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1. The role of interdecadal climate oscillations in driving Arctic atmospheric river trends.

Author

Ma, Weiming, Wang, Hailong, Leung, L, Lu, Jian, Rasch, Philip, Fu, Qiang, Kravitz, Ben, Zou, Yufei, Cassano, John, Maslowski, Wieslaw, and Chen, Gang

Abstract

Atmospheric rivers (ARs), intrusions of warm and moist air, can effectively drive weather extremes over the Arctic and trigger subsequent impact on sea ice and climate. What controls the observed multi-decadal Arctic AR trends remains unclear. Here, using multiple sources of observations and model experiments, we find that, contrary to the uniform positive trend in climate simulations, the observed Arctic AR frequency increases by twice as much over the Atlantic sector compared to the Pacific sector in 1981-2021. This discrepancy can be reconciled by the observed positive-to-negative phase shift of Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and the negative-to-positive phase shift of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), which increase and reduce Arctic ARs over the Atlantic and Pacific sectors, respectively. Removing the influence of the IPO and AMO can reduce the projection uncertainties in near-future Arctic AR trends by about 24%, which is important for constraining projection of Arctic warming and the timing of an ice-free Arctic.

Published
2024

2. Biological and Environmental Research Exascale Requirements Review. An Office of Science review sponsored jointly by Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Biological and Environmental Research, March 28-31, 2016, Rockville, Maryland

Author

Arkin, Adam, Bader, David C, Coffey, Richard, Antypas, Katie, Bard, Deborah, Dart, Eli, Dosanjh, Sudip, Gerber, Richard, Hack, James, Monga, Inder, Papka, Michael E, Riley, Katherine, Rotman, Lauren, Straatsma, Tjerk, Wells, Jack, Aluru, Srinivas, Andersen, Amity, Aprá, Edoardo, Azad, Ariful, Bates, Susan, Blaby, Ian, Blaby-Haas, Crysten, Bonneau, Rich, Bowen, Ben, Bradford, Mark A, Brodie, Eoin, Brown, James Ben, Buluc, Aydin, Bernholdt, David, Bylaska, Eric, Calvin, Kate, Cannon, Bill, Chen, Xingyuan, Cheng, Xiaolin, Cheung, Margaret, Chowdhary, Kenny, Colella, Phillip, Collins, Bill, Compo, Gil, Crowley, Mike, Debusschere, Bert, D’Imperio, Nicholas, Dror, Ron, Egan, Rob, Evans, Katherine, Friedberg, Iddo, Fyke, Jeremy, Gao, Zheng, Georganas, Evangelos, Giraldo, Frank, Gnanakaran, Gnana, Govind, Niri, Grandy, Stuart, Gustafson, Bill, Hammond, Glenn, Hargrove, William, Heroux, Michael, Hoffman, Forrest, Hofmeyr, Steven, Hunke, Elizabeth, Jackson, Charles, Jacob, Rob, Jacobson, Dan, Jacobson, Matt, Jain, Chirag, Johansen, Hans, Johnson, Jeff, Jones, Andy, Jones, Phil, Kalyanaraman, Ananth, Kang, Senghwa, King, Eric, Koanantakool, Penporn, Kollias, Pavlos, Kopera, Michal, Kotamarthi, Rao, Kowalski, Karol, Kumar, Jitendra, Kyrpides, Nikos, Leung, Ruby, Li, Xiaolin, Lin, Wuyin, Link, Robert, Liu, Yangang, Loew, Leslie, Luke, Edward, Ma, Hsi-Yen, Mahadevan, Radhakrishnan, Maranas, Costas, Martin, Daniel, Maslowski, Wieslaw, McCue, Lee Ann, McInnes, Lois Curfman, Mills, Richard, Molins Rafa, Sergi, Morozov, Dmitriy, Mostafavi, Sara, Moulton, David J, Mourao, Zenaida, and Najm, Habib

Published
2022

6. PREPRINT OF MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED AT ELEMENTA: SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE "The MOSAiC Distributed Network: observing the coupled Arctic system with multidisciplinary, coordinated platforms"

Author

Rabe, Benjamin, primary, Cox, Christopher J, additional, Fang, Ying-Chih, additional, Goessling, Helge, additional, Granskog, Mats A, additional, Hoppmann, Mario, additional, Hutchings, Jennifer K, additional, Krumpen, Thomas, additional, Kuznetsov, Ivan, additional, Lei, Ruibo, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Nicolaus, Marcel, additional, Perovich, Don, additional, Persson, Ola, additional, Regnery, Julia, additional, Rigor, Ignatius, additional, Shupe, Matthew D, additional, Sokolov, Vladimir, additional, Spreen, Gunnar, additional, Stanton, Tim, additional, Watkins, Daniel M, additional, Blockley, Ed, additional, Buenger, H Jakob, additional, Cole, Sylvia, additional, Fong, Allison, additional, Haapala, Jari, additional, Heuzé, Céline, additional, Hoppe, Clara J M, additional, Janout, Markus, additional, Jutila, Arttu, additional, Katlein, Christian, additional, Krishfield, Richard, additional, Lin, Long, additional, Ludwig, Valentin, additional, Morgenstern, Anne, additional, O'brien, Jeff, additional, Zurita, Alejandra Quintanilla, additional, Rackow, Thomas, additional, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, additional, Rohde, Jan, additional, Shaw, William, additional, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, additional, Solomon, Amy, additional, Sperling, Anneke, additional, Tao, Ran, additional, Toole, John, additional, Tsamados, Michel, additional, Zhu, Jialiang, additional, and Zuo, Guangyu, additional

Published
2024
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8. Evaluation of dynamical downscaling in a fully coupled regional earth system model.

Author

Seefeldt, Mark W., Cassano, John J., Lee, Younjoo J., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Craig, Anthony P., Osinski, Robert, Ballinger, Thomas, and Jianping Tang

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC physics, ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, GLOBAL modeling systems, SEA ice, EARTH (Planet), ATMOSPHERE
Abstract

A set of decadal simulations has been completed and evaluated for gains using the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) to dynamically downscale data from a global Earth system model and two atmospheric reanalyses. RASM is a fully coupled atmosphere-land-ocean-sea ice regional Earth system model. Nudging to the forcing data is applied to approximately the top half of the atmospheric domain. RASM simulations were also completed with a modification to the atmospheric physics for evaluating changes to the modeling system. The results show that for the top half of the atmosphere, the RASM simulations follow closely to that of the forcing data, regardless of the forcing data. The results for the lower half of the atmosphere, as well as the surface, show a clustering of atmospheric state and surface fluxes based on the modeling system. At all levels of the atmosphere the imprint of the weather from the forcing data is present as indicated in the pattern of the annual means. Biases, in comparison to reanalyses, are evident in the Earth system model forced simulations for the top half of the atmosphere but are not present in the lower atmosphere. This suggests that bias correction is not needed for fully coupled dynamical downscaling simulations. While the RASM simulations tended to go to the same mean state for the lower atmosphere, there are a differences in the variability and changes of weather patterns across the ensemble of simulations. These differences in the weather result in variances in the sea ice and oceanic states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. The MOSAiC Distributed Network: Observing the coupled Arctic system with multidisciplinary, coordinated platforms

Author

Rabe, Benjamin, primary, Cox, Christopher J., additional, Fang, Ying-Chih, additional, Goessling, Helge, additional, Granskog, Mats A., additional, Hoppmann, Mario, additional, Hutchings, Jennifer K., additional, Krumpen, Thomas, additional, Kuznetsov, Ivan, additional, Lei, Ruibo, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Nicolaus, Marcel, additional, Perovich, Don, additional, Persson, Ola, additional, Regnery, Julia, additional, Rigor, Ignatius, additional, Shupe, Matthew D., additional, Sokolov, Vladimir, additional, Spreen, Gunnar, additional, Stanton, Tim, additional, Watkins, Daniel M., additional, Blockley, Ed, additional, Buenger, H. Jakob, additional, Cole, Sylvia, additional, Fong, Allison, additional, Haapala, Jari, additional, Heuzé, Céline, additional, Hoppe, Clara J. M., additional, Janout, Markus, additional, Jutila, Arttu, additional, Katlein, Christian, additional, Krishfield, Richard, additional, Lin, Long, additional, Ludwig, Valentin, additional, Morgenstern, Anne, additional, O’Brien, Jeff, additional, Zurita, Alejandra Quintanilla, additional, Rackow, Thomas, additional, Riemann-Campe, Kathrin, additional, Rohde, Jan, additional, Shaw, William, additional, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, additional, Solomon, Amy, additional, Sperling, Anneke, additional, Tao, Ran, additional, Toole, John, additional, Tsamados, Michel, additional, Zhu, Jialiang, additional, and Zuo, Guangyu, additional

Published
2024
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21. Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) (Field Campaign Report)

Author

Shupe, Matthew, primary, Chu, David, additional, Costa, David, additional, Cox, Christopher, additional, Creamean, Jesse, additional, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Dethloff, Klaus, additional, Engelmann, Ronny, additional, Gallagher, Michael, additional, Hunke, Elizabeth, additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, McComiskey, Allison, additional, Osborn, Jackson, additional, Persson, Ola, additional, Powers, Heath, additional, Pratt, Kerri, additional, Randall, David, additional, Solomon, Amy, additional, Tjernstrom, Michael, additional, Turner, David, additional, Uin, Janek, additional, Uttal, Taneil, additional, Verlinde, Johannes, additional, and Wagner, David, additional

Published
2021
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22. Bottom‐up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska: assessing the ocean climate hypothesis

Author

TRITES, ANDREW W, MILLER, ARTHUR J, MASCHNER, HERBERT DG, ALEXANDER, MICHAEL A, BOGRAD, STEVEN J, CALDER, JOHN A, CAPOTONDI, ANTONIETTA, COYLE, KENNETH O, DI LORENZO, EMANUELE, FINNEY, BRUCE P, GREGR, EDWARD J, GROSCH, CHESTER E, HARE, STEVEN R, HUNT, GEORGE L, JAHNCKE, JAIME, KACHEL, NANCY B, KIM, HEY‐JIN, LADD, CAROL, MANTUA, NATHAN J, MARZBAN, CAREN, MASLOWSKI, WIESLAW, MENDELSSOHN, ROY, NEILSON, DOUGLAS J, OKKONEN, STEPHEN R, OVERLAND, JAMES E, REEDY‐MASCHNER, KATHERINE L, ROYER, THOMAS C, SCHWING, FRANKLIN B, WANG, JULIAN XL, and WINSHIP, ARLISS J

Subjects
Aleutian Islands, climate regime shift, Gulf of Alaska, Steller sea lion, Oceanography, Fisheries Sciences, Fisheries
Abstract

Declines of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) populations in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska could be a consequence of physical oceanographic changes associated with the 1976-77 climate regime shift. Changes in ocean climate are hypothesized to have affected the quantity, quality, and accessibility of prey, which in turn may have affected the rates of birth and death of sea lions. Recent studies of the spatial and temporal variations in the ocean climate system of the North Pacific support this hypothesis. Ocean climate changes appear to have created adaptive opportunities for various species that are preyed upon by Steller sea lions at mid-trophic levels. The east-west asymmetry of the oceanic response to climate forcing after 1976-77 is consistent with both the temporal aspect (populations decreased after the late 1970s) and the spatial aspect of the decline (western, but not eastern, sea lion populations decreased). These broad-scale climate variations appear to be modulated by regionally sensitive biogeographic structures along the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, which include a transition point from coastal to open-ocean conditions at Samalga Pass westward along the Aleutian Islands. These transition points delineate distinct clusterings of different combinations of prey species, which are in turn correlated with differential population sizes and trajectories of Steller sea lions. Archaeological records spanning 4000 yr further indicate that sea lion populations have experienced major shifts in abundance in the past. Shifts in ocean climate are the most parsimonious underlying explanation for the broad suite of ecosystem changes that have been observed in the North Pacific Ocean in recent decades. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Published
2007

23. Assessment of sub-seasonal to intra-annual sea ice forecast in the regional arctic system model

Author

Lee, Younjoo, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Craig, Anthony, Clement Kinney, Jaclyn, and Osinski, Robert

Abstract

The rate of warming in the Arctic has been much faster than the global average and the decline of sea ice decline has been accelerated. The “low-ice regime” in the future is likely to happen and impacts the Arctic environment, especially around the Arctic coasts. Hence, it is becoming increasingly critical to foresee changes in Arctic sea ice and climate states as well as their potential impacts to guide human activities from natural resource management to risk assessment decisions. While climate models project a continuous decline of sea ice on a decadal time scale, the advancement of reliable predictive skills in seasonal sea ice forecasts remains challenging. Here, we use a state-of-the-art numerical model, Regional Arctic System Model (RASM), which forecasts Arctic sea ice at time scales from weeks up to six months. RASM is a fully-coupled regional climate system model, consisting of the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land components, coupled through the Community Earth System Model flux coupler. The ocean and sea ice configurations include the horizontal resolution of 1/12 degree with 45-vertical levels and 5-thickness categories, respectively. The atmosphere is configured on a 50-km grid with 40 vertical levels and dynamically downscaled using the Climate Forecasting System (CFS) Reanalysis (CFSR) and its version 2 (CFSv2). This presentation summarizes our results of summer sea ice predictions from 2011 to 2022. In particular, the effects of lead time and initial conditions are investigated on the quantitative skill of seasonal predictability of Arctic sea ice., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023

24. Land Surface Climate in the Regional Arctic System Model

Author

Hamman, Joseph, Nijssen, Bart, Brunke, Michael, Cassano, John, Craig, Anthony, DuVivier, Alice, Hughes, Mimi, Lettenmaier, Dennis P., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Osinski, Robert, Roberts, Andrew, and Zeng, Xubin

Published
2016

27. Investigation of Under‐Ice Phytoplankton Growth in the Fully‐Coupled, High‐Resolution Regional Arctic System Model.

Author

Clement Kinney, Jaclyn, Frants, Marina, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Osinski, Robert, Jeffery, Nicole, Jin, Meibing, and Lee, Younjoo J.

Subjects
SEA ice, PHYTOPLANKTON, PLANKTON blooms, OCEAN currents, ALGAL blooms
Abstract

In July 2011, observations of a massive phytoplankton bloom in the ice‐covered waters of the western Chukchi Sea raised questions about the extent and frequency of under‐ice phytoplankton growth and its contribution to the carbon budget in the Arctic Ocean. To address some of these questions, we use the fully‐coupled, high‐resolution Regional Arctic System Model to simulate Arctic marine biogeochemistry over a 30‐year period. Our results demonstrate the presence of extensive under‐ice phytoplankton growth in the western Arctic (WA) in summer. In addition, similar growth, yet of lower magnitude, occurs annually in the eastern Arctic (EA). We investigate the critical levels of nitrate concentration and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) that are necessary for under‐ice phytoplankton growth to occur. Our results show that while the majority of ice‐covered Arctic waters have sufficient surface nitrate levels to sustain growth, PAR reaching the ocean surface through the sea ice in early summer only exceeds critical levels in the WA. We therefore conclude that the EA high chlorophyll‐a concentrations shown in our simulations did not develop under sea ice, but were instead, at least in part, formed in open waters upstream and subsequently advected by ocean currents beneath the sea ice. Plain Language Summary: In July 2011, scientists conducting research in the western Arctic (WA) Ocean observed a large phytoplankton bloom under the sea ice. Traditionally, such blooms were believed to be rare. Using our state‐of‐the‐art Arctic system model, we were able to demonstrate that in fact, areas with high concentrations of under‐ice phytoplankton have been occurring annually for the past several decades. In the WA, under‐ice phytoplankton growth begins when sufficient sunlight penetrates through the sea ice to the ocean, and ends when nutrient concentrations become too low to sustain the phytoplankton. In the eastern Arctic (EA), our model shows that phytoplankton can still grow beneath the sea ice even when there is little sunlight penetrating the ice and entering the water column. We conclude that the EA high chlorophyll‐a concentrations shown in our simulations did not develop under sea ice, but were instead, at least in part, formed in open waters upstream and subsequently advected by ocean currents beneath the sea ice. Key Points: Model simulations show strong under‐ice phytoplankton growth similar to observations in summer 2011Under‐ice phytoplankton growth is common in parts of the western Arctic and is affected by light conditions and nutrient availabilityModel results suggest that high under‐ice chlorophyll‐a concentrations in the eastern Arctic are at least partially a result of advection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Causes and evolution of winter polynyas north of Greenland

Author

Lee, Younjoo J., primary, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Cassano, John J., additional, Clement Kinney, Jaclyn, additional, Craig, Anthony P., additional, Kamal, Samy, additional, Osinski, Robert, additional, Seefeldt, Mark W., additional, Stroeve, Julienne, additional, and Wang, Hailong, additional

Published
2023
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32. A New Structure for the Sea Ice Essential Climate Variables of the Global Climate Observing System

Author

Lavergne, Thomas, primary, Kern, Stefan, additional, Aaboe, Signe, additional, Derby, Lauren, additional, Dybkjaer, Gorm, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Heil, Petra, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Holfort, Jürgen, additional, Howell, Stephen, additional, Key, Jeffrey, additional, Lieser, Jan L, additional, Maksym, Ted, additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Meier, Walt, additional, Muñoz-Sabater, Joaquín, additional, Nicolas, Julien, additional, Özsoy, Burcu, additional, Rabe, Benjamin, additional, Rack, Wolfgang, additional, Raphael, Marilyn, additional, de Rosnay, Patricia, additional, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, additional, Tietsche, Steffen, additional, Ukita, Jinro, additional, Vichi, Marcello, additional, Wagner, Penelope, additional, Willmes, Sascha, additional, and Zhao, Xi, additional

Published
2022
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33. Towards a Coupled Environmental Prediction System

Author

McClean, Julie L, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Maltrud, Mathew, Goos, G., editor, Hartmanis, J., editor, van Leeuwen, J., editor, Alexandrov, Vassil N., editor, Dongarra, Jack J., editor, Juliano, Benjoe A., editor, Renner, René S., editor, and Tan, C. J. Kenneth, editor

Published
2001
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34. Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx): 2. Evaluating Linear Kinematic Features in High‐Resolution Sea Ice Simulations

Author

Hutter, Nils, Bouchat, Amélie, Dupont, Frédéric, Dukhovskoy, Dmitry, Koldunov, Nikolay, Lee, Younjoo J., Lemieux, Jean‐François, Lique, Camille, Losch, Martin, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Myers, Paul G., Ólason, Einar, Rampal, Pierre, Rasmussen, Till, Talandier, Claude, Tremblay, Bruno, Wang, Qiang, 2 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences McGill University, Montréal Montréal QC Canada, 3 Service Météorologique Canadien Environnement et Changement Climatique Canada Dorval QC Canada, 4 Center for Ocean‐Atmospheric Prediction Studies Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA, 1 Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven Germany, 5 Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA USA, 6 Recherche en Prévision Numérique Environnementale Environnement et Changement Climatique Canada Dorval QC Canada, 7 University of Brest CNRS IRD Ifremer Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS) IUEM Brest France, 8 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada, 9 Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen Norway, 10 Institut de Géophysique de l’Environnement CNRS Grenoble France, 11 Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
model intercomparison project, Oceanography, sea ice modeling, Physics::Geophysics, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sea Ice Deformation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), rheology, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, linear kinematic features, ddc:550.285, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, sea ice observations
Abstract

Simulating sea ice drift and deformation in the Arctic Ocean is still a challenge because of the multiscale interaction of sea ice floes that compose the Arctic Sea ice cover. The Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx) is a model intercomparison project of the Forum of Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS). In SIREx, skill metrics are designed to evaluate different recently suggested approaches for modeling linear kinematic features (LKFs) to provide guidance for modeling small‐scale deformation. These LKFs are narrow bands of localized deformation that can be observed in satellite images and also form in high resolution sea ice simulations. In this contribution, spatial and temporal properties of LKFs are assessed in 36 simulations of state‐of‐the‐art sea ice models and compared to deformation features derived from the RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System. All simulations produce LKFs, but only very few models realistically simulate at least some statistics of LKF properties such as densities, lengths, or growth rates. All SIREx models overestimate the angle of fracture between conjugate pairs of LKFs and LKF lifetimes pointing to inaccurate model physics. The temporal and spatial resolution of a simulation and the spatial resolution of atmospheric boundary condition affect simulated LKFs as much as the model's sea ice rheology and numerics. Only in very high resolution simulations (≤2 km) the concentration and thickness anomalies along LKFs are large enough to affect air‐ice‐ocean interaction processes., Plain Language Summary: Winds and ocean currents continuously move and deform the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean. The deformation eventually breaks an initially closed ice cover into many individual floes, piles up floes, and creates open water. The distribution of ice floes and open water between them is important for climate research, because ice reflects more light and energy back to the atmosphere than open water, so that less ice and more open water leads to warmer oceans. Current climate models cannot simulate sea ice as individual floes. Instead, a variety of methods is used to represent the movement and deformation of the sea ice cover. The Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx) compares these different methods and assesses the deformation of sea ice in 36 numerical simulations. We identify and track deformation features in the ice cover, which are distinct narrow areas where the ice is breaking or piling up. Comparing specific spatial and temporal properties of these features, for example, the different amounts of fractured ice in specific regions, or the duration of individual deformation events, to satellite observations provides information about the realism of the simulations. From this comparison, we can learn how to improve sea ice models for more realistic simulations of sea ice deformation., Key Points: All models simulate linear kinematic features (LKFs), but none accurately reproduces all LKF statistics. Resolved LKFs are affected strongest by spatial and temporal resolution of model grid and atmospheric forcing and rheology. Accurate scaling of deformation rates is a proxy only for realistic LKF numbers but not for any other LKF static., DOE, HYCOM NOPP, Innovation Fund Denmark and the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union, National centre for Climate Research, SALIENSEAS, ERA4CS, German Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change), Gouvernement du Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038, Environment and Climate Change Canada Grants & Contributions program, Office of Naval Research Arctic and Global Prediction program, U.S. Department of Energy Regional and Global Model Analysis program, National Science Foundation Arctic System Science program, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, https://zenodo.org/communities/sirex

Published
2022

35. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition - Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preußer, Andreas, Quéléver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Hélène, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuzé, Céline, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preußer, Andreas, Quéléver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore cross-cutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system

Published
2022

36. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography

Author

Rabe, Benjamin, Heuzé, Céline, Regnery, Julia, Aksenov, Yevgeny, Allerholt, Jacob, Athanase, Marylou, Bai, Youcheng, Basque, Chris, Bauch, Dorothea, Baumann, Till M., Chen, Dake, Cole, Sylvia T., Craw, Lisa, Davies, Andrew, Damm, Ellen, Dethloff, Klaus, Divine, Dmitry V., Doglioni, Francesca, Ebert, Falk, Fang, Ying-Chih, Fer, Ilker, Fong, Allison A., Gradinger, Rolf, Granskog, Mats A., Graupner, Rainer, Haas, Christian, He, Hailun, He, Yan, Hoppmann, Mario, Janout, Markus, Kadko, David, Kanzow, Torsten, Karam, Salar, Kawaguchi, Yusuke, Koenig, Zoe, Kong, Bin, Krishfield, Richard A., Krumpen, Thomas, Kuhlmey, David, Kuznetsov, Ivan, Lan, Musheng, Laukert, Georgi, Lei, Ruibo, Li, Tao, Torres-Valdés, Sinhué, Lin, Lina, Lin, Long, Liu, Hailong, Liu, Na, Loose, Brice, Ma, Xiaobing, McKay, Rosalie, Mallet, Maria, Mallett, Robbie D. C., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Mertens, Christian, Mohrholz, Volker, Muilwijk, Morven, Nicolaus, Marcel, O’Brien, Jeffrey K., Perovich, Donald, Ren, Jian, Rex, Markus, Ribeiro, Natalia, Rinke, Annette, Schaffer, Janin, Schuffenhauer, Ingo, Schulz, Kirstin, Shupe, Matthew D., Shaw, William, Sokolov, Vladimir, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stanton, Timothy, Stephens, Mark, Su, Jie, Sukhikh, Natalia, Sundfjord, Arild, Thomisch, Karolin, Tippenhauer, Sandra, Toole, John M., Vredenborg, Myriel, Walter, Maren, Wang, Hangzhou, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yuntao, Wendisch, Manfred, Zhao, Jinping, Zhou, Meng, Zhu, Jialiang, Rabe, Benjamin, Heuzé, Céline, Regnery, Julia, Aksenov, Yevgeny, Allerholt, Jacob, Athanase, Marylou, Bai, Youcheng, Basque, Chris, Bauch, Dorothea, Baumann, Till M., Chen, Dake, Cole, Sylvia T., Craw, Lisa, Davies, Andrew, Damm, Ellen, Dethloff, Klaus, Divine, Dmitry V., Doglioni, Francesca, Ebert, Falk, Fang, Ying-Chih, Fer, Ilker, Fong, Allison A., Gradinger, Rolf, Granskog, Mats A., Graupner, Rainer, Haas, Christian, He, Hailun, He, Yan, Hoppmann, Mario, Janout, Markus, Kadko, David, Kanzow, Torsten, Karam, Salar, Kawaguchi, Yusuke, Koenig, Zoe, Kong, Bin, Krishfield, Richard A., Krumpen, Thomas, Kuhlmey, David, Kuznetsov, Ivan, Lan, Musheng, Laukert, Georgi, Lei, Ruibo, Li, Tao, Torres-Valdés, Sinhué, Lin, Lina, Lin, Long, Liu, Hailong, Liu, Na, Loose, Brice, Ma, Xiaobing, McKay, Rosalie, Mallet, Maria, Mallett, Robbie D. C., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Mertens, Christian, Mohrholz, Volker, Muilwijk, Morven, Nicolaus, Marcel, O’Brien, Jeffrey K., Perovich, Donald, Ren, Jian, Rex, Markus, Ribeiro, Natalia, Rinke, Annette, Schaffer, Janin, Schuffenhauer, Ingo, Schulz, Kirstin, Shupe, Matthew D., Shaw, William, Sokolov, Vladimir, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stanton, Timothy, Stephens, Mark, Su, Jie, Sukhikh, Natalia, Sundfjord, Arild, Thomisch, Karolin, Tippenhauer, Sandra, Toole, John M., Vredenborg, Myriel, Walter, Maren, Wang, Hangzhou, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yuntao, Wendisch, Manfred, Zhao, Jinping, Zhou, Meng, and Zhu, Jialiang

Abstract

Arctic Ocean properties and processes are highly relevant to the regional and global coupled climate system, yet still scarcely observed, especially in winter. Team OCEAN conducted a full year of physical oceanography observations as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), a drift with the Arctic sea ice from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the program to characterize the Arctic Ocean system in unprecedented detail, from the seafloor to the air-sea ice-ocean interface, from sub-mesoscales to pan-Arctic. The oceanographic measurements were coordinated with the other teams to explore the ocean physics and linkages to the climate and ecosystem. This paper introduces the major components of the physical oceanography program and complements the other team overviews of the MOSAiC observational program. Team OCEAN’s sampling strategy was designed around hydrographic ship-, ice- and autonomous platform-based measurements to improve the understanding of regional circulation and mixing processes. Measurements were carried out both routinely, with a regular schedule, and in response to storms or opening leads. Here we present alongdrift time series of hydrographic properties, allowing insights into the seasonal and regional evolution of the water column from winter in the Laptev Sea to early summer in Fram Strait: freshening of the surface, deepening of the mixed layer, increase in temperature and salinity of the Atlantic Water. We also highlight the presence of Canada Basin deep water intrusions and a surface meltwater layer in leads. MOSAiC most likely was the most comprehensive program ever conducted over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. While data analysis and interpretation are ongoing, the acquired datasets will support a wide range of physical oceanography and multi-disciplinary research. They will provide a significant foundation for assessing and advancing modeling cap

Published
2022

37. Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx): 1. Scaling and Statistical Properties of Sea‐Ice Deformation Fields

Author

Bouchat, Amélie, Hutter, Nils, Chanut, Jérôme, Dupont, Frédéric, Dukhovskoy, Dmitry, Garric, Gilles, Lee, Younjoo J., Lemieux, Jean‐François, Lique, Camille, Losch, Martin, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Myers, Paul G., Ólason, Einar, Rampal, Pierre, Rasmussen, Till, Talandier, Claude, Tremblay, Bruno, Wang, Qiang, Bouchat, Amélie, Hutter, Nils, Chanut, Jérôme, Dupont, Frédéric, Dukhovskoy, Dmitry, Garric, Gilles, Lee, Younjoo J., Lemieux, Jean‐François, Lique, Camille, Losch, Martin, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Myers, Paul G., Ólason, Einar, Rampal, Pierre, Rasmussen, Till, Talandier, Claude, Tremblay, Bruno, and Wang, Qiang

Abstract

As the sea-ice modeling community is shifting to advanced numerical frameworks, developing new sea-ice rheologies, and increasing model spatial resolution, ubiquitous deformation features in the Arctic sea ice are now being resolved by sea-ice models. Initiated at the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis, the Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx) aims at evaluating state-of-the-art sea-ice models using existing and new metrics to understand how the simulated deformation fields are affected by different representations of sea-ice physics (rheology) and by model configuration. Part 1 of the SIREx analysis is concerned with evaluation of the statistical distribution and scaling properties of sea-ice deformation fields from 35 different simulations against those from the RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System (RGPS). For the first time, the viscous-plastic (and the elastic-viscous-plastic variant), elastic-anisotropic-plastic, and Maxwell-elasto-brittle rheologies are compared in a single study. We find that both plastic and brittle sea-ice rheologies have the potential to reproduce the observed RGPS deformation statistics, including multi-fractality. Model configuration (e.g., numerical convergence, atmospheric representation, spatial resolution) and physical parameterizations (e.g., ice strength parameters and ice thickness distribution) both have effects as important as the choice of sea-ice rheology on the deformation statistics. It is therefore not straightforward to attribute model performance to a specific rheological framework using current deformation metrics. In light of these results, we further evaluate the statistical properties of simulated Linear Kinematic Features in a SIREx Part 2 companion paper.

Published
2022

38. Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20

Author

Dethloff, Klaus, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Hendricks, Stefan, Lee, Younjoo J., Goessling, Helge F., Krumpen, Thomas, Haas, Christian, Handorf, Dörthe, Ricker, Robert, Bessonov, Vladimir, Cassano, John J., Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Osinski, Robert, Rex, Markus, Rinke, Annette, Sokolova, Julia, Sommerfeld, Anja, Dethloff, Klaus, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Hendricks, Stefan, Lee, Younjoo J., Goessling, Helge F., Krumpen, Thomas, Haas, Christian, Handorf, Dörthe, Ricker, Robert, Bessonov, Vladimir, Cassano, John J., Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Osinski, Robert, Rex, Markus, Rinke, Annette, Sokolova, Julia, and Sommerfeld, Anja

Published
2022

39. A New Structure for the Sea Ice Essential Climate Variables of the Global Climate Observing System

Author

Lavergne, Thomas, Kern, Stefan, Aaboe, Signe, Derby, Lauren, Dybkjaer, Gorm, Garric, Gilles, Heil, Petra, Hendricks, Stefan, Holfort, Jürgen, Howell, Stephen, Key, Jeffrey, Lieser, Jan L, Maksym, Ted, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Meier, Walt, Munoz-Sabater, Joaquin, Nicolas, Julien, Özsoy, Burcu, Rabe, Benjamin, Rack, Wolfgang, Raphael, Marilyn, de Rosnay, Patricia, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Tietsche, Steffen, Ukita, Jinro, Vichi, Marcello, Wagner, Penelope, Willmes, Sascha, Zhao, Xi, Lavergne, Thomas, Kern, Stefan, Aaboe, Signe, Derby, Lauren, Dybkjaer, Gorm, Garric, Gilles, Heil, Petra, Hendricks, Stefan, Holfort, Jürgen, Howell, Stephen, Key, Jeffrey, Lieser, Jan L, Maksym, Ted, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Meier, Walt, Munoz-Sabater, Joaquin, Nicolas, Julien, Özsoy, Burcu, Rabe, Benjamin, Rack, Wolfgang, Raphael, Marilyn, de Rosnay, Patricia, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Tietsche, Steffen, Ukita, Jinro, Vichi, Marcello, Wagner, Penelope, Willmes, Sascha, and Zhao, Xi

Published
2022

40. On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea

Author

Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Assmann, Karen M., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Bjork, Goran, Jakobsson, Martin, Jutterstrom, Sara, Lee, Younjoo J., Osinski, Robert, Semiletov, Igor, Ulfsbo, Adam, Wåhlstrom, Irene, Anderson, Leif G., Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Assmann, Karen M., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Bjork, Goran, Jakobsson, Martin, Jutterstrom, Sara, Lee, Younjoo J., Osinski, Robert, Semiletov, Igor, Ulfsbo, Adam, Wåhlstrom, Irene, and Anderson, Leif G.

Published
2022
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41. On the circulation, water mass distribution, and nutrient concentrations of the western Chukchi Sea

Author

Naval Postgraduate School, Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Assmann, Karen M., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Björk, Göran, Jakobsson, Martin, Jutterström, Sara, Lee, Younjoo J., Osinski, Robert, Semiletov, Igor, Ulfsbo, Adam, Wåhlström, Irene, Anderson, Leif G., Naval Postgraduate School, Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, Assmann, Karen M., Maslowski, Wieslaw, Björk, Göran, Jakobsson, Martin, Jutterström, Sara, Lee, Younjoo J., Osinski, Robert, Semiletov, Igor, Ulfsbo, Adam, Wåhlström, Irene, and Anderson, Leif G.

Abstract

Substantial amounts of nutrients and carbon enter the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait, distributed over three main pathways. Water with low salinities and nutrient concentrations takes an eastern route along the Alaskan coast, as Alaskan Coastal Water. A central pathway exhibits intermediate salinity and nutrient concentrations, while the most nutrient-rich water enters the Bering Strait on its western side. Towards the Arctic Ocean, the flow of these water masses is subject to strong topographic steering within the Chukchi Sea with volume trans port modulated by the wind field. In this contribution, we use data from several sections crossing Herald Canyon collected in 2008 and 2014 together with numerical modelling to investigate the circulation and transport in the western part of the Chukchi Sea. We find that a substantial fraction of water from the Chukchi Sea enters the East Siberian Sea south of Wrangel Island and circulates in an anticyclonic direction around the island. This water then contributes to the high nutrient waters of Herald Canyon. The bottom of the canyon has the highest nutrient concentrations, likely as a result of addition from the degradation of organic matter at the sediment surface in the East Siberian Sea. The flux of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) and dissolved inorganic carbon in Bering Summer Water and Winter Water is computed by combining hydrographic and nutrient observations with geostrophic transport referenced to lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) and surface drift data. Even if there are some general similarities between the years, there are differences in both the temperature–salinity and nutrient characteristics. To assess these differences, and also to get a wider temporal and spatial view, numerical modelling results are applied. According to model results, high-frequency variability dominates the flow in Herald Canyon. This leads us to conclude that this region needs

Published
2022

42. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition-Atmosphere INTRODUCTION

Author

Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Helene, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Duetsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, Andre, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Guenther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuze, Celine, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Luepkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Paetzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petaja, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preusser, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, Yue, Fange, Shupe, Matthew D., Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Persson, P. Ola G., Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Angot, Helene, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoe, Brooks, Ian M., Calmer, Radiance, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher J., Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Duetsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, Andre, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison A., Frey, Markus M., Gallagher, Michael R., Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Juergen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Guenther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Heuze, Celine, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Howard, Dean, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, Jozef, Gina, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Luepkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Paetzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald K., Petaja, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri A., Preusser, Andreas, Quelever, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey M., Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, ZhouQing, and Yue, Fange

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system s

Published
2022

45. Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx): 1. Scaling and Statistical Properties of Sea‐Ice Deformation Fields

Author

Bouchat, Amélie, primary, Hutter, Nils, additional, Chanut, Jérôme, additional, Dupont, Frédéric, additional, Dukhovskoy, Dmitry, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Lee, Younjoo J., additional, Lemieux, Jean‐François, additional, Lique, Camille, additional, Losch, Martin, additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Myers, Paul G., additional, Ólason, Einar, additional, Rampal, Pierre, additional, Rasmussen, Till, additional, Talandier, Claude, additional, Tremblay, Bruno, additional, and Wang, Qiang, additional

Published
2022
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46. Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx): 2. Evaluating Linear Kinematic Features in High‐Resolution Sea Ice Simulations

Author

Hutter, Nils, primary, Bouchat, Amélie, additional, Dupont, Frédéric, additional, Dukhovskoy, Dmitry, additional, Koldunov, Nikolay, additional, Lee, Younjoo J., additional, Lemieux, Jean‐François, additional, Lique, Camille, additional, Losch, Martin, additional, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Myers, Paul G., additional, Ólason, Einar, additional, Rampal, Pierre, additional, Rasmussen, Till, additional, Talandier, Claude, additional, Tremblay, Bruno, additional, and Wang, Qiang, additional

Published
2022
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48. Arctic sea ice anomalies during the MOSAiC winter 2019/20

Author

Dethloff, Klaus, primary, Maslowski, Wieslaw, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Lee, Younjoo J., additional, Goessling, Helge F., additional, Krumpen, Thomas, additional, Haas, Christian, additional, Handorf, Dörthe, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Bessonov, Vladimir, additional, Cassano, John J., additional, Kinney, Jaclyn Clement, additional, Osinski, Robert, additional, Rex, Markus, additional, Rinke, Annette, additional, Sokolova, Julia, additional, and Sommerfeld, Anja, additional

Published
2022
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49. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, Matthew, Rex, Markus, Blomquist, Byron, Ola, P, Persson, G, Schmale, Julia, Uttal, Taneil, Althausen, Dietrich, Lè Ne Angot, Hé, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Beck, Ivo, Bilberry, John, Bucci, Silvia, Buck, Clifton, Boyer, Matt, Brasseur, Zoé, Brooks, Ian, Cassano, John, Castro, Vagner, Chu, David, Costa, David, Cox, Christopher, Creamean, Jessie, Crewell, Susanne, Dahlke, Sandro, Damm, Ellen, de Boer, Gijs, Deckelmann, Holger, Dethloff, Klaus, Dütsch, Marina, Ebell, Kerstin, Ehrlich, André, Ellis, Jody, Engelmann, Ronny, Fong, Allison, Frey, Markus, Gallagher, Michael, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gradinger, Rolf, Graeser, Jürgen, Greenamyer, Vernon, Griesche, Hannes, Griffiths, Steele, Hamilton, Jonathan, Heinemann, Günther, Helmig, Detlev, Herber, Andreas, Line Heuzé, Cé, Hofer, Julian, Houchens, Todd, Inoue, Jun, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Jaiser, Ralf, Jokinen, Tuija, Jourdan, Olivier, King, Wessley, Kirchgaessner, Amelie, Klingebiel, Marcus, Krassovski, Misha, Krumpen, Thomas, Lampert, Astrid, Landing, William, Laurila, Tiia, Lawrence, Dale, Lonardi, Michael, Loose, Brice, Lüpkes, Christof, Maahn, Maximilian, Macke, Andreas, Maslowski, Wieslaw, Marsay, Christopher, Maturilli, Marion, Mech, Mario, Morris, Sara, Moser, Manuel, Nicolaus, Marcel, Ortega, Paul, Osborn, Jackson, Pätzold, Falk, Perovich, Donald, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pilz, Christian, Pirazzini, Roberta, Posman, Kevin, Powers, Heath, Pratt, Kerri, Preusser, Andreas, Qué Lé Ver, Lauriane, Radenz, Martin, Rabe, Benjamin, Rinke, Annette, Sachs, Torsten, Schulz, Alexander, Siebert, Holger, Silva, Tercio, Solomon, Amy, Sommerfeld, Anja, Spreen, Gunnar, Stephens, Mark, Stohl, Andreas, Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, Janek, Viegas, Juarez, Voigt, Christiane, von Der Gathen, Peter, Wehner, Birgit, Welker, Jeffrey, Wendisch, Manfred, Werner, Martin, Xie, Zhouqing, Yue, Fange, Jourdan, Olivier, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Arctic, Field campaign, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge.The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system scientific research and provide an important foundation for advancing multiscale modeling capabilities in the Arctic.

Published
2022

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