Binda & Pilato 1992) by: arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in undefined number of transverse bands in M. furcatus), absence of tri- and quadrilobed cuticular pores, the presence of large pores on the frontal and caudal end, the presence of triangular formation of pores on the ventral side of the head, present of large pores on the external side of the legs I–III, presence of granulation on legs, absence of the oral cavity armature, a different macroplacoid length sequence (1 = 2 ≅ 3 in M. diversus vs 2 M. furcatus), stylet supports inserted in a more anterior position ([50.5–52.9] in M. diversus vs ca. [68.4] in M. furcatus) and a different shape of egg processes (screw-like processes within a membrane in M. diversus sp. nov. vs single tip cones without a membrane in M. furcatus). M. harrylewisi by: arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in 10 transverse bands in M. harrylewisi), absence of tri- and quadrilobed cuticular pores, the presence of triangular formation of pores on the ventral side of the head, a different macroplacoid length sequence (1 = 2 ≅ 3 in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 2 ≤ 3 M. harrylewisi), slightly smaller body size (147 – 200 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 200.3 – 386.6 µm in M. harrylewisi), narrower external buccal tube (1.3 – 1.7 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 1.9 – 3.4 µm in M. harrylewisi), stylet supports inserted in a more anterior position ([50.5–52.9] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs [61.4–67.6] in M. harrylewisi), shorter placoid row (5.3 – 6.9 µm [25.3–29.3] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 10.4 – 34.7 µm [34.6 –46.0]) in M. harrylewisi) and a different shape of egg processes (screwlike processes within a membrane in M. diversus sp. nov. vs single tip cones without a membrane in M. harrylewisi). M. jonesorum by: arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in 10 transverse bands in M. jonesorum), absence of tri- and quadrilobed cuticular pores, the presence of triangular formation of pores on the ventral side of the head, a different macroplacoid length sequence (1 = 2 ≅ 3 in the new species vs 1 M. jonesorum), the presence of eyes, smaller body size (147–200 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 205.9–276.7 µm in M. jonesorum), slightly shorter buccal tube (19.8 – 23.9 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 24.4 – 29.6 µm in M. jonesorum), smaller buccal tube external width (1.3 – 1.7 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 2.1 – 2.6 µm in M. jonesorum), stylet supports inserted in a more anterior position ([50.5–52.9] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs [63.0– 65.6] in M. jonesorum), shorter macroplacoids II and III (mII: 1.1 – 1.7 µm [5.5–7.2]; mIII: 1.2 – 1.7 µm [6.0– 7.1] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs mII: 1.9 – 2.3 µm [7.1–8.8]; mIII: 2.4 – 2.6 µm [8.4–9.9] in M. jonesorum), shorter macroplacoid row (4.5 – 6.0 µm [22.3–25.8] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 7.0 – 8.4 µm [27.0– 34.4] in M. jonesorum), the presence of a microplacoid and slightly shorter primary and secondary branches of external claws I–IV (see Table 2 below and Table 2 in Meyer et al. 2011 for the exact differences in dimensions of claws). M. keppelensis by: lack of red pigmented granules, arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in 10 transverse bands in M. keppelensis), presence of a few larger pores on dorsal side of the head segment and caudal end, presence of triangular formation of pores on ventral side of the head segment, the presence of rows of pores between the legs, a different macroplacoid length sequence (1 = 2 ≅ 3 in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 2 = 3 keppelensis), slightly shorter buccal tube (19.8 – 23.9 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 24.9 – 28.4 µm in M. keppelensis) slightly larger pt of buccal tube external width ([6.3–7.6] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs ca. [5.8] in M. keppelensis), stylet supports inserted in a more anterior position ([50.5–52.9] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs ca. [60.6] in M. keppelensis), shorter macroplacoid row (4.5 – 6.0 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 7.0 – 7.6 µm in M. keppelensis), and different shape of egg processes (screw-like processes within a membrane in M. diversus sp. nov. vs short cones with pointed apices in M. keppelensis). M. orthofasciatus by: arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in 11 transverse bands in M. orthofasciatus), absence of tri- and quadrilobed cuticular pores, the presence of triangular formation of pores on the ventral side of the head, the presence of large pores on the external side of legs I – III, the presence of rows of pores between the legs, the presence of granulation on all the legs, stylet supports inserted in a more anterior position ([50.5–52.9] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs [66.5–67.8] in M. orthofasciatus), shorter macroplacoids I and III (mI: 1.1 – 1.7 µm [5.5–7.1]; mIII: 1.2 – 1.7 µm [6.0– 7.1] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs mI: 1.9 – 3.1 µm [9.5–13.7]; mIII: 1.9 – 2.4 µm [9.5–10.7] in M. orthofasciatus), slightly shorter macroplacoid row (4.5 – 6.0µm [22.3–25.8] in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 6.1 – 7.4 µm [30.7–34.1] in M. orthofasciatus), slightly lower number of processes on egg circumference (21–22 in M. diversus sp. nov. vs ca. 24 in M. orthofasciatus), shorter egg processes (3.1 – 3.6 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 4.2 – 4.5 µm in M. orthofasciatus) narrower process bases (1.2 – 1.8 µm in M. diversus sp. nov. vs 2.3 – 2.7 µm in M. orthofasciatus). M. poricinctus by: arrangement of pores on dorsal side of the body (randomly arranged pores in M. diversus sp. nov. vs pores arranged in eight transverse bands in <

194. Minibiotus constellatus Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2003 b [T] Minibiotus constellatus n. sp. (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2003 b) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 09° 30 ′S, 77 ° 26 ′W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Ancash Region, near Huaraz, mosses on rocks. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2003 b) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1. Remarks: Currently endemic to Peru. Minibiotus constellatus is very similar to Minibiotus sidereus (described from Ecuador in the same year) and these two species require careful examination to ensure a correct identification.

195. Minibiotus eichhorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004 [T] Minibiotus eichhorni sp. nov. (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2004) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 09° 30 ′S, 77 ° 26 ′W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Ancash Region, near Huaraz, mosses on rocks. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2004) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1. Remarks: Currently endemic to Peru.

197. Minibiotus intermedius (Plate, 1888) [T] Macr. intermedius n. sp. (Plate 1888) Makrobiotus intermedius Plate (Richters 1911 a) M. intermedius Plate (Murray & Wailes 1913, Iharos 1969) Macrobiotus intermedius Plate. (Heinis 1914) Macrobiotus intermedius Plate, 1888 (de Barros 1942 b, Ramazzotti 1964 a) M. intermedius Plate, 1888 (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944, Iharos 1982, Claps & Rossi 1988) Macrobiotus intermedius Plate (Iharos 1963, Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; 1967) Macrobiotus intermedius (o subintermedius ?) (Ramazzotti 1964 b) M. intermedius (Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; 1972) Minibiotus intermedius (Plate) (Claps & Rossi 1997) Minibiotus intermedius (Plate, 1889) (Claxton 1998, Nickel et al. 2001) Minibiotus intermedius Plate, 1888 (Pilato et al. 2002) Macrobiotus intermedius (Montoya et al. 2010) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Argentina: • 27 ° 27 ′S, 58 ° 39 ′W; 50 m asl: Corrientes Province, old road to Santa Ana, Selaginella sp. in lagoon. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 33 °00′S, 58 ° 31 ′W; 0 m asl: Entre Ríos Province, Gualeguaychú, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 41 ° 12 ′S, 71 ° 50 ′W; 1,000 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Tronador (Ventisqueros) [Ventisquero Negro del Cerro Tronador], mosses form dry stones in full sun and lichens on rocks (2 samples). Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1967) • 41 ° 14 ′S, 71 ° 46 ′W; 800 m asl [850 m asl]: Rio Negro Province, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Pampalinda [Pampa Linda] near Cainquenes stream, lichens on dry trees in full sun. Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1967) • 41 ° 58 ′S, 71 ° 31 ′W; 390 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Bolson [El Bolsón], cypress grove, lichens and mosses on dry rocks in full sun (2 samples). Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1967) • 41 ° 58 ′S, 71 ° 29 ′W; 1,200 m asl: Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on dry soil under Mulinum spinosum and between Berberis shrubs. Iharos (1963) • 54 ° 39 ′S, 68 ° 30 ′W; 800 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, National Park Ushuaia [Tierra del Fuego National Park], soil. Iharos (1982) • Undefined localities cited according Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1967), dry mosses on tree in full sun, dry and in full sun, and shaded and wet mosses and lichens on soil, shaded mosses and lichens on rocks, dry and wet tufts and rosette plants on rocks (6 samples). Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1972) Bolivia: • 14 ° 29 ′S, 67 ° 48 ′W; 3–7,000 ft asl / 900 – 2,150 m asl: La Paz Department, Tuichi valley. Murray & Wailes (1913) • 14 ° 49 ′S, 69 °04′W; 11–12,000 ft asl / 3,350–3,650 m asl: La Paz Department, Pelechuco. Murray & Wailes (1913) Brazil: • 21 ° 49 ′S, 49 °05′W: Undefined localities in São Paulo State, few localities. de Barros (1942 b) • 22 ° 44 ′S, 45 ° 35 ′W; 1,650 m asl: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 22 ° 45 ′S, 47 ° 24 ′W; 550 m asl: São Paulo State, Município de Sta. Bárbara [Município Santa Bárbara d ′Oeste], mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 25 ° 26 ′S, 49 ° 16 ′W; 900 m asl: Paraná State, Curitiba, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) Chile: • 22 ° 30 ′S, 67 ° 54 ′W; 4,150–4,600 m asl: Region II Antofagasta, Cerro Pajonal, near Bolivian border, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 33 ° 22 ′S, 70 ° 31 ′W; 800 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), the Andes near Santiago de Chile, El Arrayán Valley, mosses. Iharos (1969) • 33 ° 27 ′S, 71 ° 40 ′W; 3–5 m asl: Region V Valparaíso (Región de Valparaíso), Quebrada de Cordoba/El Tabo, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 33 ° 30 ′S, 70 ° 55 ′W; 850 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), Quebrada de La Plata, shrubs upland, moss and lichen on rocks (2 samples). Iharos (1969) • 35 °00′S, 70 ° 48 ′W; 720 m asl: Region VII Maule (Región del Maule), Los Queñes/Curicò, mosses. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 35 ° 40 ′S, 71 ° 32 ′W: Type Locality: Undefined locality in Chile, moss. Plate (1888) • 37 ° 43 ′S, 73 °02′W; 1,100 m asl: Undefined locality in Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), Cordillera Nahuelbuta, lichen. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 42 ° 37 ′S, 73 ° 49 ′W; 50–100 m asl: Region X Los Lagos (Región de Los Lagos), Chiloé Island, mosses (2 samples). Ramazzotti (1964 b) • 51 ° 34 ′S, 72 ° 36 ′W; 200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Ultima Esperanza, near Cueva del Milodón, mosses on rocks, in sunlight. Maucci (1988) Colombia: • 07°09′N, 75 ° 23 ′W; 1,400 m asl: Antioquia Department, Cafetal La Camelia, lichens and hepatic (Frullania okamiensis Steph.) on soil, and mosses (Trichostomum raapaii Broth., Brachythecium stereopama (Spruge) and Leucobryum sp.) (4 samples). Heinis (1914) • 07°07′N, 73 °02′W; 1,970 m asl: Santander Department, El Diviso Natural Reserve, Pine forest (Pinus patula), moss (Sematophyllum insularum). Jerez & Narváez (2001) • 06° 49 ′N, 72 ° 56 ′W; 1,460 m asl: Santander Department, Guaca, moss (Squamidium nigricans Hook.). Heinis (1914) • 04° 36 ′N, 74 °04′W; 2,700 m asl: Bogota Department, above Bogota, mosses (Pilopogon gracilis and Campylopus sp.). Heinis (1914) • 04° 34 ′N, 74 ° 13 ′W; 2, 500 m asl: Undefined locality on Pass des Boqueron, moss (Omphalanthus filiformis (Sw.) Nees. Heinis (1914) • 04° 34 ′N, 74 °02′W; 3,600 m asl: Bogota Department, Páramo Cruz Verde, Sphagnum sp. and mosses. Heinis (1914) • 04° 29 ′N, 73 ° 57 ′W; 2,300 m asl: Cundinamarca Department, near Ubaque, below Páramo Cruz Verde, mosses (Erythrodontrium consanguineum, Tortula sp., Campylopus sp., Sphagnum sp.). Heinis (1914) Ecuador: • 00° 54 ′N, 78 ° 33 ′W; 800 m asl: Esmeraldas Province, Alto Tambo, liverwort (Plagiochila punctata). Pilato et al. (2002) Paraguay: • 22 ° 39 ′S, 57 ° 46 ′W; 50 m asl: Concepción Department, Puerto Max, between Concepción and Rio Ata, lichens, mosses and hepatics (Forsstroemia cuspidata and Frullania sp.). Richters (1911 a) Peru: • 13 °04′ 48 ′′S, 72 ° 18 ′00′′W; 2,350 m asl [13 ° 10 ′S, 72 ° 33 ′W; 2,500 m asl]: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, mosses or lichens. Nickel et al. (2001) • 13 °08′ 24 ′′S, 72 ° 10 ′ 12 ′′W; 2,300 m asl [13 ° 15 ′S, 72 ° 16 ′W; 2,850 m asl]: Cusco Region, Ollantaytambo, mosses or lichens. Nickel et al. (2001) • 13 ° 10 ′S, 72 ° 33 ′W, 2,450 m asl: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, mosses and lichens on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) • 13 ° 12 ′S, 69 ° 38 ′W; 1–3,000 ft asl / 300–900 m asl: Madre de Dios Region, Tambopata Valley. Murray & Wailes (1913) Uruguay: • 30 ° 57 ′S, 57 ° 31 ′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Termas del Arapey, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 31 °03′S, 57 ° 38 ′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, neighbourhood of Arroyo los Palomas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 31 ° 20 ′S, 57 ° 51 ′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Arroyo San Antônio de Chico, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 31 ° 23 ′S, 57 ° 57 ′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Salto, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 32 ° 31 ′S, 55 ° 46 ′W: Undefined locality, Cañada Cousillas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34 ° 25 ′S, 57 ° 44 ′W; 50 m asl: Colonia Department, Riachuelo, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34 ° 28 ′S, 57 ° 50 ′W; 0 m asl: Colonia Department, Colonia [Colonia del Sacramento], mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) Venezuela: • 10 ° 24 ′N, 67 ° 36 ′W: Undefined locality in Region Central, Aragua, Girardot [Girardot Municipality]. Claxton (1998) • 09° 57 ′N, 72 ° 52 ′W: Undefined locality in Region Zuliana, Zulia, Perij [Rosario de Perij Municipality]. Claxton (1998) • 08° 46 ′N, 70 ° 49 ′W; 4,300 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mucuñuque Mt., surface samples from peat bog. Montoya et al. (2010) • 08° 46 ′N, 70 ° 49 ′W; 3,900 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mucuñuque Mt., surface samples from peat bog. Montoya et al. (2010) • 08° 36 ′N, 70 °06′W: Undefined locality in Region Los Andes, Barinas, Obispos [Obispos Municipality]. Claxton (1998) • 08°05′N, 70 ° 20 ′W: Undefined locality in Region Los Andes, Barinas, Pedraza [Pedraza Municipality]. Claxton (1998) • 07° 36 ′N, 71 ° 37 ′W: Undefined locality in Region Los Andes, Barinas [Táchira], Libertador [Libertador Municipality]. Claxton (1998) Record numbers: Argentina: 8, Bolivia: 2, Brazil: 4, Chile: 9, Colombia: 7, Ecuador: 1, Paraguay: 1, Peru: 4, Uruguay: 7, Venezuela: 7; total: 50. Remarks: Originally described from Chile, Minibiotus intermedius was considered cosmopolitan (McInnes 1994 a) but modern taxonomy shows it to be a species complex (Claxton 1998). Non-Neotropical records of Minibiotus intermedius probably belong to other species, while other species, similar to Minibiotus intermedius, occur in South America. We suggest that all examples previously reported from South American should be re-examined. Montoya et al. (2010) only collected eggs in their studies, so their identification is uncertain. Ramazzotti (1964 a) did not find eggs and was thus unable to confirm whether his specimens belong to M. intermedius or M. subintermedius.

196. Minibiotus furcatus (Ehrenberg, 1859) sensu lato [T] Macrobiotus furcatus Ehrbg, 1854 (de Barros 1942 b, Ramazzotti 1962 a, 1964 a) M. furcatus Ehrenberg, 1859 (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944) M. furcatus Ehrbg. (Iharos 1969) Macrobiotus furcatus (Ramazzotti 1964 b) Macrobiotus grupo furcatus (Garitano-Zavala, 1995) M. g. furcatus (Garitano-Zavala, 1996) M. furcatus Ehrenberg (Claps & Rossi 1997) Terra typica: Switzerland (Europe) Bolivia: ��� 16 �� 13 ���S, 68 �� 13 ���W; 4,550���4,700 m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Tuni, subnival floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995, 1996) ��� 16 �� 20 ���S, 68 �� 23 ���W; 4,650���4,700m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, La Cumbre, subnival floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995, 1996) Brazil: ��� 22 �� 44 ���S, 45 �� 35 ���W; 1,650 m asl: S��o Paulo State, Campos do Jord��o, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) ��� 23 �� 27 ���S, 46 �� 34 ���W; 750 m asl: S��o Paulo State, S��o Paulo, Vila Galv��o. de Barros (1942 b) Chile: ��� 30 �� 25 ���S ��� 37 �� 45 ���S [33 �� 20 ���S, 70 �� 28 ���W]; 1,000���1,500 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Regi��n Metropolitana de Santiago), El Array��n Valley, steppe shrubs, mosses. Ramazzotti (1962 a) ��� 33 �� 24 ���S, 71 ��08���W; 330 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Regi��n Metropolitana de Santiago), Curacav��, mosses. Ramazzotti (1964 b) ��� 33 �� 30 ���S, 70 �� 55 ���W; 850 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Regi��n Metropolitana de Santiago), Quebrada de La Plata, shrubs upland, moss on rock. Iharos (1969) ��� 34 �� 10 ���S, 71 �� 15 ���W; 980 m asl: Region VI Libertador (Regi��n del Libertador General Bernardo O ���Higgins), El Manzano, mosses on rocks. Ramazzotti (1964 a) ��� 30 �� 25 ���S ��� 37 �� 45 ���S [34 �� 17 ���S, 70 �� 33 ���W]; 1,000���1,500 m asl: Region VI Libertador (Regi��n del Libertador General Bernardo O ���Higgins), near Rancagua (Termas de Cauquenes, Hacienda Chacayes), 80 km on south of Santiago de Chile, steppe shrubs, mosses. Ramazzotti (1962 a) Uruguay: ��� 34 �� 25 ���S, 57 �� 44 ���W; 50 m asl: Colonia Department, Riachuelo, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) Record numbers: Bolivia: 2, Brazil: 2, Chile: 5, Uruguay: 1; total: 10. Remarks: This largely Holarctic species (McInnes 1994 a) was re-described by Binda & Pilato (1992). Comparing specimens from Rancagua, Chile (Ramazzotti 1962 a) Binda & Pilato (1992) ascribed the Chilean samples to a new species (see: M. ramazzotti below). This suggests that all South American Minibiotus furcatus records should be verified., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["Ehrenberg, C. G. (1859) Beitrag zur Bestimmung des stationaren mikroscopischen Lebens in bis 20,000 Fuss Alpenhohe. Abhandlungen Koniglich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 429 - 456.","De Barros, R. (1942 b) Tardigrados de Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. II. Genero Macrobiotus. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 2, 373 - 386.","Ramazzotti, G. (1962 a) Tardigradi del Cile, con descrizione di quattro nuove specie e di una varieta. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 101, 275 - 287.","Ramazzotti, G. (1964 a) Tardigradi del Cile II, con descrizione di due nuove specie e note sulla scultura degli Echiniscidae. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 103, 89 - 100.","Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. du. (1944) Sobre tardigrados brasileiros. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 1 (13), 1 - 19.","Iharos, G. (1969) The scientific results of the Hungarian soil zoological expeditions to South America: 15. Tardigraden aus den Sammlungen der ersten und zweiten Expedition. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 9, 279 - 289.","Ramazzotti, G. (1964 b) Tardigradi del Chile, III, con descrizione delle nuove specie Orella minor e Pseudechiniscus lateromamillatus. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 103, 347 - 355.","Garitano-Zavala, A. B. (1995) Primer reporte de las especies de tardigrados muscicolas (Phylum Tardigrada) presentes en la vertiente occidental de Cordillera Real de los Andes (La Paz - Bolivia), Ecologia en Bolivia, 24, 1 - 39.","Garitano-Zavala, B. A. (1996) Efecto de la humedad microambiental y la altura, sobre la distribucion de la Tardigradifauna Muscicola (Phylum Tardigrada) en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera Real de los Andes (La Paz, Bolivia). Ecologia en Bolivia, 26, 1 - 48.","Claps, M. C. & Rossi, G. C. (1997) Tardigrados de Uruguay, com descripcion de dos nuevas especies (Echiniscidae, Macrobiotidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 83, 17 - 22.","McInnes, S. J. (1994 a) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. Journal of Natural History, 28, 257 - 352. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131","Binda, M. G. & Pilato, G. (1992) Minibiotus furcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per Macrobiotus furcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie. Animalia, 19, 111 - 120."]}

192. Minibiotus acontistus (de Barros, 1942 b) [T] Macrobiotus acontistus n. sp. (de Barros 1942 b) M. acontistus (Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; 1972) Macrobiotus acontistus Barros, 1942 (Claps & Rossi 1988) Macrobiotus acontistus Barros (Claps & Rossi 1997) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Argentina: ��� 25 �� 43 ���S, 54 �� 25 ���W; 250 m asl: Misiones Province, Iguaz�� National Park, moss on rock and moss on tree in the forest (3 samples). Claps & Rossi (1988) ��� 26 ��08���S, 54 �� 35 ���W; 150 m asl: Misiones Province, Arroyo Torocu��, 12 km S Puerto Esperanza, moss on rock. Claps & Rossi (1988) ��� 27 �� 20 ���S, 55 ��03���W; 350 m asl: Misiones Province, Campo Viera, moss on rock. Claps & Rossi (1988) ��� 27 �� 46 ���S, 55 �� 47 ���W; 200 m asl: Misiones Province, San Jos, Ba��ado Escuela Gentilini, moss on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) ��� 27 �� 57 ���S, 58 �� 48 ���W; 50 m asl: Corrientes Province, Empedrado, Paraje Sombrerito, lichen on power pole and mosses on fallen tree (2 samples). Claps & Rossi (1988) ��� 28 ��04���S, 55 �� 41 ���W; 100 m asl: Misiones Province, Azara, road in the port, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) ��� Undefined localities cited according Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1967), dry and in full sun, and shaded and wet mosses on trees, dry mosses and lichens on soil in full sun and shaded mosses and lichens on rocks (4 samples). Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1972) Brazil: ��� 22 �� 36 ���S, 46 �� 42 ���W; 950 m asl: S��o Paulo State, Serra Negra. de Barros (1942 b) Uruguay: ��� 32 �� 31 ���S, 55 �� 46 ���W: Undefined locality, Ca��ada Cousillas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) ��� 34 �� 10 ���S, 55 �� 49 ���W; 50 m asl: Florida Department, Arroyo San Juan, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) Record numbers: Argentina: 7, Brazil: 1, Uruguay: 2; total: 10. Remarks: Currently endemic to South America., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["De Barros, R. (1942 b) Tardigrados de Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. II. Genero Macrobiotus. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 2, 373 - 386.","Mihelcic, F. (1972) Ein weiterer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tardigraden Argentiniens. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 110 / 111, 47 - 52.","Claps, M. C. & Rossi, G. C. (1988) Contribucion al conocimiento de los tardigrados de Argentina. VI. Iheringia, 67, 3 - 11.","Claps, M. C. & Rossi, G. C. (1997) Tardigrados de Uruguay, com descripcion de dos nuevas especies (Echiniscidae, Macrobiotidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 83, 17 - 22.","Mihelcic, F. (1967) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tardigraden Argentiniens. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch - Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 107, 43 - 56."]}

198. Minibiotus julietae (de Barros, 1942 b) [T] Macrobiotus intermedius julietae n. var. (de Barros 1942 b) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 23 ° 20 ′S, 46 ° 35 ′W; 800 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Juquerí. de Barros (1942 b) • 23 ° 32 ′S, 46 ° 47 ′W; 750 m asl: São Paulo State, Osasco. de Barros (1942 b) Record numbers: Brazil: 2; total: 2. Remarks: Currently endemic to Brazil.

201. Minibiotus pustulatus (Ramazzotti, 1959) sensu lato [T] Macrobiotus pustulatus Ramazzotti, 1959 (Ramazzotti 1964 a) Terra typica: Italy (Europe) Chile: ��� 33 �� 20 ���S, 70 �� 28 ���W; 1,000 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Regi��n Metropolitana de Santiago), El Array��n Valley, mosses on rocks. Ramazzotti (1964 a) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1. Remarks: The limited number of records from Europe, North and South America and, in particular the Chilean example, should be compared with the type material to confirm this report., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["Ramazzotti, G. (1959) Il gruppo dell' Echiniscus viridis con la nuova species E. perviridis e Macrobiotus pustulatus altra nuova specie (Tardigrada). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 98, 303 - 309.","Ramazzotti, G. (1964 a) Tardigradi del Cile II, con descrizione di due nuove specie e note sulla scultura degli Echiniscidae. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 103, 89 - 100."]}

203. Minibiotus sidereus Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2003 [T] Minibiotus sidereus sp. n. (Pilato et al. 2003 a) Terra typica: Ecuador (South America) Ecuador: ��� 00�� 22 ���S, 78 ��09���W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Napo Province, Papallacta Pass, moss (Leptodontium viticulosoides). Pilato et al. (2003 a) ��� 00�� 35 ���S, 77 �� 52 ���W; 1,950 m asl: Napo Province, Cosanga, moss (Entodon abbreviatus). Pilato et al. (2003 a) Record numbers: Ecuador: 2; total: 2. Remarks: Currently endemic to Ecuador, Minibiotus sidereus is very similar to Minibiotus constellatus (described from Peru in the same year), and these two species require careful examination to ensure a correct identification (see remarks for M. constellatus above)., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on pages 82-83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["Pilato, G., Binda, M. G. & Lisi, O. (2003 a) Remarks on some species of tardigrades from South America with description of Minibiotus sidereus n. sp. Zootaxa, 195, 1 - 8."]}

194. Minibiotus constellatus Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2003 b [T] Minibiotus constellatus n. sp. (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2003 b) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: ��� 09�� 30 ���S, 77 �� 26 ���W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Ancash Region, near Huaraz, mosses on rocks. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2003 b) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1. Remarks: Currently endemic to Peru. Minibiotus constellatus is very similar to Minibiotus sidereus (described from Ecuador in the same year) and these two species require careful examination to ensure a correct identification., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936

203. Minibiotus sidereus Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2003 [T] Minibiotus sidereus sp. n. (Pilato et al. 2003 a) Terra typica: Ecuador (South America) Ecuador: • 00° 22 ′S, 78 °09′W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Napo Province, Papallacta Pass, moss (Leptodontium viticulosoides). Pilato et al. (2003 a) • 00° 35 ′S, 77 ° 52 ′W; 1,950 m asl: Napo Province, Cosanga, moss (Entodon abbreviatus). Pilato et al. (2003 a) Record numbers: Ecuador: 2; total: 2. Remarks: Currently endemic to Ecuador, Minibiotus sidereus is very similar to Minibiotus constellatus (described from Peru in the same year), and these two species require careful examination to ensure a correct identification (see remarks for M. constellatus above).

202. Minibiotus ramazzottii Binda & Pilato, 1992 [T] Macrobiotus furcatus Ehrbg, 1854 (Ramazzotti 1962 a partial) Minibiotus ramazzottii n. sp. (Binda & Pilato, 1992) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 30 ° 25 ′S – 37 ° 45 ′S [34 ° 17 ′S, 70 ° 33 ′W]; 1,490 m asl: Type Locality: Region VI Libertador (Región del Libertador General Bernardo O ′Higgins), near Rancagua (Termas de Cauquenes, Hacienda Chacayes), 80 km on south of Santiago de Chile, steppe shrubs, mosses. Ramazzotti (1962 a), Binda & Pilato (1992) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1. Remarks: Currently endemic to Chile.

193. Minibiotus claxtonae Rossi, Claps & Ardohain, 2009 [T] Minibiotus claxtonae sp. nov. (Rossi et al. 2009) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 39 ° 25 ′S, 71 ° 17 ′W; 1,000 m asl: Type Locality: Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Quillén Lake, lichen on tree. Rossi et al. (2009) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1. Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina.

199. Minibiotus marcusi (de Barros, 1942 b) [T] Macrobiotus marcusi n. sp. (de Barros 1942 b) M. marcusi Barros (Claps & Rossi 1997) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 23 ° 39 ′S, 46 ° 41 ′W; 800 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, São Paulo, near to Santo Amaro. de Barros (1942 b) Uruguay: • 30 ° 15 ′S, 57 ° 36 ′W; 50 m asl: Artigas Department, Bella Unión, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 25 ° 41 ′S, 54 ° 26 ′W; 250 m asl: Treinta y Tres Department, Quebrada de los Cuervos, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) Record numbers: Brazil: 1, Uruguay: 2; total: 3. Remarks: Currently endemic to South America.

195. Minibiotus eichhorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004 [T] Minibiotus eichhorni sp. nov. (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2004) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: ��� 09�� 30 ���S, 77 �� 26 ���W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Ancash Region, near Huaraz, mosses on rocks. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2004) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1. Remarks: Currently endemic to Peru., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936

204. Minibiotus subintermedius (Ramazzotti, 1962 a) [T] Macrobiotus subintermedius spec. nov. (Ramazzotti 1962 a) Macrobiotus subintermedius Ramazzotti, 1962 (Ramazzotti 1964 a) Macrobiotus intermedius (o subintermedius ?) (Ramazzotti 1964 b) Macrobiotus subintermedius (Ramazzotti 1964 b) M. subintermedius Ramazzotti, 1962 (Claps & Rossi 1981) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Argentina: ��� 39 �� 14 ���S, 70 �� 55 ���W; 950 m asl: Neuqu��n Province, Alumin��, Abra Ancha, lichen on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) ��� 40 �� 50 ���S, 71 �� 38 ���W; 900 m asl: Neuqu��n Province, Peninsula de Quetrihue, semi-wet and dry, mosses on tree in coppice, mosses on rock and soil in the forest and lichens on trees (4 samples). Claps & Rossi (1981) ��� 43 �� 53 ���S, 68 �� 25 ���W; 250 m asl: Chubut Province, Los Altares, semi-wet, moss on rock. Claps & Rossi (1981) Chile: ��� 22 �� 30 ���S, 67 �� 54 ���W; 4,150���4,600 m asl: Region II Antofagasta, Cerro Pajonal, near Bolivian border, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 a) ��� 30 �� 25 ���S ��� 37 �� 45 ���S: 240 ��� 1,900 m asl: Type locality: Undefined localities Region V Valpara��so (Regi��n de Valpara��so), Cerro El Roble, 45 km on East of Valparaiso or Region VIII Biob��o (Regi��n del Biob��o), Cordillera Nahuelbuta (Cabrer��a) on south of Concepci��n or Region IV Coquimbo (Regi��n de Coquimbo), Bosque de Fray Jorge National Park, Fray Jorge and Los Molles or Region VI Libertador (Regi��n del Libertador General Bernardo O ���Higgins), near Rancagua, 80 km on south of Santiago de Chile from caudacifolio forest with N. obliqua var macrocarpa or temperate rainforest, surrounded by steppe or mixed rainforest with Araucaria araucana, Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi, mosses and lichens. Ramazzotti (1962 a) ��� 33 �� 27 ���S, 71 �� 40 ���W; 3���5 m asl: Region V Valpara��so (Regi��n de Valpara��so), Quebrada de Cordoba/El Tabo, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 a) ��� 35 ��00���S, 70 �� 48 ���W; 720���735 m asl: Region VII Maule (Regi��n del Maule), Los Que��es/Curic��, mosses. Ramazzotti (1964 a) ��� 37 �� 43 ���S 73 ��02���W; 1,100 m asl: Undefined locality in Region IX Araucania (Regi��n de la Araucan��a), Cordillera Nahuelbuta, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 a) ��� 39 �� 50 ���S, 73 �� 12 ���W; 30 m asl: Region XIV Los R��os (Regi��n de Los R��os), neighbourhood of Valdivia, mosses and lichens. Ramazzotti (1964 b) ��� 42 �� 37 ���S, 73 �� 49 ���W; 50���100 m asl: Region X Los Lagos (Regi��n de Los Lagos), Chilo�� Island, mosses (2 samples). Ramazzotti (1964 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 3, Chile: 7; total: 10. Remarks: A Neotropical species with a doubtful report from Finland) (McInnes 1994 a). It seems that this species is limited to South America. The Ramazzotti (1964 a) report is uncertain as he did not find eggs and thus was not able to confirm whether his specimens belong to M. intermedius or M. subintermedius (see remarks for M. intermedius above)., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["Ramazzotti, G. (1962 a) Tardigradi del Cile, con descrizione di quattro nuove specie e di una varieta. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 101, 275 - 287.","Ramazzotti, G. (1964 a) Tardigradi del Cile II, con descrizione di due nuove specie e note sulla scultura degli Echiniscidae. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 103, 89 - 100.","Ramazzotti, G. (1964 b) Tardigradi del Chile, III, con descrizione delle nuove specie Orella minor e Pseudechiniscus lateromamillatus. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 103, 347 - 355.","Claps, M. C. & Rossi, G. C. (1981) Contribucion al conocimiento de los tardigrados de Argentina. II. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 40 (1 - 4), 107 - 114.","Rossi, G., Claps, M. & Ardohain, D. (2009) Tardigrades from northwestern Patagonia (Neuquen Province, Argentina) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa, 2095, 21 - 36.","McInnes, S. J. (1994 a) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial / freshwater tardigrades from current literature. Journal of Natural History, 28, 257 - 352. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939400770131"]}

199. Minibiotus marcusi (de Barros, 1942 b) [T] Macrobiotus marcusi n. sp. (de Barros 1942 b) M. marcusi Barros (Claps & Rossi 1997) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: ��� 23 �� 39 ���S, 46 �� 41 ���W; 800 m asl: Type Locality: S��o Paulo State, S��o Paulo, near to Santo Amaro. de Barros (1942 b) Uruguay: ��� 30 �� 15 ���S, 57 �� 36 ���W; 50 m asl: Artigas Department, Bella Uni��n, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) ��� 25 �� 41 ���S, 54 �� 26 ���W; 250 m asl: Treinta y Tres Department, Quebrada de los Cuervos, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) Record numbers: Brazil: 1, Uruguay: 2; total: 3. Remarks: Currently endemic to South America., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["De Barros, R. (1942 b) Tardigrados de Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. II. Genero Macrobiotus. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 2, 373 - 386.","Claps, M. C. & Rossi, G. C. (1997) Tardigrados de Uruguay, com descripcion de dos nuevas especies (Echiniscidae, Macrobiotidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 83, 17 - 22."]}

201. Minibiotus pustulatus (Ramazzotti, 1959) sensu lato [T] Macrobiotus pustulatus Ramazzotti, 1959 (Ramazzotti 1964 a) Terra typica: Italy (Europe) Chile: • 33 ° 20 ′S, 70 ° 28 ′W; 1,000 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), El Arrayán Valley, mosses on rocks. Ramazzotti (1964 a) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1. Remarks: The limited number of records from Europe, North and South America and, in particular the Chilean example, should be compared with the type material to confirm this report.

192. Minibiotus acontistus (de Barros, 1942 b) [T] Macrobiotus acontistus n. sp. (de Barros 1942 b) M. acontistus (Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; 1972) Macrobiotus acontistus Barros, 1942 (Claps & Rossi 1988) Macrobiotus acontistus Barros (Claps & Rossi 1997) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Argentina: • 25 ° 43 ′S, 54 ° 25 ′W; 250 m asl: Misiones Province, Iguazú National Park, moss on rock and moss on tree in the forest (3 samples). Claps & Rossi (1988) • 26 °08′S, 54 ° 35 ′W; 150 m asl: Misiones Province, Arroyo Torocuá, 12 km S Puerto Esperanza, moss on rock. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 27 ° 20 ′S, 55 °03′W; 350 m asl: Misiones Province, Campo Viera, moss on rock. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 27 ° 46 ′S, 55 ° 47 ′W; 200 m asl: Misiones Province, San Jos, Bañado Escuela Gentilini, moss on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 27 ° 57 ′S, 58 ° 48 ′W; 50 m asl: Corrientes Province, Empedrado, Paraje Sombrerito, lichen on power pole and mosses on fallen tree (2 samples). Claps & Rossi (1988) • 28 °04′S, 55 ° 41 ′W; 100 m asl: Misiones Province, Azara, road in the port, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) • Undefined localities cited according Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1967), dry and in full sun, and shaded and wet mosses on trees, dry mosses and lichens on soil in full sun and shaded mosses and lichens on rocks (4 samples). Mihel&ccaron;i&ccaron; (1972) Brazil: • 22 ° 36 ′S, 46 ° 42 ′W; 950 m asl: São Paulo State, Serra Negra. de Barros (1942 b) Uruguay: • 32 ° 31 ′S, 55 ° 46 ′W: Undefined locality, Cañada Cousillas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34 ° 10 ′S, 55 ° 49 ′W; 50 m asl: Florida Department, Arroyo San Juan, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) Record numbers: Argentina: 7, Brazil: 1, Uruguay: 2; total: 10. Remarks: Currently endemic to South America.

198. Minibiotus julietae (de Barros, 1942 b) [T] Macrobiotus intermedius julietae n. var. (de Barros 1942 b) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: ��� 23 �� 20 ���S, 46 �� 35 ���W; 800 m asl: Type Locality: S��o Paulo State, Juquer��. de Barros (1942 b) ��� 23 �� 32 ���S, 46 �� 47 ���W; 750 m asl: S��o Paulo State, Osasco. de Barros (1942 b) Record numbers: Brazil: 2; total: 2. Remarks: Currently endemic to Brazil., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on pages 81-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["De Barros, R. (1942 b) Tardigrados de Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. II. Genero Macrobiotus. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 2, 373 - 386."]}

202. Minibiotus ramazzottii Binda & Pilato, 1992 [T] Macrobiotus furcatus Ehrbg, 1854 (Ramazzotti 1962 a partial) Minibiotus ramazzottii n. sp. (Binda & Pilato, 1992) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: ��� 30 �� 25 ���S ��� 37 �� 45 ���S [34 �� 17 ���S, 70 �� 33 ���W]; 1,490 m asl: Type Locality: Region VI Libertador (Regi��n del Libertador General Bernardo O ���Higgins), near Rancagua (Termas de Cauquenes, Hacienda Chacayes), 80 km on south of Santiago de Chile, steppe shrubs, mosses. Ramazzotti (1962 a), Binda & Pilato (1992) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1. Remarks: Currently endemic to Chile., Published as part of Kaczmarek, ��ukasz, Michalczyk, ��ukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, pp. 1-107 in Zootaxa 3923 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/241936, {"references":["Binda, M. G. & Pilato, G. (1992) Minibiotus furcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per Macrobiotus furcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie. Animalia, 19, 111 - 120.","Ramazzotti, G. (1962 a) Tardigradi del Cile, con descrizione di quattro nuove specie e di una varieta. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 101, 275 - 287."]}