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Um exercício de prospectiva territorial foi desenvolvido com a agricultura familiar no município de Paragominas, PA, conhecido como o primeiro “município verde”, para permiti-la melhor inserir-se no jogo político local. A prospectiva é definida como um método para explorar coletivamente o futuro por meio de cenários, que visa antecipar as evoluções desejáveis (ou não desejáveis). É também uma ferramenta para o diálogo, permitindo aos atores de um território confrontar suas visões, aprender, compartir uma visão comum e ser criativo sobre as estratégias futuras. Apresentam-se os princípios da metodologia conduzida em âmbito municipal e das comunidades, o contexto de acompanhamento dentro do qual ela foi inserida (e fundamental para criar legitimidade e laços de confiança) e os resultados concretos, inclusive um plano de ação integrado no plano plurianual (PPA) municipal. Destacamos, em particular, o efeito do trabalho sobre a ação coletiva e a mudança de atitude e de postura, elementos que condicionam em grande parte o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. Dessa forma, trabalhar hipóteses que coloquem os agricultores como atores determinantes dos cenários se tornou uma das principais metas do exercício de prospectiva.

Agroforestry systems (AFS) are recognized as being a land use system that can improve the sustainability of agroecosystems (Wilson et al, 2016). However, low market opportunities for its products is one of the challenges for its adoption, especially the more diversified AFS (Coq-Huelva, 2016). With this perspective, the Brazillian National School Meal Program (Pro-grama Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, PNAE) and Food Procurement Program (Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, PAA) have emerged in the last decade as public policies aimed at stimulating purchasing of local products (Grisa & Porto, 2015). This research aims at assessing how the programs have encouraged biodiversification and in particular in AFS. We compare two municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon, Paragominas and Irituia. By realizing interviews with local stakeholders and review of documents, we identify the variety of products that have been acquired through programs representing different cropping systems (Table 1). The AFSs are the most significant cropping system purchased by the programs in Irituia, differently from Paragominas. This can be explained by the set of background initiatives improving AFSs car-ried out in Irituia. Programs, in this case, have emerged as one of the drivers of this expansion process. We conclude that the programs have a great potential to act on the expansion of diversified systems such as the AFSs, as long as they are associated to other actions present at the local level.

Delivery of environmental services in agricultural systems is a challenge particularly relevant in the Brazilian Amazon, characterized by the co-existence of production systems with different degrees of biodiversification and, consequently, with different levels of services delivery. However, little emphasis has been given to "service delivery" as a source of change, even though the concept of environmental services could be a tool to facilitate communication between local actors. In this context, this research aims to assess the roles of the concept of environmental service in multi-level consultation processes aimed at supporting the adoption of biodiversified production systems. To analyze whether these “services” could be an instrument for the different actors (institutional, technical, scientific and empirical) to explain and formalize their knowledge and expectations regarding the adoption of biodiversified production systems, data collection was based on 30 interviews focusing on the perception of each actor regarding the concepts of environmental services and biodiversification, in two different counties of the Brasilian Amazon, Paragominas and Irituia. My results shows that: (a) the concept of environmental service is not well known among stakeholders, but some “services” are often mentioned (without using the concept); (b) There is a set of common services perceived by the different stakeholders, among which stand out: i) Provisioning services: quality food; ii) Regulating services: soil fertility, regulation of water cycles and pest control; iii) Supporting services; pollination and biomass production. (c) Despite the low difference in the level of perception of environmental services between the two counties, Irituia stakeholders showed more interest in service delivery. We have concluded that common services perceived by different actors may suggest a toll to promote knowledge dialogue, but stakeholder involvement may vary according to local interests.