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Chromosomal abnormalities are an attractive avenue for the screening of various disorders especially related to carcinogens like acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The cytogenetic findings like Karyotypic patterns are common in pediatric patients. On the other hand, monosomal karyotype (MK) and complex karyotype (CK) are more common in older patients. Further, recent studies have revealed direct proportion between the number of chromosome abnormalities and mortality rates in both pediatric as well as old patients affected by AML. Moreover, to be specific 5q, 7q and/or 17p loss lead to higher mortality rates in comparison to loss of to MK. The present review article would put light on current views of important chromosomal changes during AML, especially in pediatric patients.

Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) is one of the major fruit borer pests of litchi and longan in Southern China. Although chemical control is effective, alternative, biorational strategies are preferable, and should be developed. Predators play an important role in the biological control of agricultural pests, but an accurate method for the evaluation of predation in agriculture has not yet been developed. Here, we report a new, specific primer pair to amplify a C. sinensis cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence fragment that can be used to detect consumption of C. sinensis by its predators. C. sinensis DNA was found in several arthropods collected in the field, including the important C. sinensis predators Menochilus sexmaculata (Coccinellidae), Leucauge magnifica (Tetragnathidae), Propylea japonica (Coccinellidae), and Oxyopes sertatus (Oxyopidae). The detection rates of C. sinensis COI DNA in these predators were 39.3, 36.4, 27.3, and 27.2%, respectively. Laboratory consumption and hunting capacity analysis of M. sexmaculata and P. japonica adults indicated that they exhibit a Holling type II functional response on C. sinensis eggs under field temperatures. A polymerase chain reaction digestion analysis of M. sexmaculata and P. japonica adults after consumption of a single C. sinensis egg indicated that positive detection decreased with the extension of digestion time, and estimated prey DNA half-lives were 16.3 h in M. sexmaculata and 6.0 h in P. japonica. These data serve to characterize two major predators of C. sinensis with potential for biological control of C. sinensis in litchi orchards.

Motivated by a recent work performed at Australian National University by S. Kalkal et al. [Phys. Rev. C 93, 044605 (2016)] on breakup and its time scale, where it was shown that the prompt (or near-target) breakup of $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$ is almost negligible and consequently the near-barrier complete fusion cross section induced by these weakly bound Li isotopes on light targets should not be suppressed by the breakup, as it is for heavier targets, we estimated the contributions of complete and incomplete fusion in the measured total fusions for several light systems available in the literature. The chosen systems were those for which the fusion cross sections had been measured using the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy method and all evaporation channel cross sections were reported. For the estimation, we used, apart from the data, the predictions of the evaporation code cascade. The results show that, indeed, the complete fusion suppression is negligible for such systems at energies slightly above the barrier, in agreement with the above-mentioned recent measurements of breakup time scales.

Coulomb barrier heights calculated by using 14 different versions of proximity potentials are studied and applied for experimental data of fusion in terms of a recently proposed energy scaling approach. The results show that the descriptions of proximity potentials 77 and 88 for the barrier heights seem to be closest to the values required by the systematics. On the basis of proximity potential 77, the parameterized formulas of the barrier height and radius are obtained. These formulas can calculate the barrier positions and barrier heights reasonably well within the error, respectively. Thus it provides a simple and direct way to calculate the barrier positions and barrier heights for heavy-ion fusion reactions.

Investigation of the breakup and transfer effect of weakly bound nuclei on the fusion process has been an interesting research topic in the past several years. However, owing to the low intensities of the presently available radioactive ion beam (RIB), it is difficult to clearly explore the reaction mechanisms of nuclear systems with unstable nuclei. In comparison with RIB, the beam intensities of stable weakly bound nuclei such as 6,7 Li and 9 Be, which have significant breakup probability, are orders of magnitude higher. Precise fusion measurements have already been performed with those stable weakly bound nuclei, and the effect of breakup of those nuclei on the fusion process has been extensively studied. Those nuclei indicated large production cross sections for particles other than the α + x breakup. The particles are originated from non-capture breakup (NCBU), incomplete fusion (ICF) and transfer processes. However, the conclusion of reaction dynamics was not clear and has the contradiction.In our previous experiments we have performed 6 Li+96 Zr and 154 Sm at HI-13 Tandem accelerator of China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) by using HPGe array. It is shown that there is a small complete fusion (CF) suppression on medium-mass target nucleus 96 Zr different from about 35% suppression on heavier target nucleus 154 Sm at near-barrier energies. It seems that the CF suppression factor depends on the charge of target nuclei. We also observed one neutron transfer process. However, the experimental data are scarce for medium-mass target nuclei.In order to have a proper understanding of the influence of breakup and transfer of weakly bound projectiles on the fusion process, we performed the 6 Li+89 Y experiment with incident energies of 22 MeV and 34 MeV on Galileo array in cooperation with Si-ball EUCLIDES at Legnaro National Laboratory (LNL) in Italy. Using particle-particle and particle-γ coincidences, the different reaction mechanisms can be clearly explored.

Trichogramma strains were compared for their suitability to control the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hb. The host preference was tested in laboratory experiments by offering single parasite females the choice between eggs of the target pest and eggs of the replacement mass rearing host Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella. Only the following three strains, from a total of 20 tested, showed preference to and/or satisfactorily parasitized the corn borer eggs, in order of effectiveness: Trichogramma ostriniae from China P.R. (strain 62), Trichogramma evanescens from Moldavia, USSR (strain 10) and T. evanescens from Germany F.R. (strain 105). The number of parasite eggs laid in the corn borer and that laid in the Sitotroga eggs were 17.6 and 5.83 for strain 62; 9.1 and 12.73 for strain 10; and 3.73 and 16.1 for strain 105. The remaining 17 strains almost completely ignored the Ostrinia eggs and only parasitized the grain moth eggs. The searching capacity of T. ostriniae and T. evanescens was compared by conducting parasite release experiments on corn plants in cages. No significant differences between the two species were found. The results of these experiments confirmed that the choice of the two species T. ostriniae and T. evanescens (Moldavia), that are presently being used in practice to control the corn borers in Asia and Europe is justified. The simple laboratory method to test the host preference used in these experiments was found to be suitable for the selection of effective species of the genus Trichogramma for biological control. Zusammenfassung Zur Auswahl geeigneter Eiparasitenstamme der Gattung Trichogramma (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) fur die Bekampfung des Maiszunslers, Ostrinia nubilalis Hb. (Lep., Pyralidae) Es wurden 20 Trichogramma-Stamme auf ihre Eignung zur Bekampfung des Maiszunslers Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner getestet. Zur Feststellung der Wirtspraferenz wurden einzelnen Trichogramma-Weibchen Eier des Zielschadlings zusammen mit Eiern des Ersatzwirtes Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. (Getreidemotte) angeboten. Nur 3 der 20 gepruften Eiparasitenstamme liesen mesbare Leistungen bei der Suche nach und bei der Parasitisierung von Eiern des Maiszunslers in nachstehender Reihenfolge erkennen: 1. Trichogramma ostriniae (Stamm 62 aus China), 2. T. evanescens (Stamm 10 aus der Sowjetrepublik Moldau) und T. evanescens (Stamm 105 aus Eiern von Mamestra brassicae in einem Kohlfeld bei Darmstadt). Die Anzahl der abgelegten Trichogramma-Eier in den Maiszunsler- und Getreidemotteneiern betrug bei Stamm 62 17,6 bzw. 5,83, bei Stamm 10 9,1 bzw. 12,73 und bei Stamm 105 3,73 bzw. 16,1. Die restlichen 17 Stamme hatten kaum Kontakte mit den Eiern des Maiszunslers und parasitierten fast ausschlieslich die Eier des Ersatzwirtes S. cerealella. Das Suchverhalten von T. ostriniae (Stamm 62) und T. evanescens (10) an Maispflanzen wurde in Kafigversuchen verglichen. Hierbei waren keine signifikanten Unterschiede zu erkennen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit bestatigen, das die Auswahl der Arten T. ostriniae und T. evanescens (Moldau), die gegenwartig in Asien bzw. in Europa zur Bekampfung des Maiszunslers in der Praxis eingesetzt werden, gerechtfertigt ist. Die hier erarbeitete einfache Labormethode zur Prufung der Wirtspraferenz von Trichogramma hat sich bei der Auswahl von geeigneten Stammen dieser Eiparasitengattung zur Anwendung im biologischen Pflanzenschutz gut bewahrt.