Search

Your search keyword '"Ku T"' showing total 499 results
Start Over Author "Ku T" Publication Year Range Last 50 years
499 results on '"Ku T"'

6. A Study on the Development of an XML-Based E-Book Authoring System

Author

Fong, Joseph, Ku, T. Y., Cheung, Simon K. S., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Cheung, Simon K.S., editor, Kwok, Lam-for, editor, Yang, Harrison, editor, Fong, Joseph, editor, and Kwan, Reggie, editor

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. A study of drag reduction with textile roughness on a cyclist model

Author

Hsu, X. Y., primary, Miau, Jiun-Jih, additional, Ku, T. H., additional, Chen, J. J., additional, Yuan, W. C., additional, Lai, Y. H., additional, Chen, Y. R., additional, Chen, Y. J., additional, Tseng, C. H., additional, Chen, C. H., additional, Jan, S. S., additional, Ciou, Y. S., additional, Chen, Y., additional, and Chiu, C. W., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. A study of drag reduction with textile roughness on a cyclist model.

Author

Hsu, X. Y., Miau, Jiun-Jih, Ku, T. H., Chen, J. J., Yuan, W. C., Lai, Y. H., Chen, Y. R., Chen, Y. J., Tseng, C. H., Chen, C. H., Jan, S. S., Ciou, Y. S., Chen, Y., and Chiu, C. W.

Subjects
DRAG reduction, DRAG (Aerodynamics), DRAG coefficient, REYNOLDS number, FLOW visualization, WIND tunnels, FLOW separation
Abstract

Efforts were made to examine the effect of textile roughness for the reduction of aerodynamic drag experienced on a cyclist model. First of all, flow visualization experiments were conducted in a water channel with a 1/5 scale cyclist model to identify the flow separation lines on the contoured surface. Subsequently, based on the information learned, the idea of delaying flow separation on the model surface was implemented by means of sport suits. Seven sport suits featuring different textile materials and local roughness patterns were tested on a full-scale cyclist model in wind tunnel experiments, in addition to a reference case without a sport suit. From the CD data deduced, we identified a critical condition in most of the cases studied, featuring a least drag coefficient occurred at a Reynolds number within the flow speed range studied. For the best case found, the drag coefficient is amounted 7.5% less than that of the reference case at the same Reynolds number. Furthermore, the Cp and Cprms values reduced from the pressure measurements on the cyclist model with the sport suits unveil a trend that the reduction of drag actually infers the retreat of the local flow separation lines toward the rear side of the body accompanied with less severe the flow unsteadiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Treatment of Cytomegalovirus in Human Donor Lungs with a Novel Chemokine-Based Immunotoxin during Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Prevents Viral Reactivation

Author

VP Ribeiro, R., primary, Ku, T., additional, Ferreira, V. H, additional, Pires, L., additional, Michaelsen, V. S, additional, Wang, A., additional, Ali, A., additional, Moshkelgosha, S., additional, Galasso, M., additional, Gazzalle, A., additional, Sinclair, J., additional, Kledal, T., additional, Liu, M., additional, Keshavjee, S., additional, Singer, L. G, additional, Kumar, D., additional, Humar, A., additional, and Cypel, M., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Targeting Latent Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) with a Novel Fusion Toxin Protein during Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion

Author

VP Ribeiro, R., primary, Ku, T., additional, Ferreira, V.H., additional, Galasso, M., additional, Moshkelgosha, S., additional, Michaelsen, V., additional, Wang, A., additional, Ali, A., additional, Ramadan, K., additional, Gomes, B.M., additional, Pires, L., additional, Gokhale, H., additional, Gazzalle, A., additional, Sinclair, J., additional, Kledal, T., additional, Liu, M., additional, Keshavjee, S., additional, Humar, A., additional, and Cypel, M., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Radionuclides in Mono Lake, California

Author

Simpson, H. J., Trier, R. M., Toggweiler, J. R., Mathieu, G., Deck, B. L., Olsen, C. R., Hammond, D. E., Fuller, C., and Ku, T. L.

Published
1982

27. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years

Author

Afshin A, Forouzanfar M, Reitsma M, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Salama J, Vos T, Abate K, Abbafati C, Ahmed M, Al-Aly Z, Alkerwi A, Al-Raddadi R, Amare A, Amberbir A, Amegah A, Amini E, Amrock S, Anjana R, Arnlov J, Asayesh H, Banerjee A, Barac A, Baye E, Bennett D, Beyene A, Biadgilign S, Biryukov S, Bjertness E, Boneya D, Campos-Nonato I, Carrero J, Cecilio P, Cercy K, Ciobanu L, Cornaby L, Damtew S, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dharmaratne S, Duncan B, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Feigin V, Fernandes J, Furst T, Gebrehiwot T, Gold A, Gona P, Goto A, Habtewold T, Hadush K, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hay S, Horino M, Islami F, Kamal R, Kasaeian A, Katikireddi S, Kengne A, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khang Y, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim Y, Kinfu Y, Kosen S, Ku T, Defo B, Kumar G, Larson H, Leinsalu M, Liang X, Lim S, Liu P, Lopez A, Lozano R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGarvey S, Mengistu D, Mensah G, Mensink G, Mezgebe H, Mirrakhimov E, Mueller U, Noubiap J, Obermeyer C, Ogbo F, Owolabi M, Patton G, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rai R, Ranabhat C, Reinig N, Safiri S, Salomon J, Sanabria J, Santos I, Sartorius B, Sawhney M, Schmidhuber J, Schutte A, Schmidt M, Sepanlou S, Shamsizadeh M, Sheikhbahaei S, Shin M, Shiri R, Shiue I, Roba H, Silva D, Silverberg J, Singh J, Stranges S, Swaminathan S, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tedla B, Tegegne B, Terkawi A, Thakur J, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Uthman O, Vaezghasemi M, Vasankari T, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Weiderpass E, Werdecker A, Wesana J, Westerman R, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yonga G, Zaidi Z, Zenebe Z, Zipkin B, Murray C, and GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS: We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS: In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).

Published
2017

31. Fuzzy Mobility Pattern Discovery fromTime SummarizedMoving Data

Author

Wu JW(吴俊伟), Wang L(王亮), Ku T(库涛), and Hu KY(胡琨元)

Subjects
Apriori algorithm, General Computer Science, Computer science, General Mathematics, Fuzzy set, Behavioral pattern, Interval (mathematics), Time gap, computer.software_genre, Fuzzy logic, Range (mathematics), Video tracking, Data mining, computer
Abstract

The advance of object tracking technologies leads to huge volumes of spatiotemporal data collected in moving database. Hidden the moving database, there are many useful information and knowledge which could reveal the mobility behavior and surrounding conditions. In this paper, we focused on the problem of mining behavior pattern from time summarized moving data in which the temporal information is summarized in short period and represented by range values. Utilizing interval number calculating, we obtain time gap between any two consecutive records. Based on fuzzy set theory, we defined mobile behavior with fuzzy linguistic terms and corresponding support. Finally we proposed two mobile behavior mining algorithms improved by Apriori algorithm and PrefixSpan algorithm. The proposed methods are evaluated with extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets.

Published
2013

34. A review of mix design terminologies for cement admixed sandy clay

Author

Subramanian Sathya, Khan Qasim, Moon Sung-Woo, and Ku Taeseo

Subjects
cemented sandy clay, land reclamation, unconfined compressive strength, water to cement ratio, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

In densely populated countries, underground construction and land reclamation could be possible options to solve the demand for land space, thus securing sustainable long-term development of the nation. For example, in Singapore, land reclamation has been widely conducted using excavated materials from underground development. The excavated materials are commonly marine clays that contain sandy soils. To improve the mechanical properties of these soft soils, cement-treated soil stabilization is popularly adopted. In fact, many researchers have investigated the properties of pure cemented clay or pure cemented sand using conventional design parameters such as water content (water/solids) and cement content (cement/dry soil). However, can these terminologies be still used to accurately examine the role of sand in cemented sandy clay mixtures? Through unconfined compression testing, it is herein shown that the use of existing mix design approaches in the literature cannot properly explain the variation of strength with sand content for cemented sandy clay mixtures. A new mix design approach is thus proposed in this study, which ensures that the role of sand in a cemented clay matrix can be quantified.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Presenteeism and social interaction in the 'new normal' in Japan: a longitudinal questionnaire study

Author

Megumi Yoshigai, Jung-ho Shin, Hiroyuki Nagano, Takayo Nakabe, Yuichi Imanaka, and KU Task Force to Create Resilient Societies with and after COVID

Subjects
presenteeism, covid-19 pandemic, social interaction, social support, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Although social interaction and social support during the “new normal” due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be related to presenteeism, the effect between these factors has not been clear for Japanese workers. The aim of this study was to describe the presenteeism of Japanese workers with reference to social interaction and social support following the lifestyle changes due to COVID-19 and to assess whether social interaction and social support affected their presenteeism. Methods: The data were obtained from internet panel surveys from October 2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multiple linear regression was conducted using the data from the first, fourth and fifth surveys, which were conducted during October to November 2020, July to August 2021, and September to October 2021, respectively. To measure presenteeism, questions from “absenteeism and presenteeism questions of the World Health Organization’s Heath and Work Performance Questionnaire”, short version in Japanese was utilized. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to investigate the effects of social interaction and social support-related factors on presenteeism. Results: A total of 3,407 participants were included in the analysis. The mean score of absolute presenteeism from the fifth survey was 58.07 (SD = 19.71). More time spent talking with family, a larger number of social supporters and a higher satisfaction level for social support were associated with a higher absolute presenteeism score. Conclusions: Our results suggested that social support reduced the presenteeism of the Japanese workers during the “new normal” due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Social interaction with family also relieved presenteeism.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Forouzanfar, MH, Afshin, A, Alexander, LT, Biryukov, S, Brauer, M, Cercy, K, Charlson, FJ, Cohen, AJ, Dandona, L, Estep, K, Ferrari, AJ, Frostad, JJ, Fullman, N, Godwin, WW, Griswold, M, Hay, SI, Kyu, HH, Larson, HJ, Lim, SS, Liu, PY, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Marczak, L, Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Reitsma, MB, Roth, GA, Sur, PJ, Vos, T, Wagner, JA, Wang, H, Zhao, Y, Zhou, M, Barber, RM, Bell, B, Blore, JD, Casey, DC, Coates, MM, Cooperrider, K, Cornaby, L, Dicker, D, Erskine, HE, Fleming, T, Foreman, K, Gakidou, E, Haagsma, JA, Johnson, CO, Kemmer, L, Ku, T, Leung, J, Masiye, F, Millear, A, Mirarefin, M, Misganaw, A, Mullany, E, Mumford, JE, Ng, M, Olsen, H, Rao, P, Reinig, N, Roman, Y, Sandar, L, Santomauro, DF, Slepak, EL, Sorensen, RJD, Thomas, BA, Vollset, SE, Whiteford, HA, Zipkin, B, Murray, CJL, Mock, CN, Anderson, BO, Futran, ND, and Anderson, HR

Abstract

© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57·8% (95% CI 56·6–58·8) of global deaths and 41·2% (39·8–42·8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211·8 million [192·7 million to 231·1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148·6 million [134·2 million to 163·1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143·1 million [125·1 million to 163·5 million]), high BMI (120·1 million [83·8 million to 158·4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113·3 million [103·9 million to 123·4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103·1 million [90·8 million to 115·1 million]), high total cholesterol (88·7 million [74·6 million to 105·7 million]), household air pollution (85·6 million [66·7 million to 106·1 million]), alcohol use (85·0 million [77·2 million to 93·0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83·0 million [49·3 million to 127·5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2016

38. Comparison of neutron and electron irradiation on the EL2 defect in GaAs.

Author

Lai, S. T., Nener, B. D., Alexiev, D., Faraone, L., Ku, T. C., and Dytlewski, N.

Subjects
SEMICONDUCTORS, GALLIUM arsenide, FAST neutrons, SPECTRUM analysis
Abstract

Focuses on a study which examined the EL2 defect in n-type semiconducting GaAs subjected to fast neutrons at room temperature through the deep level transient spectroscopy technique. Device fabrication; Experimental results and discussion; Conclusions.

Published
1995
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Author

Abraham B., Patil S.T., Patten S.B., Wang J., Pereira D.M., Cortinovis M., Giussani G., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Pesudovs K., Phillips M.R., Pillay J.D., Plass D., Tobollik M., Polinder S., Pond C.D., Pope C.A., Prasad N.M., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rana S.M., Rahman M., Rahman S.U., Rajsic S., Rai R.K., Raju M., Ranganathan K., Refaat A.H., Rehm C.D., Ribeiro A.L., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy A., Satpathy M., Tandon N., Rothenbacher D., Saleh M.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Riera L., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schmidhuber J., Schneider I.J.C., Schutte A.E., Silva D.A.S., Shahraz S., Shin M., Shaheen A., Shaikh M.A., Sharma R., Shigematsu M., Yoon S., Shishani K., Sigfusdottir I.D., Singh P.K., Silveira D.G.A., Silverberg J.I., Yano Y., Soneji S., Stranges S., Steckling N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Stroumpoulis K., Sunguya B.F., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Talongwa R.T., Tanne D., Tuzcu E.M., Thakur J., Shaddick G., Thomas M.L., Thrift A.G., Thurston G.D., Thomson A.J., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Towbin J.A., Uthman O.A., Tobe-Gai R., Tsilimparis N., Tsala Z., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., van Os J., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Waller S.G., Uneke C.J., Wang Y., Weichenthal S., Woolf A.D., Xavier D., Xu G., Yakob B., Yip P., Kesavachandran C.N., Montico M., Ronfani L., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Wubshet M., Zuhlke L.J., Zaki M.E., Zhu J., Forouzanfar M.H., Afshin A., Alexander L.T., Biryukov S., Brauer M., Cercy K., Charlson F.J., Cohen A.J., Dandona L., Estep K., Ferrari A.J., Frostad J.J., Fullman N., Godwin W.W., Griswold M., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Larson H.J., Lim S.S., Liu P.Y., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Marczak L., Mokdad A.H., Moradi-Lakeh M., Naghavi M., Reitsma M.B., Roth G.A., Sur P.J., Vos T., Wagner J.A., Wang H., Zhao Y., Zhou M., Barber R.M., Bell B., Blore J.D., Casey D.C., Coates M.M., Cooperrider K., Cornaby L., Dicker D., Erskine H.E., Fleming T., Foreman K., Gakidou E., Haagsma J.A., Johnson C.O., Kemmer L., Ku T., Leung J., Masiye F., Millear A., Mirarefin M., Misganaw A., Mullany E., Mumford J.E., Ng M., Olsen H., Rao P., Reinig N., Roman Y., Sandar L., Santomauro D.F., Slepak E.L., Sorensen R.J.D., Thomas B.A., Vollset S.E., Whiteford H.A., Zipkin B., Murray C.J.L., Mock C.N., Anderson B.O., Futran N.D., Anderson H.R., Bhutta Z.A., Nisar M.I., Akseer N., Krueger H., Gotay C.C., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Burnett R., Abajobir A.A., Knibbs L.D., Veerman J.L., Lalloo R., Scott J.G., Alam N.K.M., Gouda H.N., Guo Y., McGrath J.J., Jeemon P., Dandona R., Goenka S., Kumar G.A., Gething P.W., Bisanzio D., Deribew A., Darby S.C., Ali R., Bennett D.A., Jha V., Kinfu Y., McKee M., Murthy G.V.S., Pearce N., Stockl H., Duan L., Jin Y., Li Y., Liu S., Wang L., Ye P., Liang X., Azzopardi P., Patton G.C., Meretoja A., Alam K., Borschmann R., Colquhoun S.M., Weintraub R.G., Szoeke C.E.I., Ademi Z., Taylor H.R., Wijeratne T., Batis C., Barquera S., Campos-Nonato I.R., Contreras A.G., Cuevas-Nasu L., De V., Gomez-Dantes H., Heredia-Pi I.B., Medina C., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Razo-Garcia C.A., Rivera J.A., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Servan-Mori E.E., Shamah T., Mensah G.A., Hoff H.J., Neal B., Driscoll T.R., Kemp A.H., Leigh J., Mekonnen A.B., Bhatt S., Furst T., Piel F.B., Rodriguez A., Hutchings S.J., Majeed A., Soljak M., Salomon J.A., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Ajala O.N., Barnighausen T., Cahill L.E., Ding E.L., Farvid M.S., Khatibzadeh S., Wagner G.R., Shrime M.G., Fitchett J.R.A., Aasvang G.M., Savic M., Abate K.H., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdulle A.M., Abera S.F., Melaku Y.A., Abyu G.Y., Betsu B.D., Hailu G.B., Tekle D.Y., Yalew A.Z., Abu-Raddad L.J., Adebiyi A.O., Adedeji I.A., Adou A.K., Adsuar J.C., Agardh E.E., Rehm J., Badawi A., Popova S., Agarwal A., Ahmad A., Akinyemiju T.F., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Al-Aly Z., Aldhahri S.F., Altirkawi K.A., Terkawi A.S., Aldridge R.W., Tillmann T., Alemu Z.A., Tegegne T.K., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Guillemin F., Allebeck P., Rabiee R.H.S., Fereshtehnejad S.M., Kivipelto M., Carrero J.J., Weiderpass E., Havmoeller R., Sindi S., Alsharif U., Alvarez E., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Ciobanu L.G., Taye B.W., Amberbir A., Amegah A.K., Amini H., Karema C.K., Ammar W., Harb H.L., Amrock S.M., Andersen H.H., Antonio C.A.T., Faraon E.J.A., Anwari P., Arnlov J., Larsson A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Assadi R., Atique S., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Ayala B.P., Bacha U., Bahit M.C., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., del Pozo-Cruz B., Mohammed S., Barregard L., Petzold M., Barrero L.H., Basu S., Del L.C., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Beardsley J., Bedi N., Beghi E., Sheth K.N., Bell M.L., Huang J.J., Bello A.K., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Berhane A., Wolfe C.D., Bernabe E., Roba H.S., Beyene A.S., Hassen T.A., Mesfin Y.M., Bhala N., Bhansali A., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Bjertness E., Htet A.S., Boufous S., Degenhardt L., Resnikoff S., Calabria B., Bourne R.R.A., Brainin M., Brazinova A., Majdan M., Shen J., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Schottker B., Broday D.M., Brugha T.S., Brunekreef B., Kromhout H., Butt Z.A., van Donkelaar A., Martin R.V., Cardenas R., Carpenter D.O., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo J., Castro R.E., Catala-Lopez F., Chang J., Chiang P.P., Chibalabala M., Chimed-Ochir O., Jiang Y., Takahashi K., Chisumpa V.H., Mapoma C.C., Chitheer A.A., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper L.T., Crump J.A., Poulton R.G., Damasceno A., Dargan P.I., das Neves J., Davis A.C., Newton J.N., Steel N., Davletov K., de Castro E.F., De D., Dellavalle R.P., Des D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P.K., Lal D.K., Zodpey S., Diaz-Torne C., Dorsey E.R., Doyle K.E., Dubey M., Rahman M.H.U., Ram U., Singh A., Yadav A.K., Duncan B.B., Kieling C., Schmidt M.I., Elyazar I., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Farzadfar F., Kasaeian A., Parsaeian M., Esteghamati A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Sheikhbahaei S., Fahimi S., Malekzadeh R., Roshandel G., Sepanlou S.G., Hassanvand M.S., Heydarpour P., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Yaseri M., Farid T.A., Khan A.R., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Feigin V.L., Fernandes J.G., Fischer F., Foigt N., Shiue I., Fowkes F.G.R., Franklin R.C., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Geleijnse J.M., Jibat T., Gessner B.D., Tefera W., Giref A.Z., Haile D., Manamo W.A.A., Giroud M., Gishu M.D., Martinez-Raga J., Gomez-Cabrera M.C., Gona P., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Goto A., Inoue M., Gugnani H.C., Gupta R., Gutierrez R.A., Orozco R., Halasa Y.A., Undurraga E.A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hernandez-Llanes N.F., Hoek H.W., Tura A.K., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hoy D.G., Hsairi M., Hu G., Husseini A., Huybrechts I., Iburg K.M., Idrisov B.T., Kwan G.F., Ileanu B.V., Pana A., Kawakami N., Shibuya K., Jacobs T.A., Jacobsen K.H., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., Jansen H.A.F., Jassal S.K., Stein M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jee S.H., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., She J., Kan H., Karch A., Karimkhani C., Kaul A., Kazi D.S., Keiyoro P.N., Parry C.D., Kengne A.P., Matzopoulos R., Wiysonge C.S., Stein D.J., Mayosi B.M., Keren A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khang Y.H., Won S., Khera S., Tavakkoli M., Khoja T.A.M., Khubchandani J., Kim C., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kokubo Y., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Varakin Y.Y., Kuate B., Kuchenbecker R.S., Kucuk B., Kuipers E.J., Lallukka T., Shiri R., Meretoja T.J., Lan Q., Latif A.A., Lawrynowicz A.E.B., Leasher J.L., Levi M., Li X., Liang J., Lloyd B.K., Logroscino G., Lunevicius R., Pope D., Mahdavi M., Malta D.C., Marcenes W., Matsushita K., Nachega J.B., Tran B.X., Meaney P.A., Mehari A., Tedla B.A., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mensink G.B.M., Mhimbira F.A., Miller T.R., Mills E.J., Mohammadi A., Mola G.L.D., Monasta L., Morawska L., Norman R.E., Mori R., Mozaff D., Shi P., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Paternina A.J., Westerman R., Seedat S., Naheed A., Nangia V., Nassiri N., Nguyen Q.L., Nkamedjie P.M., Norheim O.F., Norrving B., Nyakarahuka L., Obermeyer C.M., Ogbo F.A., Oh I., Oladimeji O., Sartorius B., Olusanya B.O., Olivares P.R., Olusanya J.O., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Ota E., Mahesh P.A., Park E., Patel T., Abraham B., Patil S.T., Patten S.B., Wang J., Pereira D.M., Cortinovis M., Giussani G., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Pesudovs K., Phillips M.R., Pillay J.D., Plass D., Tobollik M., Polinder S., Pond C.D., Pope C.A., Prasad N.M., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rana S.M., Rahman M., Rahman S.U., Rajsic S., Rai R.K., Raju M., Ranganathan K., Refaat A.H., Rehm C.D., Ribeiro A.L., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy A., Satpathy M., Tandon N., Rothenbacher D., Saleh M.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Riera L., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schmidhuber J., Schneider I.J.C., Schutte A.E., Silva D.A.S., Shahraz S., Shin M., Shaheen A., Shaikh M.A., Sharma R., Shigematsu M., Yoon S., Shishani K., Sigfusdottir I.D., Singh P.K., Silveira D.G.A., Silverberg J.I., Yano Y., Soneji S., Stranges S., Steckling N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Stroumpoulis K., Sunguya B.F., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Talongwa R.T., Tanne D., Tuzcu E.M., Thakur J., Shaddick G., Thomas M.L., Thrift A.G., Thurston G.D., Thomson A.J., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Towbin J.A., Uthman O.A., Tobe-Gai R., Tsilimparis N., Tsala Z., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., van Os J., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Waller S.G., Uneke C.J., Wang Y., Weichenthal S., Woolf A.D., Xavier D., Xu G., Yakob B., Yip P., Kesavachandran C.N., Montico M., Ronfani L., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Wubshet M., Zuhlke L.J., Zaki M.E., Zhu J., Forouzanfar M.H., Afshin A., Alexander L.T., Biryukov S., Brauer M., Cercy K., Charlson F.J., Cohen A.J., Dandona L., Estep K., Ferrari A.J., Frostad J.J., Fullman N., Godwin W.W., Griswold M., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Larson H.J., Lim S.S., Liu P.Y., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Marczak L., Mokdad A.H., Moradi-Lakeh M., Naghavi M., Reitsma M.B., Roth G.A., Sur P.J., Vos T., Wagner J.A., Wang H., Zhao Y., Zhou M., Barber R.M., Bell B., Blore J.D., Casey D.C., Coates M.M., Cooperrider K., Cornaby L., Dicker D., Erskine H.E., Fleming T., Foreman K., Gakidou E., Haagsma J.A., Johnson C.O., Kemmer L., Ku T., Leung J., Masiye F., Millear A., Mirarefin M., Misganaw A., Mullany E., Mumford J.E., Ng M., Olsen H., Rao P., Reinig N., Roman Y., Sandar L., Santomauro D.F., Slepak E.L., Sorensen R.J.D., Thomas B.A., Vollset S.E., Whiteford H.A., Zipkin B., Murray C.J.L., Mock C.N., Anderson B.O., Futran N.D., Anderson H.R., Bhutta Z.A., Nisar M.I., Akseer N., Krueger H., Gotay C.C., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Burnett R., Abajobir A.A., Knibbs L.D., Veerman J.L., Lalloo R., Scott J.G., Alam N.K.M., Gouda H.N., Guo Y., McGrath J.J., Jeemon P., Dandona R., Goenka S., Kumar G.A., Gething P.W., Bisanzio D., Deribew A., Darby S.C., Ali R., Bennett D.A., Jha V., Kinfu Y., McKee M., Murthy G.V.S., Pearce N., Stockl H., Duan L., Jin Y., Li Y., Liu S., Wang L., Ye P., Liang X., Azzopardi P., Patton G.C., Meretoja A., Alam K., Borschmann R., Colquhoun S.M., Weintraub R.G., Szoeke C.E.I., Ademi Z., Taylor H.R., Wijeratne T., Batis C., Barquera S., Campos-Nonato I.R., Contreras A.G., Cuevas-Nasu L., De V., Gomez-Dantes H., Heredia-Pi I.B., Medina C., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Razo-Garcia C.A., Rivera J.A., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Servan-Mori E.E., Shamah T., Mensah G.A., Hoff H.J., Neal B., Driscoll T.R., Kemp A.H., Leigh J., Mekonnen A.B., Bhatt S., Furst T., Piel F.B., Rodriguez A., Hutchings S.J., Majeed A., Soljak M., Salomon J.A., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Ajala O.N., Barnighausen T., Cahill L.E., Ding E.L., Farvid M.S., Khatibzadeh S., Wagner G.R., Shrime M.G., Fitchett J.R.A., Aasvang G.M., Savic M., Abate K.H., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdulle A.M., Abera S.F., Melaku Y.A., Abyu G.Y., Betsu B.D., Hailu G.B., Tekle D.Y., Yalew A.Z., Abu-Raddad L.J., Adebiyi A.O., Adedeji I.A., Adou A.K., Adsuar J.C., Agardh E.E., Rehm J., Badawi A., Popova S., Agarwal A., Ahmad A., Akinyemiju T.F., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Al-Aly Z., Aldhahri S.F., Altirkawi K.A., Terkawi A.S., Aldridge R.W., Tillmann T., Alemu Z.A., Tegegne T.K., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Guillemin F., Allebeck P., Rabiee R.H.S., Fereshtehnejad S.M., Kivipelto M., Carrero J.J., Weiderpass E., Havmoeller R., Sindi S., Alsharif U., Alvarez E., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Ciobanu L.G., Taye B.W., Amberbir A., Amegah A.K., Amini H., Karema C.K., Ammar W., Harb H.L., Amrock S.M., Andersen H.H., Antonio C.A.T., Faraon E.J.A., Anwari P., Arnlov J., Larsson A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Assadi R., Atique S., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Ayala B.P., Bacha U., Bahit M.C., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., del Pozo-Cruz B., Mohammed S., Barregard L., Petzold M., Barrero L.H., Basu S., Del L.C., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Beardsley J., Bedi N., Beghi E., Sheth K.N., Bell M.L., Huang J.J., Bello A.K., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Berhane A., Wolfe C.D., Bernabe E., Roba H.S., Beyene A.S., Hassen T.A., Mesfin Y.M., Bhala N., Bhansali A., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Bjertness E., Htet A.S., Boufous S., Degenhardt L., Resnikoff S., Calabria B., Bourne R.R.A., Brainin M., Brazinova A., Majdan M., Shen J., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Schottker B., Broday D.M., Brugha T.S., Brunekreef B., Kromhout H., Butt Z.A., van Donkelaar A., Martin R.V., Cardenas R., Carpenter D.O., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo J., Castro R.E., Catala-Lopez F., Chang J., Chiang P.P., Chibalabala M., Chimed-Ochir O., Jiang Y., Takahashi K., Chisumpa V.H., Mapoma C.C., Chitheer A.A., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper L.T., Crump J.A., Poulton R.G., Damasceno A., Dargan P.I., das Neves J., Davis A.C., Newton J.N., Steel N., Davletov K., de Castro E.F., De D., Dellavalle R.P., Des D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P.K., Lal D.K., Zodpey S., Diaz-Torne C., Dorsey E.R., Doyle K.E., Dubey M., Rahman M.H.U., Ram U., Singh A., Yadav A.K., Duncan B.B., Kieling C., Schmidt M.I., Elyazar I., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Farzadfar F., Kasaeian A., Parsaeian M., Esteghamati A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Sheikhbahaei S., Fahimi S., Malekzadeh R., Roshandel G., Sepanlou S.G., Hassanvand M.S., Heydarpour P., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Yaseri M., Farid T.A., Khan A.R., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Feigin V.L., Fernandes J.G., Fischer F., Foigt N., Shiue I., Fowkes F.G.R., Franklin R.C., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Geleijnse J.M., Jibat T., Gessner B.D., Tefera W., Giref A.Z., Haile D., Manamo W.A.A., Giroud M., Gishu M.D., Martinez-Raga J., Gomez-Cabrera M.C., Gona P., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Goto A., Inoue M., Gugnani H.C., Gupta R., Gutierrez R.A., Orozco R., Halasa Y.A., Undurraga E.A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hernandez-Llanes N.F., Hoek H.W., Tura A.K., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hoy D.G., Hsairi M., Hu G., Husseini A., Huybrechts I., Iburg K.M., Idrisov B.T., Kwan G.F., Ileanu B.V., Pana A., Kawakami N., Shibuya K., Jacobs T.A., Jacobsen K.H., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., Jansen H.A.F., Jassal S.K., Stein M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jee S.H., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., She J., Kan H., Karch A., Karimkhani C., Kaul A., Kazi D.S., Keiyoro P.N., Parry C.D., Kengne A.P., Matzopoulos R., Wiysonge C.S., Stein D.J., Mayosi B.M., Keren A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khang Y.H., Won S., Khera S., Tavakkoli M., Khoja T.A.M., Khubchandani J., Kim C., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kokubo Y., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Varakin Y.Y., Kuate B., Kuchenbecker R.S., Kucuk B., Kuipers E.J., Lallukka T., Shiri R., Meretoja T.J., Lan Q., Latif A.A., Lawrynowicz A.E.B., Leasher J.L., Levi M., Li X., Liang J., Lloyd B.K., Logroscino G., Lunevicius R., Pope D., Mahdavi M., Malta D.C., Marcenes W., Matsushita K., Nachega J.B., Tran B.X., Meaney P.A., Mehari A., Tedla B.A., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mensink G.B.M., Mhimbira F.A., Miller T.R., Mills E.J., Mohammadi A., Mola G.L.D., Monasta L., Morawska L., Norman R.E., Mori R., Mozaff D., Shi P., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Paternina A.J., Westerman R., Seedat S., Naheed A., Nangia V., Nassiri N., Nguyen Q.L., Nkamedjie P.M., Norheim O.F., Norrving B., Nyakarahuka L., Obermeyer C.M., Ogbo F.A., Oh I., Oladimeji O., Sartorius B., Olusanya B.O., Olivares P.R., Olusanya J.O., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Ota E., Mahesh P.A., Park E., and Patel T.

Abstract

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accou

Published
2016

41. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Forouzanfar, M., Afshin, A., Alexander, L., Anderson, H., Bhutta, Z., Biryukov, S., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Cercy, K., Charlson, F., Cohen, A., Dandona, L., Estep, K., Ferrari, A., Frostad, J., Fullman, N., Gething, P., Godwin, W., Griswold, M., Kinfu, Y., Kyu, H., Larson, H., Liang, X., Lim, S., Liu, P., Lopez, A., Lozano, R., Marczak, L., Mensah, G., Mokdad, A., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Naghavi, M., Neal, B., Reitsma, M., Roth, G., Salomon, J., Sur, P., Vos, T., Wagner, J., Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Zhou, M., Aasvang, G., Abajobir, A., Abate, K., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A., Abera, S., Abraham, B., Abu-Raddad, L., Abyu, G., Adebiyi, A., Adedeji, I., Ademi, Z., Adou, A., Adsuar, J., Agardh, E., Agarwal, A., Agrawal, A., Kiadaliri, A., Ajala, O., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Aldhahri, S., Aldridge, R., Alemu, Z., Ali, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Alsharif, U., Altirkawi, K., Alvarez Martin, E., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A., Amberbir, A., Amegah, A., Amini, H., Ammar, W., Amrock, S., Andersen, H., Anderson, B., Antonio, C., Anwar, P., Arnlov, J., Al, A., Asayesh, H., Asghar, R., Assadi, R., Atique, S., Avokpaho, E., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B., Azzopardi, P., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bahit, M., Balakrishnan, K., Barac, A., Barber, R., Barker-Collo, S., Baernighausen, T., Barquera, S., Barregard, L., Barrero, L., Basu, S., Bans, C., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bell, M., Bello, A., Bennett, D., Bensenor, I., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Betsu, B., Beyene, A., Bhala, N., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Biadgilign, S., Bikbov, B., Bisanzio, D., Bjertness, E., Blore, J., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Bourne, R., Brainin, M., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N., Brenner, H., Broday, D., Brugha, T., Brunekreef, B., Butt, Z., Cahill, L., Calabria, B., Ricardo Campos-Nonato, I., Cardenas, R., Carpenter, D., Casey, D., Castaneda-Oquela, C., Castillo Rivas, J., Estanislao Castro, R., Catala-Lopez, F., Chang, J., Chiang, P., Chibalabala, M., Chimed-Ochir, O., Chisumpa, V., Chitheer, A., Choi, J., Christensen, H., Christopher, D., Ciobanu, L., Coates, M., Colquhoun, S., Cooper, L., Cooperrider, K., Cornaby, L., Cortinovis, M., Crump, J., Cuevas-Nasu, L., Damasceno, A., Dandona, R., Darby, S., Dargan, P., das Neves, J., Davis, A., Davletov, K., Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, V., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Del Gobbo, L., del Pozo-Cruz, B., Dellavalle, R., Deribew, A., Des Jarlais, D., Dharmaratne, S., Dhillon, P., Diaz-Tome, C., Dicker, D., Ding, E., Dorsey, E., Doyle, K., Driscoll, T., Duan, L., Dubey, M., Duncan, B., Elyazar, I., Endries, A., Ermakov, S., Erskine, H., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Fahimi, S., Aquino Faraon, E., Farid, T., Sofia E Sa Farinha, C., Faro, A., Farvid, M., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V., Fereshtehnejad, S., Fernandes, J., Fischer, F., Fitchett, J., Fleming, T., Foigt, N., Foreman, K., Fowkes, F., Franklin, R., Fuerst, T., Futran, N., Gakidou, E., Garcia-Basteiro, A., Gebrehiwot, T., Gebremedhin, A., Geleijnse, J., Gessner, B., Giref, A., Giroud, M., Gishu, M., Goenka, S., Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, M., Gomez-Dantes, H., Gona, P., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S., Gotay, C., Goto, A., Gouda, H., Gugnani, H., Guillemin, F., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gutierrez, R., Haagsma, J., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, D., Hailu, G., Halasa, Y., Hamadeh, R., Hamidi, S., Handal, A., Hankey, G., Hao, Y., Harb, H., Harikrishnan, S., Maria Haro, J., Hassanvand, M., Hassen, T., Havmoeller, R., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, I., Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, N., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H., Hoffman, H., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H., Hoy, D., Hsairi, M., Htet, A., Hu, G., Huang, J., Husseini, A., Hutchings, S., Huybrechts, I., Iburg, K., Idrisov, B., Ileanu, B., Inoue, M., Jacobs, T., Jacobsen, K., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Jansen, H., Jassal, S., Javanbakht, M., Jayatilleke, A., Jee, S., Jeemon, P., Jha, V., Jiang, Y., Jibat, T., Jin, Y., Johnson, C., Jonas, J., Kabir, Z., Kalkonde, Y., Kamal, R., Kan, H., Karch, A., Karema, C., Karimkhani, C., Kasaeian, A., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Kazi, D., Keiyoro, P., Kemp, A., Kengne, A., Keren, A., Kesavachandran, C., Khader, Y., Khan, A., Khan, E., Khan, G., Khang, Y., Khatibzadeh, S., Khera, S., Khoja, T., Khubchandani, J., Kieling, C., Kim, C., Kim, D., Kimokoti, R., Kissoon, N., Kivipelto, M., Knibbs, L., Kokubo, Y., Kopec, J., Koul, P., Koyanagi, A., Kravchenko, M., Kromhout, H., Krueger, H., Ku, T., Defo, B., Kuchenbecker, R., Bicer, B., Kuipers, E., Kumar, G., Kwan, G., Lal, D., Lalloo, R., Lallukka, T., Lan, Q., Larsson, A., Latif, A., Beatriz Lawrynowicz, A., Leasher, J., Leigh, J., Leung, J., Levi, M., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, J., Liu, S., Lloyd, B., Logroscino, G., Lotufo, P., Lunevicius, R., Maclntyre, M., Mahdavi, M., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D., Manamo, W., Mapoma, C., Marcenes, W., Martin, R., Martinez-Raga, J., Masiye, F., Matsushita, K., Matzopoulos, R., Mayosi, B., McGrath, J., McKee, M., Meaney, P., Medina, C., Mehari, A., Mena-Rodriguez, F., Mekonnen, A., Melaku, Y., Memish, Z., Mendoza, W., Mensink, G., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T., Mesfin, Y., Mhimbira, F., Miller, Ted, Mills, E., Mirarefin, M., Misganaw, A., Mock, C., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, S., Mola, G., Monasta, L., Montanez Hernandez, J., Montico, M., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Mozaffarian, D., Mueller, U., Mullany, E., Mumford, J., Murthy, G., Nachega, J., Naheed, A., Nangia, V., Nassiri, N., Newton, J., Ng, M., Quyen, L., Nisar, M., Pete, P., Norheim, O., Norman, R., Norrving, B., Nyakarahuka, L., Obermeyer, C., Ogbo, F., Oh, I., Oladimeji, O., Olivares, P., Olsen, H., Olusanya, B., Olusanya, J., Opio, J., Oren, E., Orozco, R., Ortiz, A., Ota, E., Mahesh, P., Pana, A., Park, E., Parry, C., Parsaeian, M., Patel, T., Caicedo, A., Patil, S., Patten, S., Patton, G., Pearce, N., Pereira, D., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Petzold, M., Phillips, M., Piel, F., Pillay, J., Plass, D., Polinder, S., Pond, C., Pope, C., Pope, D., Popova, S., Poulton, R., Pourmalek, F., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, R., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, S., Rai, R., Rajsic, S., Raju, M., Ram, U., Rana, S., Ranganathan, K., Rao, P., Razo Garcia, C., Refaat, A., Rehm, C., Rehm, J., Reinig, N., Remuzzi, G., Resnikoff, S., Ribeiro, A., Rivera, J., Rolm, H., Rodriguez, A., Rodriguez-Ramirez, S., Rojas-Rueda, D., Roman, Y., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Rothenbacher, D., Roy, A., Saleh, M., Sanabria, J., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M., Sanchez-Pimienta, T., Sandar, L., Santomauro, D., Santos, I., Sarmiento-Suarez, R., Sartorius, B., Satpathy, M., Savic, M., Sawhney, M., Schmidhuber, J., Schmidt, M., Schneider, I., Schoettker, B., Schutte, A., Schwebel, D., Scott, J., Seedat, S., Sepanlou, S., Servan-Mori, E., Shaheen, A., Shahraz, S., Shaikh, M., Levy, T., Sharma, R., She, J., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shen, J., Sheth, K., Shi, P., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, M., Shiri, R., Shishani, K., Shiue, I., Shrime, M., Sigfusdottir, I., Silva, D., Alves Silveira, D., Silverberg, J., Simard, E., Sindi, S., Singh, A., Singh, J., Singh, P., Slepak, E., Soljak, M., Soneji, S., Sorensen, R., Sposato, L., Sreeramareddy, C., Stathopoulou, V., Steckling, N., Steel, N., Stein, D., Stein, M., Stockl, H., Stranges, S., Stroumpoulis, K., Sunguya, B., Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B., Szoeke, C., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Takahashi, K., Talongwa, R., Landon, N., Tanne, D., Tavakkoli, M., Taye, B., Taylor, H., Tedla, B., Tefera, W., Tegegne, T., Tekle, D., Terkawi, A., Thakur, J., Thomas, B., Thomas, M., Thomson, A., Thorne-Lyman, A., Thrift, A., Thurston, G., Tillmann, T., Tobe-Gai, R., Tobollik, M., Topor-Madry, R., Topouzis, F., Towbin, J., Bach, X., Dimbuene, Z., Tsilimparis, N., Tura, A., Tuzcu, E., Tyrovolas, S., Ukwaja, K., Undurraga, E., Uneke, C., Uthman, O., van Donkelaar, A., van Os, J., Varakin, Y., Vasankari, T., Veerman, J., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F., Vollset, S., Wagner, G., Waller, S., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weichenthal, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C., Wolfe, C., Won, S., Woolf, A., Wubshet, M., Xavier, D., Xu, G., Yadav, A., Yakob, B., Yalew, A., Yano, Y., Yaseri, M., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S., Younis, M., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaki, M., Zhu, J., Zipkin, B., Zodpey, S., Zuhlke, L., Murray, C., Forouzanfar, M., Afshin, A., Alexander, L., Anderson, H., Bhutta, Z., Biryukov, S., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Cercy, K., Charlson, F., Cohen, A., Dandona, L., Estep, K., Ferrari, A., Frostad, J., Fullman, N., Gething, P., Godwin, W., Griswold, M., Kinfu, Y., Kyu, H., Larson, H., Liang, X., Lim, S., Liu, P., Lopez, A., Lozano, R., Marczak, L., Mensah, G., Mokdad, A., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Naghavi, M., Neal, B., Reitsma, M., Roth, G., Salomon, J., Sur, P., Vos, T., Wagner, J., Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Zhou, M., Aasvang, G., Abajobir, A., Abate, K., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A., Abera, S., Abraham, B., Abu-Raddad, L., Abyu, G., Adebiyi, A., Adedeji, I., Ademi, Z., Adou, A., Adsuar, J., Agardh, E., Agarwal, A., Agrawal, A., Kiadaliri, A., Ajala, O., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Aldhahri, S., Aldridge, R., Alemu, Z., Ali, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Alsharif, U., Altirkawi, K., Alvarez Martin, E., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A., Amberbir, A., Amegah, A., Amini, H., Ammar, W., Amrock, S., Andersen, H., Anderson, B., Antonio, C., Anwar, P., Arnlov, J., Al, A., Asayesh, H., Asghar, R., Assadi, R., Atique, S., Avokpaho, E., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B., Azzopardi, P., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bahit, M., Balakrishnan, K., Barac, A., Barber, R., Barker-Collo, S., Baernighausen, T., Barquera, S., Barregard, L., Barrero, L., Basu, S., Bans, C., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bell, M., Bello, A., Bennett, D., Bensenor, I., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Betsu, B., Beyene, A., Bhala, N., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Biadgilign, S., Bikbov, B., Bisanzio, D., Bjertness, E., Blore, J., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Bourne, R., Brainin, M., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N., Brenner, H., Broday, D., Brugha, T., Brunekreef, B., Butt, Z., Cahill, L., Calabria, B., Ricardo Campos-Nonato, I., Cardenas, R., Carpenter, D., Casey, D., Castaneda-Oquela, C., Castillo Rivas, J., Estanislao Castro, R., Catala-Lopez, F., Chang, J., Chiang, P., Chibalabala, M., Chimed-Ochir, O., Chisumpa, V., Chitheer, A., Choi, J., Christensen, H., Christopher, D., Ciobanu, L., Coates, M., Colquhoun, S., Cooper, L., Cooperrider, K., Cornaby, L., Cortinovis, M., Crump, J., Cuevas-Nasu, L., Damasceno, A., Dandona, R., Darby, S., Dargan, P., das Neves, J., Davis, A., Davletov, K., Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, V., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Del Gobbo, L., del Pozo-Cruz, B., Dellavalle, R., Deribew, A., Des Jarlais, D., Dharmaratne, S., Dhillon, P., Diaz-Tome, C., Dicker, D., Ding, E., Dorsey, E., Doyle, K., Driscoll, T., Duan, L., Dubey, M., Duncan, B., Elyazar, I., Endries, A., Ermakov, S., Erskine, H., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Fahimi, S., Aquino Faraon, E., Farid, T., Sofia E Sa Farinha, C., Faro, A., Farvid, M., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V., Fereshtehnejad, S., Fernandes, J., Fischer, F., Fitchett, J., Fleming, T., Foigt, N., Foreman, K., Fowkes, F., Franklin, R., Fuerst, T., Futran, N., Gakidou, E., Garcia-Basteiro, A., Gebrehiwot, T., Gebremedhin, A., Geleijnse, J., Gessner, B., Giref, A., Giroud, M., Gishu, M., Goenka, S., Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, M., Gomez-Dantes, H., Gona, P., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S., Gotay, C., Goto, A., Gouda, H., Gugnani, H., Guillemin, F., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gutierrez, R., Haagsma, J., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, D., Hailu, G., Halasa, Y., Hamadeh, R., Hamidi, S., Handal, A., Hankey, G., Hao, Y., Harb, H., Harikrishnan, S., Maria Haro, J., Hassanvand, M., Hassen, T., Havmoeller, R., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, I., Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, N., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H., Hoffman, H., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H., Hoy, D., Hsairi, M., Htet, A., Hu, G., Huang, J., Husseini, A., Hutchings, S., Huybrechts, I., Iburg, K., Idrisov, B., Ileanu, B., Inoue, M., Jacobs, T., Jacobsen, K., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Jansen, H., Jassal, S., Javanbakht, M., Jayatilleke, A., Jee, S., Jeemon, P., Jha, V., Jiang, Y., Jibat, T., Jin, Y., Johnson, C., Jonas, J., Kabir, Z., Kalkonde, Y., Kamal, R., Kan, H., Karch, A., Karema, C., Karimkhani, C., Kasaeian, A., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Kazi, D., Keiyoro, P., Kemp, A., Kengne, A., Keren, A., Kesavachandran, C., Khader, Y., Khan, A., Khan, E., Khan, G., Khang, Y., Khatibzadeh, S., Khera, S., Khoja, T., Khubchandani, J., Kieling, C., Kim, C., Kim, D., Kimokoti, R., Kissoon, N., Kivipelto, M., Knibbs, L., Kokubo, Y., Kopec, J., Koul, P., Koyanagi, A., Kravchenko, M., Kromhout, H., Krueger, H., Ku, T., Defo, B., Kuchenbecker, R., Bicer, B., Kuipers, E., Kumar, G., Kwan, G., Lal, D., Lalloo, R., Lallukka, T., Lan, Q., Larsson, A., Latif, A., Beatriz Lawrynowicz, A., Leasher, J., Leigh, J., Leung, J., Levi, M., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, J., Liu, S., Lloyd, B., Logroscino, G., Lotufo, P., Lunevicius, R., Maclntyre, M., Mahdavi, M., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D., Manamo, W., Mapoma, C., Marcenes, W., Martin, R., Martinez-Raga, J., Masiye, F., Matsushita, K., Matzopoulos, R., Mayosi, B., McGrath, J., McKee, M., Meaney, P., Medina, C., Mehari, A., Mena-Rodriguez, F., Mekonnen, A., Melaku, Y., Memish, Z., Mendoza, W., Mensink, G., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T., Mesfin, Y., Mhimbira, F., Miller, Ted, Mills, E., Mirarefin, M., Misganaw, A., Mock, C., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, S., Mola, G., Monasta, L., Montanez Hernandez, J., Montico, M., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Mozaffarian, D., Mueller, U., Mullany, E., Mumford, J., Murthy, G., Nachega, J., Naheed, A., Nangia, V., Nassiri, N., Newton, J., Ng, M., Quyen, L., Nisar, M., Pete, P., Norheim, O., Norman, R., Norrving, B., Nyakarahuka, L., Obermeyer, C., Ogbo, F., Oh, I., Oladimeji, O., Olivares, P., Olsen, H., Olusanya, B., Olusanya, J., Opio, J., Oren, E., Orozco, R., Ortiz, A., Ota, E., Mahesh, P., Pana, A., Park, E., Parry, C., Parsaeian, M., Patel, T., Caicedo, A., Patil, S., Patten, S., Patton, G., Pearce, N., Pereira, D., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Petzold, M., Phillips, M., Piel, F., Pillay, J., Plass, D., Polinder, S., Pond, C., Pope, C., Pope, D., Popova, S., Poulton, R., Pourmalek, F., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, R., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, S., Rai, R., Rajsic, S., Raju, M., Ram, U., Rana, S., Ranganathan, K., Rao, P., Razo Garcia, C., Refaat, A., Rehm, C., Rehm, J., Reinig, N., Remuzzi, G., Resnikoff, S., Ribeiro, A., Rivera, J., Rolm, H., Rodriguez, A., Rodriguez-Ramirez, S., Rojas-Rueda, D., Roman, Y., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Rothenbacher, D., Roy, A., Saleh, M., Sanabria, J., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M., Sanchez-Pimienta, T., Sandar, L., Santomauro, D., Santos, I., Sarmiento-Suarez, R., Sartorius, B., Satpathy, M., Savic, M., Sawhney, M., Schmidhuber, J., Schmidt, M., Schneider, I., Schoettker, B., Schutte, A., Schwebel, D., Scott, J., Seedat, S., Sepanlou, S., Servan-Mori, E., Shaheen, A., Shahraz, S., Shaikh, M., Levy, T., Sharma, R., She, J., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shen, J., Sheth, K., Shi, P., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, M., Shiri, R., Shishani, K., Shiue, I., Shrime, M., Sigfusdottir, I., Silva, D., Alves Silveira, D., Silverberg, J., Simard, E., Sindi, S., Singh, A., Singh, J., Singh, P., Slepak, E., Soljak, M., Soneji, S., Sorensen, R., Sposato, L., Sreeramareddy, C., Stathopoulou, V., Steckling, N., Steel, N., Stein, D., Stein, M., Stockl, H., Stranges, S., Stroumpoulis, K., Sunguya, B., Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B., Szoeke, C., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Takahashi, K., Talongwa, R., Landon, N., Tanne, D., Tavakkoli, M., Taye, B., Taylor, H., Tedla, B., Tefera, W., Tegegne, T., Tekle, D., Terkawi, A., Thakur, J., Thomas, B., Thomas, M., Thomson, A., Thorne-Lyman, A., Thrift, A., Thurston, G., Tillmann, T., Tobe-Gai, R., Tobollik, M., Topor-Madry, R., Topouzis, F., Towbin, J., Bach, X., Dimbuene, Z., Tsilimparis, N., Tura, A., Tuzcu, E., Tyrovolas, S., Ukwaja, K., Undurraga, E., Uneke, C., Uthman, O., van Donkelaar, A., van Os, J., Varakin, Y., Vasankari, T., Veerman, J., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F., Vollset, S., Wagner, G., Waller, S., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weichenthal, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C., Wolfe, C., Won, S., Woolf, A., Wubshet, M., Xavier, D., Xu, G., Yadav, A., Yakob, B., Yalew, A., Yano, Y., Yaseri, M., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S., Younis, M., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaki, M., Zhu, J., Zipkin, B., Zodpey, S., Zuhlke, L., and Murray, C.

Published
2016

42. Tectonic geomorphology of active folding over buried reverse faults: San Emigdio Mountain front, southern San Joaquin Valley, California

Author

Keller, E. A., Seaver, D. B., Laduzinsky, D. L., Johnson, D. L., and Ku, T. L.

Subjects
California -- Natural history, Geomorphology -- California, Faults (Geology) -- California, Plate tectonics -- California, Earth sciences
Abstract

Investigation of the tectonic geomorphology of active folding over buried reverse faults at the San Emigdio Mountain front, southern San Joaquin Valley, California, provides insight concerning the tectonic and geomorphic development of mountain fronts produced by active folding and faulting. Monoclinally flexed gravels with dips as great as 50 [degrees] and a minimum age of about 65 ka provide evidence of late Pleistocene deformation at the active range front. Studies of the surface folding of alluvial fans and fluvial terraces indicate a Holocene vertical deformation rate of 1.9-3.0 m/k.y. at the active range front and 0.8-1.3 m/k.y. ~2 km basinward. Geomorphic evidence also indicates that the locus of active folding and vertical deformation along the northern flank of the San Emigdio Mountains has migrated and continues to migrate basinward. This evidence includes a relict mountain front, now within the uplifted block, 5 km from the present active mountain front, and the existence of recently initiated folds in the active alluvial fan 2 km basinward from the mountain front. Northward migration of tectonic activity results in the progressive widening of the uplifted block as the location of active folding moves basinward. This migration of tectonic activity appears to occur through the onset and subsequent increase of vertical deformation along more northerly folds and faults accompanied by reduction and eventual cessation of activity along the older, more southerly structures.

Published
2000

47. Candidate tumor suppressor, HCCS-1, is downregulated in human cancers and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer

Author

Seung Min Shin, Young Hwan Lee, Tae E. Kim, Joon Mo Lee, Jin W. Shin, Sung Eun Namkoong, Jin W. Kim, Sun Y. Shin, Ku T. Han, Seung Yong Hwang, and Yong W. Kim

Subjects
Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Programmed cell death, Tumor suppressor gene, Blotting, Western, Molecular Sequence Data, Vesicular Transport Proteins, Down-Regulation, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Apoptosis, Cytochrome c Group, Biology, Transfection, medicine.disease_cause, HeLa, medicine, Humans, Genes, Tumor Suppressor, Amino Acid Sequence, Annexin A5, Cervical cancer, Base Sequence, Caspase 3, Gene Expression Profiling, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Cell Cycle, Proteins, Blotting, Northern, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene, digestive system diseases, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Oncology, Doxorubicin, Cell culture, Caspases, Lymphatic Metastasis, Cancer research, Female, Carcinogenesis, HeLa Cells
Abstract

To identify the genes involved in cervical carcinogenesis, we applied the mRNA differential display method and identified a candidate tumor suppressor gene, HCCS-1, which was present in normal cervical tissue but absent in cervical cancer, metastatic lymph node and CUMC-6 cervical cancer cell line. HCCS-1 transcripts were expressed in many normal tissues including leukocyte, lung, spleen, liver, heart and uterine cervix. Its expression was absent in 8 human cancer cell lines. HCCS-1-transfected HeLa cells exhibited growth inhibition by about 50%. This inhibitory effect of HCCS-1 on cervical cancer cells was associated with apoptotic process including DNA fragmentation. HCCS-1-transfected HeLa cells were shown to release cytochrome c from mitochondria, which activates caspase-9 and -3 and finally results in cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Apoptosis formation was detected by propidium-iodide/annexin V. HCCS-1-transfected HeLa cells were more sensitive to adriamycin or UVC ray triggered apoptosis. These results suggest that HCCS-1 is downregulated in multiple human tumor types and may serve as a candidate tumor suppressor gene through apoptotic pathway against human cervical cancer. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2002

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results