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Compared with fresh cream, recombined dairy cream has the advantages of low cost, high consistency between production batches, and good foam stability after whipping. It is widely used in industries such as coffee and tea beverages. However, due to the numerous ingredients and complex processes involved in its production, as well as the high requirements for static stability and whipping properties, the current market has heavily relied on imports, which leads to posing significant challenges to domestic dairy companies. The review first elucidated the mechanism of static instability occurring in recombined dairy cream during storage, including initial stable phase, phase separation, and creaming of fat globules, and discussed the factors influencing the rate and extent of instability at each stage. It elaborated on the interactions among fat globules, emulsifiers, and other components during storage and their impacts on the stability of recombined dairy cream. Furthermore, it delved into the process of partial coalescence and foaming during agitation of recombined dairy cream and the subsequent stabilization mechanism. It explicated the influence of solid fat content, fat crystallization characteristics, and emulsifier components on the partial coalescence of fat globules, which will provide technical support for the development and production process of recombined dairy cream products for domestic enterprises.

Ethylene-butadiene-（5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) terpolymer （EBT)/nitrile rubber （NBR) blends were prepared by blending method, and the effects of different blending ratios on curing characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, compression set, aging resistance, low temperature resistance, glass transition temperature and oil resistance of EBT/NBR blends were studied. The results indicated that with the increase of EBT content, tensile strength, tear strength and elongation at break of the blends decreased gradually, while hardness and modulus increased gradually, and compression set got larger gradually. With the increase of EBT content, the hot-air aging resistance of the blends showed a trend of first decreasing and then increa-sing with improved ozone aging resistance and better low temperature resistance, but the oil resistance decreased. When m（EBT)/m（NBR) was 30/70, the comprehensive mechanical properties and oil resistance of the blend decreased slightly, but the low temperature resistance and ozone aging resistance improved significantly.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women, with hormone receptor-positive cases constituting 70%. Fulvestrant, an antagonist for these receptors, is utilized for advanced metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Yet, its inhibitory effect on tumor cells is not strong, and it lacks direct cytotoxicity. Consequently, there's a significant challenge in preventing recurrence and metastasis once cancer cells develop resistance to fulvestrant. Method To address these challenges, we engineered tumor-targeting nanoparticles termed 131I-fulvestrant-ALA-PFP-FA-NPs. This involved labeling fulvestrant with 131I to create 131I-fulvestrant. Subsequently, we incorporated the 131I-fulvestrant and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) into fluorocarbon nanoparticles with folate as the targeting agent. This design facilitates a tri-modal therapeutic approach—endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and PDT for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Results Our in vivo and in vitro tests showed that the drug-laden nanoparticles effectively zeroed in on tumors. This targeting efficiency was corroborated using SPECT-CT imaging, confocal microscopy, and small animal fluorescence imaging. The 131I-fulvestrant-ALA-PFP-FA-NPs maintained stability and showcased potent antitumor capabilities due to the synergism of endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and CR-PDT. Throughout the treatment duration, we detected no notable irregularities in hematological, biochemical, or histological evaluations. Conclusion We've pioneered a nanoparticle system loaded with radioactive isotope 131I, endocrine therapeutic agents, and a photosensitizer precursor. This system offers a combined modality of radiotherapy, endocrine treatment, and PDT for breast cancer. Graphical Abstract

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) implantation is an effective treatment for end ⁃ stage heart failure in addition to heart transplantation. Neurological complications, especially ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, are the most common complications in patients after LVAD. This paper reviews the common neurological complications and its risk factors in patients after LVAD, and proposes early prevention and management strategies to provide guidance for the perioperative and long ⁃ term management of LVAD implantation in end⁃stage heart failure.

Abstract Background The utilization of short videos by individuals often leads to the emergence of information exchange behavior. Previous studies have shown that certain students with psychological disorders exhibit addictive tendencies towards short video-related software. Therefore, it is essential to address the psychology and behavior of college students with psychological disorders while engaging with short videos. This study aims to explore the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 college students afflicted by psychological disorders in a prefecture-level city in Henan Province, China from September to December 2022. Based on the Grounded theory, we encoded 30 text materials across three levels to explore the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders, and subsequently build a model framework. Results The findings of this study suggest that college students with psychological disorders exhibit negative cognition tendencies that can lead to strongly negative emotions, excacerbated by a lack of social support. These adverse factors collectively drive the consumption of short video content in this demographic, providing a virtual environment where they can fulfill their unmet social needs. Therefore, the mechanism governing short video messages interaction among college students with psychological disorders encompasses negative cognitive tendencies, negative emotions, lack of social support, post-video-watching behaviors, and the gratification of social needs within the confines of a virtual environment. Conclusions This study comprehensively analyzes the motivation and complexity of college students with psychological disorders in short video interaction. Although short videos provide this group with some ways of self-expression and emotional support, they still have a negative impact on their physical and mental health. The short video interaction of college students with psychological disorders is affected by many factors, including their negative cognitive tendencies, negative emotions, lack of social support, post-video-watching behaviors, and the gratification of social needs within the confines of a virtual environment. These findings deepened our understanding to the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders, also provided us with guidance on facilitating the proper use of short video and maintaining the mental health. In future researches, researchers can discuss more about intervention measures to help this demographic cope with the challenges from short video interaction.

The gut microbiota are mainly composed of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and are crucial for metabolism and immunity. Muribaculaceae are a family of bacteria within the order Bacteroidetes. Muribaculaceae produce short-chain fatty acids via endogenous (mucin glycans) and exogenous polysaccharides (dietary fibres). The family exhibits a cross-feeding relationship with probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The alleviating effects of a plant-based diet on inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased abundance of Muribaculaceae, a potential probiotic bacterial family. This study reviews the current findings related to Muribaculaceae and systematically introduces their diversity, metabolism, and function. Additionally, the mechanisms of Muribaculaceae in the alleviation of chronic diseases and the limitations in this field of research are introduced.

Children with certain comorbidities and immunocompromising conditions are highly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is an important strategy to reduce death， critical illness and overall disease burden. With the evolving and increasing transmission of SARS-CoV-2， universal vaccination is essential to achieve this goal. Children with special medical conditions are considered as the priorities for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However， vaccine hesitancy towards the implementation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination currently remains an urgent challenge. In order to promote the sustainable vaccination for those children in Shanghai as well as China， Shanghai municipal center for disease control and prevention， together with the national children’s medical center， children’s hospital of Fudan university and the expert group on immunization planning of the Shanghai preventive medicine association， organized a consensus expert working group to formulate the evidence-based recommendations and implementation suggestions for children with common chronic diseases， allergy history， diseases involving adverse events related to vaccination， and immunocompromising conditions， based on the published evidence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for populations and children with special medical conditions.

It is a prerequisite for the success of amphibious operations to grasp the battlefield situation comprehensively and accurately. Firstly, this paper analyzes the demand of situation intelligent cognition in amphibious operations, then proposes the conceptual framework of situation intelligent cognition. Secondly, it describes its function, effect and major models of each component. The research provides guidance for the development of amphibious combat situation awareness ability to intelligent cognitive ability, and promotes the improvement of system combat capability of amphibious operations in the future.

Along with the increase in demand for electricity, dependability requirements for the power supply system also increase. Transformers are the backbone of the electrical system; thus, they must function reliably and safely. In this study, a method based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technology is proposed for assessing the ageing level of insulating oils. Copper-catalysed thermal ageing is applied to four distinct insulating oils at a temperature of 120°C12{0}^{^\circ }{\rm{C}}. The insulating oil ageing peaks are promptly measured using infrared spectroscopy, and the peak area ratios are associated with the interfacial tension and dielectric loss factor. It is observed that the peak area ratio of the ageing peaks and interfacial tension are significantly correlated, and this relationship can be used to determine the ageing condition of the insulating oil. The findings of this study can be used to design sensors for online monitoring of insulating oil quality.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Minhang District， Shanghai from 2013 to 2022， and to evaluate the impact of adjusting the varicella vaccination program to a two-dose regimen and its inclusion in the Shanghai immunization program on the incidence of varicella.MethodsData on reported varicella cases from 2013 to 2022 in Minhang District were collected. Interrupted time series analysis and segmented regression models were used to analyze the changes in varicella incidence before and after the adjustment of varicella immunization strategies.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2022， the average annual incidence of varicella was 76.58/100 000， with the highest incidence in 2017 （119.21/100 000） and the lowest in 2022 （27.02/100 000）. The varicella incidence exhibited seasonal patterns with peaks occurring from March to June and October to January of the following year. Prior to the adjustment of varicella immunization strategies （2013‒2017）， the varicella incidence showed an upward trend （z=2.20， P=0.03）， while after the adjustment （2018‒2022）， a adownward trend was observed （2018‒2022） （z=-2.25， P=0.02）. Interrupted time series analysis showed that following the adjustment of varicella immunization strategies， an immediate change of -33.91/100 000 （t=-4.35， P

Objective: This study aimed to develop polysaccharide-based composite antibacterial films with excellent antibacterial and physicochemical properties to effectively improve the shelf life of food. Methods: Carrageenan, agar, konjac gum and pectin were used as film-forming substrates and natamycin and nano-MgO were used as antibacterialagents to investigate the effects of adding antimicrobial agents on the physical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of the films and the preservation of grapes. Results: After the addition of antibacterial agents, the film thickness, tensile strength and haze increased, air permeability increased and elongation at break decreased, water solubility, swelling and moisture permeability decreased, light transmission and gloss decreased and the color tended to yellow-green, good compatibility with the film filler. It can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella, among which carrageenan/natamycin/nano-MgO composite membrane （CNM） and agar/natamycin/nano-MgO composite membrane （ANM） with good indicators can delay the water loss rate of grapes, improve the decline in hardness and the reduction of soluble solids content, and ensure the appearance and nutritional quality of grapes. Conclusion: ANM and CNM films are suitable for use as antibacterial packaging materials to extend the shelf life of food products, and are expected to be developed into fruit and vegetable preservation films with antibacterial preservation functions.

Objective: In order to solve the problems on tea production of low efficiency of manual sorting, high cost of equipment, large volume, single function and so on. Methods: A small intelligent tea sorting control system was developed by using image recognition technology. According to the gravity, volume, color and shape characteristics of tea and impurities, the system can adjust the wind speed, vibration frequency, color and shape characteristic parameters, and automatically separates tea and impurities. Taking Curl, grain, flake machine-picked tea as the experimental objects, the system performance was tested. Results: The average recognition rate of the control system for the three kinds of machine-picked tea were 86.03%, 93.53% and 89.46% respectively. The yield was about 45.8 kg/h, with the picking rate of about 97%, and the takeout ratio of about 5.4∶1. Conclusion: The intelligent tea sorting control system effectively improves the quality and value of tea and enhances the sorting efficiency.

In order to control the water inrush of Ⅲ638 working face floor verification borehole in Zhuzhuang Coal Mine, we first analyzed the reasons of the water inrush, and confirmed that the inrush water source was L3 limestone water, and the water channel was the floor karst development zone that had not been thoroughly controlled and JF1, JF2, JF3 faults. We proposed the idea of integrated treatment of water source and channel by using ground regional prevention and control. The treatment area is divided into water inrush risk area, fault influence area and deep weak area. Depend on “border locking + regional prevention and control”, different borehole layout schemes are proposed for different areas. Gradient pressurization grouting technology is used to reconstruct and reinforce the L3 limestone aquifer and faults. The drilled holes all meet the design requirements. After the treatment, the effect was verified by index evaluation, cross inspection and drilling. There is no floor water inrush after the treatment. The results show that the water source and channel integrated treatment technology based on ground regional prevention and control has advantages in blocking the floor water inrush.

Non-heritage handicrafts are outstanding achievements and wisdom crystallization jointly created by people of all ethnic groups in long-term life practice, and they are an important expression of the cultural values of the Chinese nation. From the perspective of tourism resources, this paper proposes the coupling path between non-heritage handicraft resources and rural tourism and constructs the planning mode of “non-heritage handicraft tourism”. The evaluation model of the potential of industrialized development of non-heritage handicrafts, which contains 12 factor-level indicators, is constructed by comprehensively applying big data analysis, kernel density analysis, and hierarchical analysis method. The empirical results show that, among the four non-heritage handicrafts, Nixing pottery has the greatest industrialization potential with a high degree of affiliation (0.3621) and a high potential for industrialization and development. The evaluation results have established a scientific and reasonable system for developing or protecting handicrafts for different potential non-heritage craft projects. This can guide the current practice of revitalizing non-heritage crafts in full swing.

Introduction: Plaque rupture in atherosclerosis contributes to various acute cardiovascular events. As a new sulfide-containing donor, S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC) has been reported to play a beneficial role in cardioprotection, potentially through its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-atherogenic activities. Our previous study observed an increase in eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells. However, it remains unclear whether SPRC influences vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the plaque and if this effect contributes to plaque stabilization.Methods: An atherosclerotic unstable plaque mouse model was established by subjecting ApoE−/− mice to tandem stenosis of the right carotid artery along with a Western diet. Daily SPRC administration was conducted for 13 weeks. Plaque morphology and stability were assessed using MRI scanning and histopathological staining. In our in vitro studies, we stimulated human artery vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), both with and without 100 μM SPRC treatment. Cell phenotype was assessed using both Western blot and Real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was assessed using the BrdU cell proliferation kit and immunofluorescence of Ki-67, while cell migration was measured using scratch wound healing and transwell assay. MiR-143-3p overexpression and knockdown experiments were used to investigate whether it mediates the effect of SPRC on VSMC phenotype.Results and Discussion: SPRC treatment reduced plasma lipid levels, increased collagen content and decreased cell apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques, indicating improved plaque stability. Both in vivo and in vitro studies elucidated the role of SPRC in preserving the contractile phenotype of VSMCs through up-regulation of miR-143-3p expression. Furthermore, SPRC suppressed the pro-proliferation and pro-migration effects of PDGF-BB on HAVSMCs. Overall, these findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of SPRC on phenotype switch from contractile to synthetic VSMCs may contribute to its beneficial role in enhancing plaque stability.

AbstractBackground Previous studies have shown that perioperative dexmedetomidine could reduce the incidence of postoperative AKI in cardiovascular surgery, however, its effectiveness in the non-cardiovascular surgery patient population has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on the incidence of postoperative AKI and postoperative ICU admissions in patients undergoing non-cardiovascular surgery.Design and setting A single-center retrospective cohort study obtained from the database of the Center for Anesthesia and Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital.Patients Inpatients between 18 and 75 years of age who were admitted to our hospital for non-cardiovascular surgery from 2012 to 2019.Results Overall 2391 patients who used dexmedetomidine intraoperatively were analyzed in comparison to 4552 patients who did not use dexmedetomidine after one-to-two matching. The two cohorts had similar baseline values and demographic characteristics. The incidence of AKI was lower in patients with intraoperative dexmedetomidine use than in the nonuse group (OR 0.60, p .05).Conclusion For non-cardiovascular surgery patient population, intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine was associated with a lower incidence and less severity of postoperative AKI. However, there was no significant correlation with postoperative ICU occupancy or in-hospital mortality. Further prospective RCTs are needed in the future.

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of Porphyra haitanensis polyphenols to develop natural hypoglycemic foods. Methods: The Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process of P. haitanensis polyphenols. The α-glucosidase inhibition activity was applied to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of P. haitanensis polyphenols at different harvest periods, and the antioxidant activities of them were evaluated based on DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging rate and ORAC value. Results: The optimal extraction process conditions were liquid-solid ratio (Vethanol∶mP. haitanensis) 51∶1, ethanol concentration 56% and ultrasonication time 51 min. Under the control of these conditions, the extracted content of polyphenols was 5.027 mg/g. The inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by P. haitanensis polyphenols was in a concentration-dependent manner, and the inhibition by the fourth-harvest-period polyphenols was significantly higher than other harvest periods polyphenols. P. haitanensis polyphenols at different harvest periods showed antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant activity of the fourth-harvest-period polyphenols was strongest. Conclusion: The high polyphenol contents, strong inhibition of α-glucosidase activity and strong antioxidant capacity of the fourth-harvest-period makes it an excellent food source for developing natural hypoglycemic foods and antioxidants.

In order to adapt to the current rapid development of aerospace，automotive，and high-end equipment manufacturing industries，using graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with unique properties as the second phase additive，Ni-based nanocomposite coatings were prepared by supercritical pulse electrodeposition technology.The effect of pulse frequency on the microstructure，corrosion resistance，microhardness，wear resistance and other properties of composite coatings under supercritical conditions was investigated.Results showed that when the pulse frequency was 2 000 Hz under supercritical conditions，the microstructure of the prepared coating was densified and uniform，with better sphericity.XRD results showed that supercritical conditions could change the preferred orientation of crystallization and the appropriate pulse frequency could refine the coating grains and reduce the grain size.At a pulse frequency of 2 000 Hz under supercritical conditions，the properties of the prepared coating were more excellent.Electrochemical experiments showed that it had the largest capacitive arc radius，the highest self-corrosion potential，the lowest corrosion current density，and the largest capacitive modulus，so the coating had the most excellent corrosion resistance.The coating prepared at 2 000 Hz pulse frequency had the highest microhardness，reaching 835.4 HV2 N，and had the best wear resistance with a wear scar cross-sectional area of the coating of 1 582 μm2.The microhardness and wear scar cross-sectional area were 126%，107%，121%and 134%，and 47.6%，57.1%，71.5%and 44.3%of the coatings prepared with pulse frequencies of 100，1 000，3 000 Hz and under room temperature and pressure，respectively.Under supercritical conditions，the graphene quantum dot composite coating prepared at a pulse frequency of 2 000 Hz had excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance.

Based on the implementing grain security projects and instituting other relevant grain security policies, China has promoted the process of digitalization and intelligence of grain storage and built the world's largest grain Internet of Things, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. But, the resulting large amount of grain data, mainly based on temperature, can not effectively support decision-making and management on grain storage. Based on the study of the multi-field coupling theory of grain pile ecosystem, our research team further extracted the continuity principle, periodicity principle, and coordination principle of digital supervision of grain reserves, and proposed a series of intelligent strategies such as AID, ABC, 6R, SIN, CAE, O, and U. However, the application of these strategies directly faces the original data, which has some problems such as low efficiency and large error. To apply the intelligent strategies efficiently and correctly, the basic data manual of intelligent analysis of grain condition has been developed, according to the original grain condition data of typical granaries and main grain varieties in different grain storage ecological regions in China. The development of this manual is expected to consolidate the foundation of intelligent analysis of grain situation, which could promote the digital monitoring of grain storage quantity and quality, and realize the transformation from "manual defense" to “technical defense”.

The perioperative nursing experience of an emergency case of incarcerated complete rectal prolapse was summarized. The key points of nursing include protecting the wound and improving preoperative preparation actively; Rapid establishment of intraoperative venous access; Postoperative recurrence avoidance, diet nursing, disease observation, fluid management, etc. (总结1例急诊完全性直肠脱垂嵌顿患者的围手术期护理经验。护理要点包括保护创面、积极完善术前准备; 术中快速建立静脉通路; 术后避免复发、饮食护理、病情观察、液体管理等。)

For evaluating the economy and feasibility about blast fragmentation warhead striking aircraft in aircraft shelter, taking a typical aircraft and single/double aircraft shelter as study objects, based on the thought of simple/quadratic surface fitting, the 3D surface models of aircraft and shelter are built. According to the velocity and position model of fragment, combined with the transformation relationship of coordinate system, the missile-target encounter algorithm is given. The ruin tree model of aircraft is constructed to calculate the ruin probability algorithm of aircraft. For reducing the computation of missile-target encounter, a mean ruin probability algorithm of aircraft based on integration method is proposed, which slices target area to grids and takes grids as alternative aim point. Taking maximum to entire ruin effect of all aircrafts as target, the optimizing algorithm to strike scheme about minimum missile consumption and find best aim point based on advanced PSO algorithm are proposed. The striking scheme optimizing about fragmentation warhead striking aircraft in single/double aircraft shelter is simulated. The result shows that, low blast height, small CEP, combination strike strategy with multiply aim points can reduce the minimum missile consumption effectively.

ASME 2021 code provides constitutive equation for high temperature creep of 316H stainless steel. The paper aims to help engineers and researchers correctly evaluate the strain and creep damage of high-temperature equipment by using the equation. Firstly, the physical mechanism of the items was explained. Secondly, the relationship between crucial parameters with temperature and stress was analyzed. Thirdly, the applicable stress and time range of the 316H creep constitutive equation was briefly introduced. And fourthly, the prediction values of the constitutive equation was compared with the data value from the isochronous stress-strain curve in ASME code. Results show that the constitutive equation is described by three items, in which the first creep stage is described by the rapid initial transient and transient items, and the second creep stage is described by the steady-state creep item. The equation’s applicability of evaluating the strain and creep damage of high-temperature equipment is limited by the starting time of the third creep stage. Moreover the key parameters of the equations, such as εs, εr, decay too rapidly to be accurately predicted at high stress. This research finds that due to item n increases with increasing temperature, the minimum creep rate m and transient creep rate constant r decrease in 1 000-1 075 ℉. Meanwhile, based on contrasting the rapid transient creep rate constants s of the original paper and ASME code, item D of parameter s is incorrect in the latter. Based on comparing predicted strain obtained by equation and data from ASME code isochronous stress-strain curves, the paper finds that predicted values at 950, 1 050 and 1 150 ℉ will agree with isochronous stress-strain curves, but larger than the datum from curve at 1 000 ℉, resulting in a relatively conservative strain prediction. Based on above four research and results, the paper concludes that the high temperature creep constitutive equation of 316H stainless steel in the ASME code can be used to evaluate high-temperature equipment structural integrity at 950, 1 050 and 1 150 ℉, but the result of 1 000 ℉ is conservatism.

Primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM) is extremely rare, with a poor prognosis. Surgery is the main treatment option followed by adjuvant treatments such as radiotherapy, but which adjuvant treatment to be optimal is still controversial. In this case, a 63-year-old male PGMM patient was first misdiagnosed as a “myoepithelial tumor” and then treated with surgery, postoperative immunotherapy (sintilimab), chemotherapy, and radiotherapy successfully. The progression free survival was more than 19 months without signs of metastasis or recurrence to date. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of postoperative immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for PGMM. Our case indicated that combination therapy including surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy (sintilimab) combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be a potential treatment option for PGMM, which needs further research.

A new class gear and bearing steel with ultrahigh strength and high heat-resistant has excellent strength and toughness. The steel was austenitized at different temperatures, combined with a variety of mechanical property tests and micro-analysis techniques to study the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel. The results show that M6C carbides are undissolved, then the impact energy and fracture toughness decrease respectively when the steel is austenitized at 1060 ℃; the M6C carbides are dissolved, then the impact energy and fracture toughness increase respectively when the steel is austenitized at 1080-1100 ℃. There is little change in tensile strength and plasticity, and the specified plastic elongation strength decreases slightly with the increase of austenitizing temperature, when the steel is austenitized at 1060-1100 ℃. The initiation and propagation of crack is accelerated by M6C carbides, resulting in decrease in toughness. The steel has an excellent combination of strength and toughness when the steel is austenitized at 1080-1100 ℃, and the tensile strength is not less than 2000 MPa, the proof strength of specified plastic extension is not less than 1800 MPa, and the fracture toughness is not less than 100 MPa·m1/2.

With the explosive growth of global network traffic and the consequent increase in bandwidth and energy consumption required for data transmission, traditional electronic interconnection architectures are no longer able to meet the requirement of the growing bandwidth and energy conservation. Silicon-based photonics featured as high bandwidth, low energy consumption, and more importantly, compatibility with Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies enables the large-scale Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) and Electronic Integrated Circuits (EIC) to be integrated in a single substrate, hence it is regarded as one of the most promising solutions to address these challenges. However, with the increasing frequency of signals and the increasing number of integrated photonics and electronic devices, parasitic effects are becoming more prominent, leading to a significant degradation in the integration density, bandwidth density, and energy efficiency of the chip. 2.5D/3D integration technologies can effectively reduce the electrical interconnect length and chip size, thus reducing parasitic effects and power consumption, as well as increasing integration density. This paper presents different schemes of silicon based optoelectronic integration and its recent advances, and looks forward to the application prospects of 2.5D/3D integration technologies in data communication, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), biochemical sensing, and optical computing, et al.

In order to solve the problem of all-optical communication network capacity and spectral efficiency, a two-cavity six-channel Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM) based on the coupling characteristics of point-defect cavity and line-defect waveguide of Two-Dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal is proposed in this paper. 2-D finite-difference time-domain method is used to analyze the performance parameters. Considering the influence of relative refractive index, the coupling mode of double resonators and single straight waveguide is selected to achieve the wavelength division multiplexing of 1 451, 1 487, 1 557, 1 658, 1 440 and 1 604 nm. The results show that the multiplexer has a spectral coverage of up to 218 nm, transmission efficiency of each channel higher than 91%, the insertion loss less than 0.43 dB, the cross-talk between channels less than -9.2 dB, and the size of only 13.56 μm×19.21 μm. It is very useful for coarse wavelength division multiplexing in optical communication systems, which also has reference significance for dense wavelength division multiplexing.

Objective: This study aimed to improve the safety supervision of cadmium in milk samples. Methods: A liquid-liquid microextraction method based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent （DES） was developed for the determination of cadmium in milk samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The types of deep eutectic solvents were selected for high extraction efficiencies and it was found that DES composed of thymol and lactic acid at the molar ratio of 1∶1 provided higher extraction efficiency. In addition, several important experimental conditions including the volume of DES, sample pH value, the pretreatment methods of samples were optimized. Results: Under the optimized conditions, Cd had good linearity in the range of 0~3.0 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient was 0.998. The detection limit was 0.02 μg/kg. The recoveries ranged from 94.7% to 113.0% with relative standard deviations （RSD） of 0.38%~7.00%. Conclusion: With the advantages of simplicity, rapidness, exactness and low detection limit, this method could be used for the detection of cadmium in milk samples.

Objective: This study aimed to reduce inflammation effect caused by long-term and large amount of betel nut chewing. Methods: Natural plant extracts with anti-inflammatory effects were added to betel nut in order to reduce the inflammatory damage. Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch, radix platycodi and loquat leaf were used to treat rats with areca nut for 28 days. Body weight, organ coefficient, swelling rate of plantar in 6 hours, levels of inflammatory factors, and mediators were compared. Results: The addition of high-dose natural plant extract significantly reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) compared to betel nut used group. Less pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and more release of interleukin-10 (IL-10) were observed. It also reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver. The swelling rate of rats' feet (P＜0.05) was significantly lower than the control group, and similar to the positive control group. Conclusion: The addition of natural plant extracts with anti-inflammatory effect can reduce the acute inflammation in rats, and provide a new development idea for the further processing of areca catechu.

In order to research the influence of the web deflection on the bend-twist coupling characteristics of large wind turbine blades, the CAD model of NREL 5 MW blade is established based on NX secondary development, the aerodynamic loads of the blade are obtained by CFD method, the blade bendind angle and twisting angle are solved by the node displacement method to analyze the influence of web deflection for bend-twist coupling blade. The results show that the offset web helps to achieve the bend-twist coupling of blades. Under the action of aerodynamic load, the bending and twisting angle both increase along spanwise direction of blade gradually, and reach the magnitude at the tip of the blade; in forward bias, negative correlation between twist angle and offset, reverse bias is the opposite; positive bias blades bend-twist coupling coefficient is decreasing trend with the increase of deflection angle, reverse bias blade are greater than the conventional blade.

Although the incidence of multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) is increasing, synchronous triple primary malignant tumours with prostate, bladder and lung is rarely reported. Gene mutation is thought to be a reason for MPMs, and severe cardiovascular diseases may interrupt the cancer treatment. Here we reported a 64-year-old male patient with synchronous triple primary malignant tumours of the bladder urothelial carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations in TP53 and MEK1, all the three malignancies were diagnosed within 10 days. Although being interrupted by severe cardiovascular diseases (including myocardial infarction, venous thrombosis, and aneurism of the aortic root), he was successfully treated with radical cystoprostatectomy, chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab (a PD-1 antibody), and radiotherapy of the lung lesion, followed by maintenance monotherapy of pembrolizumab, overall survival was more than 26 months. In conclusion, a patient of synchronous triple primary malignant tumours with prostate, bladder, and lung harbouring TP53 and MEK1 mutations accompanied with severe cardiovascular diseases was treated successfully, which may suggest that comprehensive treatment, especially radical treatment such as operation and radiation, is very important for MPMs.

Objective To explore the application of membranous concept in vestibular schwannoma surgery. Methods A total of 39 patients with vestibular schwannoma who received membranous surgical treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled. Through the retrosigmoid approach, the intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring was performed, and the membranous concept was used to separate the brain stem of the tumor and the interface between the tumor and the facial nerve and the cochlear nerve. Facial nerve function was evaluated by the House⁃Brackmann (H⁃B) grade and hearing was evaluated by the American Academy of Otolaryngology⁃Head and Neck Surgery（AAO⁃HNS）scale at one day, one week and one year after surgery. Results Total resection was performed in 31 cases (79.49%) and nearly total resection in 8 cases (20.51%). Facial nerve anatomical preservation was achieved in all patients, and facial nerve function returned to normal or nearly normal (H⁃B grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) 84.62% (33/39), moderate facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅲ) 10.27% (4/39), moderate and severe facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅳ) 5.13% (2/39) on the first day after surgery. One week after surgery, 71.79% (28/39) of patients with normal or nearly normal facial nerve function, 15.38% (6/39) of moderate facial paralysis, 10.27% (4/39) of moderate and severe facial paralysis, and 2.56% (1/39) of severe facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅴ). One year after surgery, 92.31% (36/39) of patients with facial nerve function returned to normal or nearly normal, 5.13% (2/39) of patients with moderate facial paralysis, and 2.56% (1/39) of patients with moderate and severe facial paralysis. Among the 10 patients (25.64%) who retained effective hearing before surgery (AAO⁃HNS grade≥C), there were 4, 3 and 6 cases at one day, one week and one year after surgery, respectively. Those who did not retain effective hearing before surgery did not recover effective hearing after surgery. According to the comparison of tumor volume and nature, the proportion of patients with normal facial nerve function (H⁃B grade Ⅰ) in the tumor volume≤3 cm group was higher than that in＞3 cm group [12/18 vs. 19.05% (4/21); Fisher's exact probability: P=0.006], the proportion of patients with normal facial nerve function in the solid tumor group was higher than that in cystic group [71.43% (15/21) vs. 1/10; Fisher's exact probability: P=0.010] at one year after surgery. Conclusions The membranous concept in vestibular schwannoma surgery can protect facial nerve function well, and has a positive effect on the protection of cochlear nerve and brain stem.

The concentrated blueberry candied syrup and the whole milk sterilized pure milk were used as raw material to prepare set yoghurt. The influence of addition amount for blueberry candied syrup, sugar content, starter inoculation quantity and fermentation time on the yogurt sensory quality, whey exhalation rate and acidity were investigated. Furthermore, the response surface experiment was carried out on the basis of single factor experiment to optimize the set yoghurt preparation technological parameters. Then the texture parameters of yoghurt were compared with those of commercial yoghurt. The results showed that the optimal preparation technology of blueberry set yoghurt was as follows: The addition amount of concentrate blueberry candied syrup (concentration ratio 2 with the total sugar content 0.679 mg/mL) in the yoghurt 7%, custer sugar 4%, starter inoculation amount 0.6%, whey protein powder 2%, and fermentation control time 11 h. Under these conditions, the whey release rate was 12.43%, the acidity was 83.66°T and the sensory score reached the highest score 88.13. The blueberry set yoghurt was purple with strong frankincense and blueberry flavor. The hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of this product were lower than those of commercially available fermented milk, but the water holding capacity was stronger. It was more delicate and refreshing, which tasted better than the commercially available products with thickening agent addition. In this study, the basic preparation conditions of set yoghurt of blueberry preserved fruit syrup were determined, which provided useful reference for improving the comprehensive utilization value of blueberry preserved fruit syrup and developing new fruity set yoghurt.

To study the antioxidant and immune protection activity of velvet antler (VA) in cyclophosphamide-induced immunocompromised mice, BALB/c mice were intragastrically administered 100, 300, or 500 mg/(kg·d) VA for 30 days, and were intraabdominally injected with cyclophosphamide to create a hypoimmune murine model. Cellular immunity, macrophage phagocytic activity, natural killer (NK) cell activity, white blood cell count, splenic lymphocyte subsets and the mRNA expression levels of serum cytokines were analysed. We found that the IC50 for removing 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), OH, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals of VA were 0.476, 4.33, and 37.92 mg/mL, respectively. VA could enhance innate and adaptive immunity of mice by improving cellular immunity, macrophage phagocytic ability, and NK cell activity; promoting the production of IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and other cytokines; increasing the content and ratio of lymphocyte subsets. These results indicate that VA has good antioxidant activity and can improve the immune function of cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficient mice.

Foamy viruses belong to the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily member of the Retroviridae family and produce nonpathogenic infection to hosts in the natural conditions. However, infections of foamy viruses can dramatically cause severe cytopathic effects in vitro. To date, the exact molecular mechanism has remained unclear which implied the tremendous importance of virus-host cell immune reactions. In this study, we found that the transactivator Tas in two foamy viruses isolated from Old World Monkey (OWM) induced obvious inhibition of cell proliferation via the upregulation of Foxo3a expression. It was mediated by the generation of ROS and the initiation of ER stress, and ultimately, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was triggered. Notably, PFV Tas contributed to the accumulation of G0/G1 phase cycle arrest induced by the activation of the p53 signaling pathway and the nuclear transportation of HDAC4 via upregulating PPM1E expression. Together, these results demonstrated the different survival strategies by which foamy virus can hijack host cell cytokines and regulate virus-host cell interactions.

Objective： A tomato weight detection method based on image processing was established to realize non-contact tomato weight detection. Methods： The binary image of tomato was obtained through image processing. The geometric features of tomato were extracted by pixel statistics and minimum circumscribed rectangle method, and correlation analysis was made between the characteristics and the real value of tomato weight, then the regression model of tomato weight detection with geometric features as parameters was established. Results： Compared with the real size of tomato, the measurement error of transverse and longitudinal diameter of Tomato by minimum external rectangle method was less than 3%. In addition to fruit shape index, other geometric characteristics were linearly correlated with tomato fruit weight, and the correlation between positive characteristics and fruit weight was more significant. Three types of 20 models were established for prediction and evaluation. The multiple regression model with the parameters of tomato front projection area and perimeter, projection area of a side image and tomato transverse diameter had the highest accuracy, the regression coefficient was 0.962, the average relative error of detection value was 0.673%, and the average absolute error was 1.425 g. Conclusion： The model is suitable for the weight detection of tomatoes and other fruits or articles with similar axisymmetric shape characteristics.

Objective: In order to clarify the heat release behavior of neophytadiene under different conditions. Methods: Use Soxhlet extraction method, chromatography column method to extract and purify neophytadiene in tobacco powder, combined with IR, 1H NMR and MS spectrum technology, the structure was confirmed, and Py-GC/MS was used to analyze and study the pyrolysis products of neophytadiene under different conditions. Results: The performance of neophytadiene at different temperatures under anaerobic and aerobic conditions had good cracking thermal stability, and it can still maintain its original state at high temperature. The types of new phytadiene cracking products increased with the increasing of temperature. Under anaerobic conditions, the anaerobic cracking products of cracking products mainly include alkanes and alkenes. In addition to alkanes and alkenes, the main products of cracking under aerobic conditions also produce a large amount of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, benzene series, and other compounds. Under aerobic conditions, the neo phytadienes were cracked Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, furans and other compounds containing oxygen atoms, these components have a positive effect on improving the smoking quality of cigarettes. The formation of cracked products mainly comes from primary and secondary reactions The primary reaction of neophytadiene is mainly the scission of α and β bonds of conjugated double bonds, and the secondary reaction is relatively complicated. Conclusion: Neophytadiene has a positive effect on improving the smoking quality of cigarettes.

【Objective】 Groundwater is the predominant water resource for agricultural and other sectors in the loess tableland in northwestern China. Understanding its response to management and environmental changes is important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying groundwater recharges and help improve groundwater resource management. The purpose of this paper is to present a method to analyze the determinants of groundwater change in the loess tableland. 【Method】 The analysis is based on data measured from 1976 to 2017 from five boreholes in the Changwu loess tableland. Change in groundwater depth and its determinants are identified using the cross-correlation and multiple linear regression methods. 【Result】 The groundwater depth in Changwu varied between 25 and 95 m, with the variation depending on boreholes due to the difference in hydrogeological conditions and human activity between them. On average, the groundwater table had fallen from 1976 to 2017 at 0.08-0.21 m/a, with the falling rate depending on boreholes. Meteorology, vegetation and anthropogenic activities are the factors affecting both monthly and inter-annually change in groundwater depth, though the relative dominance of these factors varies with boreholes. Interannually, anthropogenic activities affected groundwater more, contributing to 74% of its depth change. Monthly, vegetation was the factor predominantly affecting groundwater, contributing to 40% of its depth change. 【Conclusion】 Increase in population, economic development and expansion of apple orchards is the factors underlying the groundwater depth change in the studied area. Our results have an important implication for sustainable development of agriculture and other industries sectors in this region.

According to the United Nations trade policy review documents, notifications, comments, special trade concerns and official authoritative research reports, the Bangladesh agricultural food product quality and safety regulatory bodies, laws and regulations, standard system, and other aspects were reviewed. It was suggested that Chinese export enterprises take advantage of local agricultural food products to actively explore the import and export trade market between China and Bangladesh. Moreover, Chinese regulators should be followed Bangladesh agricultural food products regulatory system changes, to further strengthen the assistance of agricultural and food product safety system in Bangladesh. Functional advantages can better promote bilateral trade between the two countries.

In the commonly used first-principles methods,density functional theory(DFT) has the characteristics of low scale and high accuracy,so it has been more and more widely used in the fields of chemistry,biology,medicine and so on.However,in practical applications,its relatively high computational cost has posed new challenges to the decision-making on calculation parameters for users and the assignment of tasks for the computing centers.We have recently developed a time prediction system for DFT calculations based on machine learning technique,which can predict the actual computational cost before calculations.The mean relative errors are normally less than 0.15,so that it meets the prediction accuracy requirements in actual scenarios.In this work,we further promote and improve the prediction system,providing multi-GPU parallel computing functions and modular additions to the machine learning models;combined it with the biomed community to realize real-time display of the computing tasks submitted to the platform,which will be convenient for users to coordinate;an intelligent load balancing module is developed,which can improve the efficiency of first-principles calculations for the super-large molecules and cluster systems.These efforts improve the practicalities of the forecasting system,and the preliminary applications are reported in both the community platform and parallel computing.

In order to improve the hardness and corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy, a double - layer Ni - P coating was prepared on its surface by electroless plating without hydrofluoric acid, and the optimal double - layer process was determined by characterizing the microstructure, composition, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the coating through the utilization of metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray diffractometer (XRD), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), microhardness tester and electrochemical workstation. Results showed that the coating obtained by first alkaline and then acid double - layer electroless plating process adhered well to the substrate, and possessed a thickness of 26.28 μm, a uniform and dense surface, and a linear roughness Ra of 0.623 μm. The obtained coating hardness by this process was 550.54 HV, which was 7.9 times higher than that of the substrate. Moreover, the inner layer with a P content of 3.209% had a crystal structure and crack holes, and the outer layer with a P content of 9.713% had few amorphous structure defects, which could cover the inner defects to improve corrosion resistance. Besides, compared with the substrate, the corrosion potential of the coating prepared using this process shifted positively by 719 mV and the self - corrosion current density was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude.

Objective To investigate the correlation between drinking habits and pathological characteristics of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods A preoperative questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the drinking habits of UTUC patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital for radical nephroureterectomy within one year from August 2020 to July 2021, and statistical analysis was performed in combination with their postoperative pathological characteristics. The statistical procedure was performed using SPSS 22.0 software, and firstly, the preliminary analysis was performed one by one using the columnar χ2 test on the pathological characteristics of UTUC tumors as the dependent variable and the factors related to patients' general information, past history and drinking habits as the independent variables, and the independent variables that met P < 0.2 between the case and control groups for each dependent variable were specified for screening. The screened variables were included in the binary Logistic regression analysis. A difference of P < 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results A total of 239 patients, 134 males and 105 females, with a mean age of (68.1±9.98)years and a median disease duration of 4.8 months, were included in this study. Multifactorial Logistic regression results suggested that after adjusting for the effects of other variables, UTUC patients who had the habit of drinking at least once every hour during the daytime had a significantly increased risk of high grade (G3) tumors(OR=1.941, 95%CI: 0.352-1.029, P < 0.01); these patients also had a significantly decreased risk of multifocal UTUC tumors (OR=0.344, 95% CI: 1.18-5.582, P=0.004). The patients who had the habit of drinking over 100 mL water each time had a significantly decreased risk of mutifocal UTUC incidence (OR=0.477, 95%CI: 0.225-1.012, P=0.046). Patients who pay attention to daily water intakes had a significantly increased risk of renipelvic carcinoma (OR=2.530, 95%CI: 1.434-4.463, P=0.001) and a significantly decreased risk of ureteral carcinoma (OR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.172-0.573, P < 0.01). Other variables included in the regression model did not differ significantly in their effects on the occurrence of tumor pathological characteristics. Conclusion Having the awareness of drinking water every 1 h during the day, drinking over 100 mL water each time, having the awareness of daily drinking habits correlated significantly with pathological characteristics of UTUC such as the presence of G3 tumor, multifocal tumors and location of the tumor. This conclusion still needs to be verified by subsequent trials with higher levels of evidence.

Since the first documented modern wearable exoskeleton appeared, the development of wearable exoskeleton could be summarized as three stages: germination, exploration, and innovation. This paper has 5 sections. Section 1 briefly introduces the research background of the modern wearable exoskeleton. Section 2 reviews the classical design cases since the emerging of the concepts of wearable exoskeleton. Section 3 provides a detailed integration of the theory developments on the design methodology of the wearable exoskeleton. Section 4 illustrates a framework of the aesthetic design of wearable exoskeleton by combining Total Design methodology (as a design framework core), QFD, TRIZ and Product Semantics. Section 5 gives a conclusion on the discussion of the design framework as well as the future work.

An appropriate package design could illustrate the use of product and its origin, as well as the respect to the customers. This paper explores investigation research and the design method of cultural symbols of agricultural products in Guandu Village, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province using the theory of ‘locality’. To develop the agricultural products and the package design, authors investigated in Guandu Village locally and analysed the current situation of longan fruit by conducting in-depth interviews and exploring the local environment. The design method in this paper based on the theory of ‘locality’, authors deeply investigated the local people and culture. Then selected and translated the local symbols and patterns into design elements. The illustration of longan product and its package design – Guanduyuan, the brand name is shown at the end. Authors also proposed the innovated solutions to the sales of Guanduyuan brand.1

The integration of heat pump technology into sludge drying combines heat pumps with traditional convective drying techniques. The process of moisture and apparent morphology changes during sludge convective drying is succinctly summarized from literatures. The analysis also covers the effects of drying conditions, including temperature and airflow velocity, on the energy consumption of heat pump drying. Leveraging the precise and independent control capabilities of heat pump dryers, various heat pump intermittent drying methods are compared. By adjusting drying conditions at different stages of sludge drying, a balance can be achieved between rapid external moisture diffusion and reduced energy consumption of the heat pump system.

The high power, high efficiency, low failure rate, and intelligence of coal mining equipment are important directions for the development of coal mining machines both domestically and internationally. The implementation of efficient and low failure coal mine equipment is an important prerequisite for ensuring the smooth deployment of intelligent mines. At present, coal mining equipment generally consists of three parts: mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic. However, hydraulic pressure is a necessary system for coal mining equipment to complete high-power and intelligent operations. This article will combine the author's years of work experience to summarize the current local faults and diagnostic methods of hydraulic systems in coal mine equipment.

The energy consumption characteristics and energy system structure of each type of building are different, so the evaluation methods and indicators need to be customized for different types of buildings, which increases the complexity of the evaluation. Therefore, a method for evaluating the energy efficiency and energy conservation of public building energy systems under the dual carbon background is proposed. Analyze the coupling coefficient data of energy quality, energy and flow, obtain the base of energy efficiency optimization coefficients, and use twin technology to establish a comprehensive energy efficiency model. Introduce matter element analysis and use matter element extension models to evaluate the energy efficiency and energy-saving effects of public building energy systems. The experimental test results show that the research method can accurately evaluate the energy consumption of public buildings and has an effective evaluation effect on different types of buildings.