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Background: The determinants of the intake of high-fat products are not well understood.Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relations between fat perception, intake of high-fat food, and body-weight status, taking into account the polymorphism of the genes that encode the proteins involved in oral fat perception.Methods: A total of 421 participants aged 20-40 y were enrolled in Poznań, Poland, from 2016 to 2018. An ascending forced-choice triangle procedure was applied to determine fat discrimination ability. Salad dressings with varying concentrations of canola oil were used as stimuli. Genotyping of rs1761667 (CD36) rs1573611 [free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1)], rs17108973 [free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4)], and rs2274333 (CA6) was performed using TaqMan probes. The frequency of consumption of high-fat foods was measured using an application for mobile devices that uses the ecological momentary assessment approach. The associations were analyzed using linear regression or logistic regression, as appropriate.Results: Individuals with the GG CD36 genotype were twice as likely to be fat discriminators, compared with the A allele carriers (P < 0.05). The mean total consumption of high-fat food was 45.8 (44.6, 47.0) times/wk and was not associated with fat discrimination or body-weight status. Obese and overweight subjects ate healthy high-fat food less frequently than did participants with normal body weight, at 4.53 (3.83, 5.23) versus 6.68 (5.82, 7.55) times/wk, respectively (P < 0.001). Men ate sweet high-fat food and snacks 15% less frequently than did women (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05) but consumed high-fat meat and fast food almost 40% more often than did women (P < 0.001 for both associations).Conclusions: In individuals aged 20-40 y, fat discrimination ability is associated with polymorphism of CD36 but not with the choice of high-fat food. The frequency of consumption of different types of high-fat foods varies by sex and body-weight status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Taste sensitivity is one of the most important biological determinants of food choice. Polymorphisms within the bitter taste receptor genes TAS2R3 (rs765007), TAS2R5 (rs2234012), TAS2R19 (rs10772420), and TAS2R50 (rs1376251) may affect bitter taste sensitivity and thus food choices and thereby metabolic biomarkers in blood. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between selected TAS2Rs single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the choice of the most popular bitter food items in a Polish population, BMI and blood biomarkers in elderly women. Material and methods. The study group included 116 Polish women over 60 years of age. Intake of Brassica vegetables, grapefruit and coffee was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical parameters were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Genotyping was performed using the high resolution melting method. Results. We show an association between SNPs of the TAS2R3 gene and the frequency of Brassica vegetable intake, between SNPs of the TAS2R5 gene and the frequency of grapefruit intake, and between the simultaneous effects of polymorphisms within TAS2R3 and TAS2R5 and the frequency of eating Brassica vegetables in general. We found no association between the genetic polymorphisms of TAS2R19 or TAS2R50 that were examined and the frequency of bitter-tasting food intake. Moreover, the SNPs of the selected TAS2Rs genes may be associated with the lipid profile, serum level of glucose and CRP, depending on the frequency of consumption of particular bitter-tasting items. Conclusions. The genetic polymorphisms analyzed in the study seem not to contribute significantly to variability in bitter-tasting food intake in elderly women, although they may influence metabolic biomarkers dependent on the intake of particular bitter-tasting food items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) are multifactorial vascular disorders caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to define risk factors of AAA and AIOD in the Polish population and indicate differences between diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A high-fat, iron (Fe)-deficient Western diet induces obesity and dysregulates Fe metabolism. We compared the influence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Latilactobacillus curvatus with and without Fe supplementation on duodenal Fe uptake under high-fat diet conditions., Methods: Rats were fed a high-fat diet (HF group) or high-fat, Fe-deficient diet (HFDEF group) or control diet (C group) for 8 wk. For the next 8 wk, the rats in the C and HF groups continued on the same diet, whereas the rats in the HFDEF group were divided into six groups and fed high-fat, Fe-deficient diet combinations with L. plantarum (Lp), L. curvatus (Lc), and Fe supplementation (HFDEF, HFDEFFe, HFDEFLp, HFDEFLc, HFDEFFeLp, HFDEFFeLc). Duodenum and serum samples were collected for analysis., Results: In the duodenum, the Fe content was higher in the HFDEFFeLp and HFDEFFeLc groups; the ferroportin level was higher in the HFDEFFeLp and HFDEFFeLc groups versus the HF group; the divalent metal transporter 1 level was higher in the HFDEFFeLc group versus the C and HF groups; and duodenal cytochrome B was higher in the HFDEFLc versus all the other groups. In addition, duodenal expression of the solute carrier family 11 member 2 gene was higher in the HFDEF group versus the C, HF, HFDEFFe, HFDEFFeLp, and HFDEFFeLc groups; that of the TFRC gene was higher in the HFDEFFeLc group versus the C, HF, HFDEF, and HFDEFFe groups; and that of the HJV gene was higher in the HFDEFFeLp group versus the C, HF, HFDEF, HFDEFFe, and HFDEFLc groups., Conclusions: L. plantarum and L. curvatus supplementation shows some potential to enhance duodenal cellular Fe uptake in rats on a high-fat, Fe-deficient diet., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Taste sensitivity is one of the most important biological determinants of food choice. Polymorphisms within the bitter taste receptor genes TAS2R3 (rs765007), TAS2R5 (rs2234012), TAS2R19 (rs10772420), and TAS2R50 (rs1376251) may affect bitter taste sensitivity and thus food choices and thereby metabolic biomarkers in blood. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between selected TAS2Rs&nbsp; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the choice of the most popular bitter food items in&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a Polish population, BMI and blood biomarkers in elderly women., Methods: The study group included 116 Polish women over 60 years of age. Intake of Brassica vegetables, grapefruit and coffee was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical parameters were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Genotyping was performed using the high resolution melting method., Results: We show an association between SNPs of the TAS2R3 gene and the frequency of Brassica vegetable intake, between SNPs of the TAS2R5 gene and the frequency of grapefruit intake, and between the simultaneous effects of polymorphisms within TAS2R3 and TAS2R5 and the frequency of eating Brassica vegetables in general. We found no association between the genetic polymorphisms of TAS2R19 or TAS2R50 that were examined and the frequency of bitter-tasting food intake. Moreover, the SNPs of the selected TAS2Rs genes may be associated with the lipid profile, serum level of glucose and CRP, depending on the frequency of consumption of particular bitter-tasting items., Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms analyzed in the study seem not to contribute significantly to variability in bitter-tasting food intake in elderly women, although they may influence metabolic biomarkers dependent on the intake of particular bitter-tasting food items.