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The efficacy of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Mentha spicata, Mentha puleguim, Ocimum basilicum, and Ruta graveolens was examined against Oligonychus afrasiaticus in a controlled laboratory conditions. The EOs were tested to assess fumigant toxicity, contact impact, and repellency. The essential oil of R. graveolens was characterized by the high concentration of 2-nonanone (11.9%), 2-undecanone (16.22%) and 1-nonene (19.4%). The composition of O. basilicum EO was characterized by linalool (29.23%), whereas 1,8-cineole (14.60%) was the major constituent in M. puleguim EO. The principal component of M. spicata was carvone (50.6%). The laboratory bioassay results demonstrated that the essential oils derived from M. pulegium, O. basilicum and M. spicata caused a mortality rate of 50% among females when administered at a concentration of 1 µL/L. With this concentration, R. graveolens EO caused significantly higher acaricidal effects (98%) with LC50 = 0.11 µL/L air. All oils showed a significant level of pest-repellent activity, with their repellency effects reaching 95% after 1 h of exposure against female adults of O. afrasiaticus at doses of 0.318 and 1.9 µL/cm². The R. graveolens EO exhibited higher toxicity through residual contact compared to other oils, with LC50 values of 0.18 µL/L air. Toxicity of the highly effective R. graveolens plant can occur via residual contact, repulsive and fumigant action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three isomers of the triatomic [Al, N, O] molecular system have been observed in a solid argon matrix by infrared absorption spectroscopy using 15N and 18O isotopic substitution. The present work provides high-level quantum chemical predictions of their spectroscopic parameters to observe this system in the interstellar medium. The spectroscopic parameters, stability, and geometries of the lowest stable isomers of its isoelectronic system [Al, N, S] were characterized using coupled-cluster CCSD(T), explicitly correlated coupled-cluster CCSD(T)-F12, and multireference configuration interaction. The three-dimensional potential energy surfaces of all isomers were computed at the CCSD(T)-F12/aug-cc-pV5Z level, and a set of spectroscopic parameters were calculated. In both systems, the most stable isomer is linear with an X3Σ− electronic ground state, and all linear isomers are characterized by small bending modes of less than 200 cm−1. Due to their large dipole moments, the high intensities of such modes, and the nonexistence of anharmonic resonance complicating their spectra, our results facilitate the detection of AlNO and AlNS in the laboratory or in the interstellar medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ab initio and Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) density functional theory with dispersion correction (PBE-D3) calculations are performed to study N2-Arn (n ≤ 3) complexes and N2 trapped in Ar matrix (i.e., N2@Ar). For cluster computations, we used both Møller-Plesset (MP2) and PBE-D3 methods. For N2@Ar, we used a periodic-dispersion corrected model for Ar matrix, which consists on a slab of four layers of Ar atoms. We determined the equilibrium structures and binding energies of N2 interacting with these entities. We also deduced the N2 vibrational frequency shifts caused by clustering or embedding compared to an isolated N2 molecule. Upon complexation or embedding, the vibrational frequency of N2 is slightly shifted, while its equilibrium distance remains unchanged. This is due to the weak interactions between N2 and Ar within these compounds. Our calculations show the importance of inclusion of dispersion effects for the accurate description of geometrical and spectroscopic parameters of N2 isolated, in interaction with Ar surfaces, or trapped in Ar matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the insecticidal properties of essential oil derived from Eucalyptus cinerea leaves and its main component, 1,8-cineole, against two significant pests of stored dates, Ectomyelois ceratoniae and Ephestia kuehniella (Pyralidae). The impact of the treatment on the sensory characteristics of date fruits was assessed to verify the complete absence of off-odours and off-flavours. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis of E. cinerea essential oil revealed that the primary compound was 1,8-cineole (74.5%). Fumigant toxicity of the two pests, indicated that first instar larvae (L1) exhibited greater tolerance to E. cinerea EO and 1,8-cineole than L5, while adult forms were more susceptible than larvae. The E. cinerea EO had a noticeable pest contact activity when used at a concentration of 0.35 µL/cm 2 caused 100 and 88.3% mortality to E. ceratoniae and E. kueheniella , respectively, after 1 hour of exposure. Hedonic evaluation showed that consumers' appreciation of fumigated dates was not significantly different to the no treated dates.

Eucalyptus leucoxylon, Rosmarinus officinalis , berries, and leaves of Schinus molle essential oils were analysed using GC-MS techniques and assessed for their fumigant toxicity against adults, larvae, and eggs of Ectomyelois ceratoniae and Ephestia kuehniella . Results showed that E. leucoxylon contained Spathulenol, p-Cymene, and Cryptone as major compounds. GC - MS analyses showed that the major compounds of R. officinalis essential oil were 1,8-Cineole, Camphor, and α-pinene. I-Phellandrene, t-Muurolol, and Phellandrene were the major components of the S. molle leaves; while I-Phellandrene, Limonen, and δ-Cadinene were the major components of the S. molle berries. S. molle berries were the most efficient followed by R. officinalis against E. ceratoniae and E. kuehniella . The most effective tested essential oil against E. ceratoniae larvae was S. molle berries. Results on the ovicidal and larvicidal effects of the tested oils demonstrated that R. officinalis was the most effective essential oil against E. kuehniella eggs.

Head and neck involvement of Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely encountered, especially for the Mediterranean classic subtype. Here we report a case of non-AIDS related laryngeal Kaposi's sarcoma in a 77-year-old Tunisian man complaining of 4-month history of hoarseness and dysphagia. The patient underwent exclusive local radiotherapy with a prescription dose of 45 Gy delivered in 1.8 Gy daily fractions. He remained complaint-free for 3 months., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright: Zeineb Naimi et al.)

Primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma (PCL) are soft-tissue sarcoma, arising in the dermis, with or without extension into the subcutis. They are thought to have an indolent course compared to their subcutaneous counterparts, they may recur but rarely metastases. We report the case of a patient with a PCL arising in the anterior trunk wall who developed pulmonary, bone and retroperitoneal metastases 6 years after wide surgical excision of the primary tumor., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Background and Purpose: Cardiac disease has been related to heart dose after left-sided breast radiotherapy. This trial evaluates the heart sparing ability and feasibility of deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) in the prone position for left-sided whole breast irradiation (WBI)., Materials and Methods: Twelve patients underwent CT-simulation in supine shallow breathing (SB), supine DIBH, prone SB and prone DIBH. A validation cohort of 38 patients received prone SB and prone DIBH CT-scans; the last 30 patients were accepted for prone DIBH treatment. WBI was planned with a prescription dose of 40.05 Gy., Results: DIBH was able to reduce (p<0.001) heart dose in both positions, with results for prone DIBH at least as favorable as for supine DIBH. Mean heart dose was lowered from 2.2 Gy for prone SB to 1.3 Gy for prone DIBH (p<0.001), while preserving the lung sparing ability of prone positioning. Moreover prone DIBH nearly consistently reduced mean heart dose to less then 2 Gy, regardless of breast volume. All patients were able to perform the simulation procedure, 28/30 patients were treated with prone DIBH., Conclusions: This trial demonstrates the ability and feasibility of prone DIBH to acquire optimal heart and lung sparing for left-sided WBI., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: A national project to improve the quality of breast radiation therapy was started, named PROCAB (PROject on CAncer of the Breast). One of the objectives was to reach a national consensus guideline for the delineation of the regional lymph node areas in breast radiation therapy., Methods: The realization of the new guidelines was a step by step process that started with multiple expert meetings where the existing guidelines were analyzed and the delineations of the lymph node regions were performed together with a surgeon, specialized in the anatomy of the drainage of the breast., Results: The delineation guidelines are vessel-based. Since the occurrence of pathological lymph nodes is typically around the veins, the cranial and caudal borders of all different nodal regions are based on a 5mm margin around the veins, except for the parasternal lymph node area. Compared to the existing guidelines there are some major changes., Conclusion: With this project a national as well as a European (ESTRO) consensus guideline for the delineation of the regional lymph node areas in breast RT is reached. The new delineation atlas is vessel-based and no longer field-based., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Sternal arch is a nonspecific clinical signs wich may arise during following of breast cancer, this sign reveals an involvement of internal mammary nodes secondary to breast cancer., Aim: To report a rare event such as a loco-regional sternal or parasternal invasion secondary to locally advanced cases of breast cancer (BC) about a Tunisian series., Methods: We collected retrospectively from 1988 to 2012, 11 cases of BC treated at the Institut Salah Azaiez (ISA) of Tunis, with presence during the disease evolution (initial or at relapse) of a sternal or parasternal swelling. We analyzed their clinical history, clinical and imaging data (CT-scan and/or MRI), stage, time of occurrence, treatment and evolution, Results: All patients were females and their mean age was 46 years varying from 24 to 75 years. The sternal or parasternal swelling was found at diagnosis in 5 cases and on recurrence in 6 patients after a mean free interval of 24 months, > 12 months in 5 cases. The mean clinical tumor size of the primitive BC was 38 mm (24-75 mm) and lesions located in external quadrants in 3 cases and internal or central in 6 cases. Sternal involvement related to large Intrammmary Chain (IMC) adenopathies was diagnosed by CT-scan. 7 patients had synchronous metastases. 9 out of the 11 patients received a locoregional RT and two received chemotherapy (CT)., Conclusion: Sternal or parasternal swelling is a clinical apparent symptom of advanced internal mammary lymph nodes in breast cancer. The first etiologic diagnosis in this context is an advanced internal mammary chain (IMC) node involvement from breast cancer.