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Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Rubber gloves contain rubber accelerators that may cause contact allergy. The content of sensitising rubber accelerators in contemporary rubber gloves is not well known.Identify and quantify the content of rubber accelerators in disposable rubber gloves.Fifty‐one gloves of 49 different brands were collected. Forty‐eight of the gloves were disposable and three re‐usable. The gloves were analysed for their content of sensitising rubber accelerators, that is, zinc dithiocarbamates, thiurams, thiazoles/benzothiazoles, diphenylguanidine, and thioureas by high‐performance liquid chromatography.Rubber accelerators were identified in 43/48 (90%) of the disposable gloves. In total, 39 gloves contained zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) (0.18–1.96 mg/g), 34 zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) (0.032–2.78 mg/g), three zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (0.65–1.4 mg/g), one zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (0.23 mg/g), and one 1,3‐diphenylguanidine (0.21 mg/g). 2‐cyanoethyl dimethyldithiocarbamate (CEDMC) was identified in three gloves (<0.052 mg/g). The one glove labelled as accelerator free contained ZDBC (1.07 mg/g). Only few glove packages had the specific content of rubber accelerators labelled.The most frequent rubber accelerators in rubber gloves are ZDEC and ZDBC. Accelerator‐free gloves may contain rubber accelerators. Full labelling of rubber gloves is needed and producers should be sure not to falsely claim that the rubber gloves are free of rubber accelerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Rubber accelerators are used in the vulcanization of rubber. However, rubber accelerators for example tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) may cause contact allergy. Concomitant reactions between ZDEC and TETD have been observed in patients which could be explained by co‐ or cross‐reactivity.To investigate cross‐reactivity between TETD and ZDEC and vice versa.Groups of mice were sensitized with TETD or ZDEC based on reported EC3‐values. Proliferation of lymphocytes were measured on day 5. To test cross‐reactivity, mice were sensitized and challenged 3 weeks later with TETD or ZDEC. The inflammatory response was measured by changes in ear thickness and the proliferative response in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the submandibular and cervical draining lymph nodes.Sensitization of mice with doses of ZDEC 3%, TETD 5.6% or TETD 16.2% induced significant increased ear thickness and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Challenge with ZDEC or TETD in these groups induced significant increased ear thickness. Challenge with ZDEC in mice sensitized to TETD 5.6% or TETD 16.2% induced significant increased proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.We show cross‐reactivity between TETD and ZDEC. Patients sensitized to TETD or ZDEC should avoid exposure to both ZDEC and TETD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold contact allergy is diagnosed by patch testing using gold chloride or gold sodium thiosulfate. These tests often show high positivity rates, but a direct correlation with dermatitis from everyday gold exposure is rare. The aim of this study was to investigate and estimate the current prevalence of gold contact allergy in dermatitis patients. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies reporting the prevalence of gold contact allergy in dermatitis patients and published between January 2010 and May 2024. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed, and pooled proportions were calculated using random effects models. Sixteen studies with 14 887 dermatitis patients were included. The pooled prevalence of gold contact allergy was 14.1% (95% confidence intervals: 9.5%–19.4%) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.3%). High positivity rates with limited clinical relevance highlight the need for cautious interpretation. Even within the same country, studies find different prevalence rates. Standardized testing protocols and further research are needed to better understand and manage this allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rubber accelerators are used in the production of rubber gloves and may cause contact allergy. Objectives: To estimate long‐term trend and prevalence of contact allergy to rubber accelerators for a 30‐year period in Denmark, high‐risk occupations, and exposures. Methods: Data from all patients with contact dermatitis consecutively patch tested at the department of Skin and Allergy Gentofte hospital with the rubber accelerators from the European baseline series (EBS) from 1990 to 2019, were analysed. Further, patients under suspicion of rubber accelerator contact allergy were additionally patch‐tested with rubber accelerators from the specialised rubber series from 2005 to 2019 and these were additional extracted. Results: The overall prevalence of contact allergy to one or more of the rubber accelerators from the EBS series was 2.7% with a significant decline in the first 12‐years, followed by a stable frequency in the past 18‐years. Associations with occupational contact dermatitis, hand dermatitis, and leg/foot dermatitis were found. Wet‐work occupations were most often affected and gloves the most frequent exposure. Conclusions: Contact allergy to one or more of the rubber accelerators from the EBS is frequent and has been unchanged for several decades, which calls for prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of two scientific articles related to contact allergies. The first article focuses on the prevalence of contact allergy to N-isopropyl-N0-phenyl paraphenylenediamine (IPPD) in eczema patients in Denmark. The study found a low prevalence of IPPD contact allergy, with no significant associations between the allergy and various variables. The second article discusses the prevalence of occupational contact allergies in Europe based on patch test data collected from 2011 to 2020. The study provides insights into the types and frequency of allergens causing contact allergies. Both articles provide valuable information for researchers studying contact allergies. [Extracted from the article]

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with severe consequences on quality of life. One aspect of this is that HS has been linked to an increased risk of infertility, but as data is still limited, it is not known if the association reflects causality. We performed a cross-sectional study of 161 female participants included at Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. Data regarding basic demographics, infertility, pregnancies, sexual function, and known factors with impact on fertility was collected. Logistic regressions were performed to analyze the association between HS and infertility, adjusting for factors that influence fertility. The study population consisted of 55 patients with HS, 55 patients with other dermatological diseases (ODD), and 51 healthy controls (HC). The HS group had a higher BMI, lower sexual function, and a higher tobacco use. We found no significant difference between the three groups in terms of whether they had children, the number of children they had, infertility, or whether they had received fertility treatments. The logistic analyses found no correlation between HS and infertility, and adjusting for factors affecting infertility did not alter this result. This study did not find a significant difference in infertility between patients with HS compared to those with ODD or HC. This result was not affected by adjustments for other factors known to influence fertility. Interestingly, the lower sexual function in the HS group did not appear to influence their desire or ability to conceive., (© 2024. The Author(s).)