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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the commonest cancers with high morbidity and mortality in the world. How to realize precise diagnosis and therapy of GC owns great clinical requirement. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been actively explored to apply to early diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of gastric carcinoma. Herein, we review recent advance of AI in early screening, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of stomach carcinoma. Especially AI combined with breath screening early GC system improved 97.4 % of early GC diagnosis ratio, AI model on stomach cancer diagnosis system of saliva biomarkers obtained an overall accuracy of 97.18 %, specificity of 97.44 %, and sensitivity of 96.88 %. We also discuss concept, issues, approaches and challenges of AI applied in stomach cancer. This review provides a comprehensive view and roadmap for readers working in this field, with the aim of pushing application of AI in theranostics of stomach cancer to increase the early discovery ratio and curative ratio of GC patients.

Oral squamous cancers (OSC) are hallmarked by poor prognosis, delayed clinical detection, and a lack of defined, characteristic biomarkers. By screening combinatorial one-bead one-compound (OBOC) peptide libraries against oral squamous cancer cell lines, two cyclic peptide ligands, LLY12 and LLY13 were previously identified. These ligands are capable of specific binding to the oral cancer cell lines (MOK-101, HSC-3, SCC-4 and SCC-10a) but not non-cancerous keratinocytes, leukocytes, fibroblast, and endothelial cells. These two peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their binding property, cytotoxicity and cell permeability. In vitro studies indicate that both LLY12 and LLY13 were able to bind to oral cancer cells with high specificity but did not show any cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes. Biotinylated LLY13, in complex with streptavidin-alexa488 was taken up by live oral cancer cells, thus rendering it as an excellent candidate vehicle for efficient delivery of drug loaded-nanoparticles. In vivo and ex vivo near infra-red fluorescence imaging studies confirmed the in vivo targeting efficiency and specificity of LLY13 in oral cancer orthotopic murine xenograft model. In vivo studies also showed that LLY13 was able to accumulate in the OSC tumors and demarcate the tumor margins in orthotopic xenograft model. Together, our data supports LLY13 as a promising theranostic agent against OSC.

Tamaricaceae comprises about 120 species and has a long evolutionary history, Tamarix Linn accounts for approximately 75% of the total species in this family. It is the most widely distributed and diverse genus in the family. They have important ecological significance for transforming deserts and improving climate conditions. However, Tamarix is the most poorly classified genera among flowering plants owing to its large variability and high susceptibility to interspecific hybridization. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of three Tamarix species and one draft chloroplast genome were obtained in this study. Combined with eight chloroplast genomes deposited in GenBank, complete chloroplast sequences of 12 Tamarix species were used for further analysis. There are 176 non‐SSR‐related indels and 681 non‐indel‐related SSRs in the 12 Tamarix chloroplast genomes. The mononucleotide SSRs are the most prevalent among all types of SSRs. The mVISTA results indicate high sequence similarities across the chloroplast genome, suggesting that the chloroplast genomes are highly conserved, except for sample Tamarix androssowii (ENC850343). The IR regions and the coding regions are more conserved than the single‐copy and noncoding regions. The trnF‐ndhJ, ndhC‐trnM‐CAU, ycf1, and trnL‐UAG‐ndhF regions are the most variable and have higher variability than those of the universal DNA markers. Finally, the first phylogenetic tree of Tamaricaceae was constructed which confirmed the monophyly of Tamarix in Tamaricaceae. The first phylogenetic tree of Tamarix was based on the complete chloroplast genome to date, the changes in branch length and support rate can potentially help us clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Tamarix. All the obtained genetic resources will facilitate future studies in population genetics, species identification, and conservation biology of Tamarix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shorter duration of ice‐free conditions at successively northern latitudes increasingly constrains large‐bodied waterbirds from completing their reproductive cycle before freeze‐up, affecting their migration and breeding schedules. We compared migration timing and duration of stay in summering areas between 127 tracked East Asian Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus breeding at high latitude (HLP, 67°N, Japan wintering) and mid‐latitude (MLP, 48°N, China wintering) based on tracking and remote‐sensing data. Adult breeding site arrival dates were positively correlated with latitude. HLP adults arrived just before 50% snow melt, and summered for 142 days (the duration of the ice‐free period there), just over the c.130 days required to hatch and raise cygnets to fledging. MLP adults arrived 3 weeks after 50% snow melt, and summered for c.209 days (c.80% of the total ice‐free period of 267 days), laying eggs c.33 days after arrival. These results suggest that HLP breeders were more likely to invest stored nutrients and energy brought from winter quarters and/or on migration to enable rapid egg‐laying post‐arrival at the breeding grounds (a more 'capital' breeding strategy). By contrast, MLP females appear able to obtain most, if not all, of their energetic and nutritional reproductive needs exogenously post‐arrival at breeding areas (a more 'income' breeding strategy). HLP individuals left the breeding grounds before MLP, but all departed before freeze‐up. Migration duration did not differ between the two groups, so differential summer residency times affected duration on wintering areas. We recommend follow‐up investigations of the relative degree of capital/income investment among birds from both groups and their effects on their respective demographics, population dynamics and growth rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroundα3β1 integrin is overexpressed in several types of human cancer and is associated with poor prognosis, metastasis, and resistance to cancer treatment. We previously identified a cyclic peptide ligand LXY1 that specifically binds to the α3β1 integrin on human glioblastoma U-87MG cells. Here, we optimized LXY1 through one-bead one-compound combinatorial library screening and site-specific modifications to improve its in vivo binding property.MethodsThree bead libraries were synthesized and whole-cell binding assays were performed. The binding capacity of individual peptide ligands against different tumor cells was determined by flow cytometry and confirmed by optical imaging. A complex joining biotinylated ligand with streptavidin-Cy5.5 was used for in vivo target imaging in both subcutaneous and orthotopic U-87MG xenograft mouse models.ResultsLXY30, a cyclic peptide with the sequence cdG-Phe(3,5-diF)-G-Hyp-NcR, emerged as the most potent and selective ligand for the α3 subunit of α3β1 integrin with improved in vitro and in vivo tumor-targeting effects compared to LXY1 in U-87MG cells. LXY30 is considerably stable in plasma as demonstrated in an in vitro stability study in 90 % human plasma. LXY30 also binds to several other known α3β1 integrin-expressing glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancer cell lines with various affinities.ConclusionsOur data support further investigating the role of LXY30 as a human tumor-targeting peptide ligand for systemic and intracranial delivery of imaging agents and cancer therapeutics.

Avian populations showing a diversity of migration patterns are more likely resilient to environmental changes and less likely to decline in response to factors such as climate change and habitat loss, making knowledge of how migration behaviour varies spatially and temporally within and between individuals crucial for their successful conservation. We tracked 31 migratory episodes in six East Asian Pied Avocets, identifying migration behaviour and annual schedules over 5 consecutive years. The Pied Avocets spent means of 195 days on summering areas, 108 days on wintering areas, 24 days on autumn (9 November–3 December), and 27 days on spring (23 March–19 April), with considerable individual variation. Individuals also exhibited significant variability in migration distance (mean of 977 ± 347 km and 1,261 ± 507 km in autumn and spring, respectively), migration speed, stopover duration and site fidelity. Some birds showed consistent between-year migration patterns and site fidelity, others did not. Four individuals exhibited highly peripatetic summer schedules, implying sampling between inland arid and coastal wetlands for potential nesting sites. Our results supplement recent studies by providing new valuable insights into individual behavioural plasticity on migration with long-term tracking data and new knowledge about previously unknown summering areas in the Northern Yellow Sea, NE China, Inner Mongolia, and NW Hebei, also confirming the importance of known wintering areas in the Southern Yellow Sea, the Yangtze River and the Huai River floodplain. We urge prudence in concluding too much from our limited sample size and further tracking of more individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressed 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB)‐based polymer‐bonded explosive (PBX) exhibits significant anisotropic and irreversible expansion characteristics during temperature cycling, resulting in both safety and service issues. The anisotropic and irreversible expansion properties of PBX have shown to be closely related to the microstructures, including explosive crystals, binders, micro voids, el. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology has advantages of high reliability, accuracy, and sensitivity, which is more conducive to real‐time capture of the changes in strain throughout the temperature cycling. In this study, temperature cycling strain monitoring experiments of PBX pressed under different thermal–mechanical coupling loading conditions were studied using FBG technology. The effect of the pressing parameters on the anisotropic and irreversible expansion characteristics of the PBX's during temperature cycling was measured and analyzed, taking into account potential microstructural factors such as crystal orientation, binders, and porosity. The results indicated that the strain on the side and top of PBX cylinders were distributed with increasing strain in the direction of higher density. The strain stratification was significant during the high‐temperature stage of temperature cycling and was not obvious during the low‐temperature stage. The degree of strain stratification decreased with an increase in temperature cycling cycles and increased with higher pressing temperatures. The anisotropic expansion of PBX cylinders increased with an increase in temperature during cycling and decreased with a reduction in temperature. The axial expansion degree of PBX cylinders pressed under different compression conditions in the later cycles of temperature cycling is consistent with the different crystal orientations intensity inside them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Northern Hemisphere temperate forests exhibit a disjunct distributional pattern in Europe, North America, and East Asia. Here, to reveal the promoter of intercontinental disjunct distribution, Fraxinus was used as a model organism to integrate abundant fossil evidence with high-resolution phylogenies in a phytogeographic analysis. We constructed a robust phylogenetic tree using genomic data, reconstructed the geographic ancestral areas, and evaluated the effect of incorporating fossil information on the reconstructed biogeographic history. The phylogenetic relationships of Fraxinus were highly resolved and divided into seven clades. Fraxinus originated in western North America during Eocene, and six intercontinental dispersal events and five intercontinental vicariance events were occured. Results suggest that climate change and vicariance contributed to the intercontinental disjunct distribution pattern of Fraxinus. Moreover, results highlight the necessity of integrating phylogenetic relationship and fossil to improve the reliability of inferred biogeographic events and our understanding of the processes underlying disjunct distributions. A phylogenetic genomics study combining fossil data reveals that climate change led to the intercontinental disjunct distribution pattern of Fraxinus [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is increasingly preferred to finish closed complicated flow channels machined by electrical discharge machining (EDM) owing to its high machining accessibility, surface integrity, and efficiency. The machining accuracy of closed complicated flow channels by AFM is dependent on the uniformity of material removal distribution (named as finishing nonuniformity here), but few studies on the finishing nonuniformity have been done so far. Firstly the finishing nonuniformity for EDM machined complicated flow channel by AFM was modeled and analyzed theoretically. Then three blisk with EDM surface roughness of Ra 1.5 μm, Ra 2.0 μm, and Ra 3.0 μm were finished by AFM to Ra 0.8 μm, and their finishing nonuniformity was compared. Finally, AFM flow simulation was carried out, and the simulation results were compared with that from the experiments. Theoretical results showed that finishing nonuniformity is resulted from the non-uniform flow field of the abrasive medium, and it increases with increasing EDM surface roughness and decreasing AFM surface roughness. This is verified by the AFM experiments and flow simulations. On this basis, the guideline for parameter optimization in the combined EDM + AFM process was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful progression of meiosis prophase I requires integrating information from the structural and molecular levels. In this study, we show that ZFP541 and KCTD19 work in the same genetic pathway to regulate the progression of male meiosis and thus fertility. The Zfp541 and/or Kctd19 knockout male mice show various structural and recombination defects including detached chromosome ends, aberrant localization of chromosome axis components and recombination proteins, and globally altered histone modifications. Further analyses on RNA‐seq, ChIP‐seq, and ATAC‐seq data provide molecular evidence for the above defects and reveal that ZFP541/KCTD19 activates the expression of many genes by repressing several major transcription repressors. More importantly, we reveal an unexpected role of ZFP541/KCTD19 in directly modulating chromatin organization. These results suggest that ZFP541/KCTD19 simultaneously regulates the transcription cascade and chromatin organization to ensure the coordinated progression of multiple events at chromosome structural and biochemical levels during meiosis prophase I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]