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In the broadest sense, immigration is defined as the change of places where people live, and it becomes a more complicated phenomenon when analyzed from the socio-economic, political and psychological aspects. The extent of the impact of migration in this context varies according to the conditions of each country, but it is also related to the number of migrants received and the many personal characteristics of immigrants, such as age, education level. Therefore, there is no unanimity on the subject in the literature. The total number of settled migrations of the 25 OECD countries in the last 10 years has been used. The effects of the migrants employed in the labor markets (registered) on the unemployment rates of the selected countries were investigated. The study period was selected as 2008-2018 years. The data was obtained from the OECD and World Bank databases. In this context, panel causality analysis was applied to investigate the short-term effects of the employed migrants on the unemployment rates of the selected countries. As a result of the analysis, in the short-term, no double or one-way relationship between unemployment and immigration was found. However, in the long run, the cointegration relationship between the variables was determined and the panel cointegration analysis revealed that long-term migration would affect unemployment in the same direction. So, according to the results of the analysis; for the countries examined, there is a long-term and similar relationship between unemployment and settled migrants who participate in labor force in the selected period.

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de toplam ithalat, toplam ihracat ve büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri 1998-2013 yılları için üçer aylık veriler kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Çalışmada araştırılan konu reel gayri safi yurtiçi hasılada gerçekleşen büyümenin kaynağında baskın olan etkinin ithalat mı yoksa ihracat mı olduğudur. Bu soruya cevap verebilmek için ithalat, ihracat ve reel GSYİH arasındaki nedensellik test sonuçlarına bakılması gerekmektedir. Test sonuçlarına göre, toplam ihracat, toplam ithalat ve reel GSYİH arasında nedensellik ilişkileri söz konusudur. İncelenen dönemde ithalatın büyüme üzerinde belirleyici unsur konumunda olması nedeniyle büyümenin ithalata dayalı olduğu söylenebilir., In this study, the causal relationship between total import, total export and growth is analyzed for the years 1998-2013 in Turkey by using quarterly data. The question tried to be answered is that whether exports or imports are the dominant factor in the source of growth of reel GDP. In order to answer this question the Granger-Causality Test should be conducted between total import, total export and growth. According to test results, there are causal relationships between total import, total export and growth. In 1998-2013 period imports are dominant on growth so it can be concluded that the growth depends on imports.