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It is vitally important for Chinese overseas enterprises to understand and manage foreign countries? country risks under further and fast developing economic globalization situation. In this paper, through thoroughly investigating Chinese overseas enterprises, foreign country risks are quantified as one single number as the country risk index to forecast the investment risk for Chinese overseas enterprises.

How to keep Chinese economy’s high growth rate in a long run toward the fully modernized era of China is the major topic of this paper. This letter will develop some theories as a guidance of Chinese economic reforms and development and show the necessary reforms and strategies for long term prosperity into Chinese future.

An automatic identification method for the cane-end of sugarcane based on digital image processing is given considering the characteristic of the cane-end of sugarcane. An image processing method with Visual C++ is used in the dynamic acquisition and jitter procedure, and identifying the cane-end automatically. The identification system of the cane-end of sugarcane consists of the image acquisition unit, the image processing unit, the identification and control unit. After the digital image of a cane-end is collected, the identification system locates the edge between the cane-end and the body of the sugarcane immediately and automatically via image processing and identification, providing the location information of the cane-end for the following mechanical cane-end cutting method. This system can massively improve the productivity of the cane-end cutting mechanism in a sugarcane harvester.

The theoretical studies of optical properties of Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$As self-assembled quantum-wires (QWR's) made of short-period superlattices with strain-induced lateral ordering are presented. Valence-band anisotropy, band mixing, and effects due to local strain distribution at the atomistic level are all taken into account. Using realistic material parameters which are experimentally feasible, we perform simulations of the absorption spectra for both inter-subband and inter-band transitions (including the excitonic effect) of this material.It is shown that the self-assembled QWR's have favorable optical properties for application in infra-red detection with normal incidence. The wavelength of detection ranges from 10 $\mu m$ to 20 $\mu m$ with the length of QWR period varying from 140\AA to 300\AA., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures

A systematic theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$As self-assembled quantum-wires (QWR's) made of short-period superlattices (SPS) with strain-induced lateral ordering is presented. The theory is based on the effective bond-orbital model (EBOM) combined with a valence-force field (VFF) model. Valence-band anisotropy, band mixing, and effects due to local strain distribution at the atomistic level are all taken into account. Several structure models with varying degrees of alloy mixing for lateral modulation are considered. A valence force field model is used to find the equilibrium atomic positions in the QWR structure by minimizing the lattice energy. The strain tensor at each atomic (In or Ga) site is then obtained and included in the calculation of electronic states and optical properties. It is found that different local arrangement of atoms leads to very different strain distribution, which in turn alters the optical properties. In particular, we found that in model structures with thick capping layer the electron and hole are confined in the Ga-rich region and the optical anisotropy can be reversed due to the variation of lateral alloying mixing, while for model structures with thin capping layer the electron and hole are confined in the In-rich region, and the optical anisotropy is much less sensitive to the lateral alloy mixing.

Band structures and optical matrix elements of strained multiple quantum-wires (QWR's) are investigated theoretically via the effective bond-orbital model, which takes into account the effects of valence-band anisotropy and the band mixing. In particular, the Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$As QWR's grown by strain-induced lateral ordering (SILO) are considered. Recently, long wavelength Ga$_{1-x}$In$_x$As QWR lasers have been fabricated via a single step molecular beam epitaxy technique which uses the SILO process.[1] Low threshold current and high optical anisotropy have been achieved. Multi-axial strains [combinations of biaxial strains in the (001) and (110) planes] for QWR's are considered, Our calculated anisotropy in optical matrix elements (for light polarized parallel versus perpendicular to the QWR's axis) is in good agreement with experiment. We also find that the strain tends to increase the quantum confinement and enhance the anisotropy of the optical transitions.

In a piezoelectric ceramic–polymer composite, the piezoceramic and the nonpiezoelectric polymer will have different deformations when subjected to an external electrical or mechanical stimulus. This local, nonuniform deformation eventually determines the overall electromechanical behavior of the composite. In the current investigation, static surface displacements of piezocomposites with 1‐3 and 1‐1‐3 connectivity were measured using a scanning heterodyne laser interferometer. The influence of a thin interlayer surrounding the piezoceramic rods on the resulting displacement profiles was investigated and correlated with rod/polymer adhesion. The elastic stiffness of the interlayer as well as the interfacial adhesion had a significant effect on the rod displacement. Rods coated with a very compliant interlayer had a much larger displacement than untreated rods, while rods treated with a silane coupling agent to enhance adhesion had a much lower displacement. Experimental displacement profiles were found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

In this paper, Chinese economic development is discussed in detail. The 5 major strategies are investigated thoroughly: 1) Speed-maintaining strategies. In this strategies, China must hold a suitable high speed economic growth rate in order to fully use Chinese manpower and world economic opportunities; 2)Healthy economy strategy. By designing and making all effective policies, China must strive to keep Chinese economy in a healthy and controllable status. 3) Competiveness strategy. For this strategy to be effective, China have to push up the RD mechanism to pave the way for technology innovation and encourage companies to use and invent new skills and products to develop a higher level living conditions for Chinese people. 4) People’s quality enhancement. To make Chinese economy a high speed and competitive for a long run, it is vital to enhance Chinese people’s scientific knowledge and skills, especially the modern information technology skills, in this way, Chinese population will be a huge pool for the innovation not the obstacles. 5) Balanced development strategy. All economic related factors must be balanced for a sustainable growth. In the context, the detail procedures and methods are outlined and discussed.

Using the operator formalism, Ward identities are derived for super W3 conformal field theories on a supertorus. Differential equations of correlation functions on the supertorus are also derived by using the Ward identities and null vectors.

This paper will demonstrate what china was doing, is doing and will do for its economic expansion during and after global crisis. Many thoughts and theories about Chinese economic reforms are analyzed. The road map and goal of Chinese economic growth are examined and outlined in this paper. How to keep Chinese economy fast growth is this paper’s key issue which is thoroughly discussed.

Since Chinese economy takes a fast growth path toward the top of the world economy, it is interesting to examine China’s way of development. This paper will demonstrate what china was doing, is doing and will do for its economic expansion during and after global crisis. Many thoughts and theories about Chinese economic reforms are analyzed. The road map and goal of Chinese economic growth are examined and outlined in this paper. How to keep Chinese economy fast growth is this paper’s key issue which is thoroughly discussed.

Value at Risk (VaR) has become the standard measure of market risk employed by financial industry for both internal and regulatory purposes. VaR is defined as the value that a portfolio will lose with a given probability, over a certain time horizon (usually one or ten days). Despite its conceptual simplicity, its measurement is still a very challenging statistical problem and none of the methodologies developed so far give satisfactory solutions. In this paper, we develop a new approach by expanding the realistic return distribution as linear summation of the standard normal distribution function with its coefficients as Legendre polynomial series to improve the calculation of VaR. One can obtain the distribution function toward the realistic distribution in any assumed precision. This approach outcomes the usual VaR calculation by assuming the normal distributions.Finally, we test our approach through a real world data. It is found that our approach give more accurate results for the VaR and also more accurate distribution function than the usual normal distributions.

From the PRS algebra, Ward identities are derived for W∞ algebra on a torus in the character sense. We find an n-point amplitude with energy-momentum tensor insertion or with any other spin field insertion related by the Ward identity to that with all other spin field insertions and its derivatives with respect to the modular parameters. Ward identities are also derived in conventional sense. Similarly, these Ward identities are infinitely correlative.

Starting from the operator formalism, Ward identities are derived for W3 conformal field theories on a torus. The action of the zero mode of the spin-three field inside correlation functions is discussed.

In order to invesitigate the effectiveness of chinese stock market, we take the real data from the market and calculate the seasonal pattern of the stock prices both for the indices and stock prices.We aslo analyze the size factors in the seasonal pattern. It is found chinese stock market is strong in the seasonal pattern which means it is not a strong effective market.

We analyzed the distribution of the eigenvalues of the empirical cross correlation matrix constructed from the data of Chinese stock market and the distribution of the components of some eigenvectors corresponding to certain eigenvalues. Compared with the analytical random matrix theory results, we found that a small part about 11%of eigenvalues are out of the range of random matrix theory results and that the distribution of the components of the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue is evidently different from that of random matrix theory. These results demonstrate that chinese stock market contains 11% non efficient part.

In this paper, we attempt to study quantitatively the effects on macroeconomics due to different shocks. The interactions between different shocks are the major subjects. Furthermore, the dynamics of shocks, i.e, the time evolutions of shocks, and the propagation of shocks are studied in detail by using the quantitative models. The approach of this paper can be applied to any economic shocks, particularly, price shocks, technology shocks, unemployment shocks, and outer capital flow shocks. As an example, we investigate the interaction of price shock and exchange rate shock. At the same time, we also discuss the macroeconomic policy’s effects on economic business cycle.

We calculate the correlation effects for the stock indices as an indicator. The change pattern is demonstrated. It is found that the chinese stock market is toward a less correlation system. It means chinese stock market is getting better.

We study the random matrix technique for the financial data correlations. The usual correlation matrices are known to be noise dressed. We apply a new and alternative method to estimate the true correlations. To be more efficient in getting rid of the error due to the finite observations of the time series data, we use the de-trend data and power mapping correlation matrices approach to analyze the real world financial data and calculate the VaR. We test the time persistence of our results by comparing with the ordinary noise dressed results. It is found that the results are more powerful in predicting.