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This work traffic light control and vehicle detection using Arduino and the IR sensor is designed to control the traffic signal by for certain time limits based on traffic in the lanes which is applicable for junctions. By using this method this would save time for people. Present day one of the serious issues is traffic congestion; therefore such systems should be moved from a manual or fixed control system to automatic control with decision making capabilities. To optimise the present-day problem, an alternate method presents the implementation of the miniature model by sensing the number of vehicles in the particular lane the time of green light can be increased, the detection of the vehicle is done by using sensors and the control action is done by microcontroller. In some cases, a lane with higher number of vehicles has a longer period of green light than a lane with a lesser number of vehicles; this can be achieved by a microcontroller and sensor. To upgrade this issue, we developed a substructure for a traffic control system in an intelligent way. Occasionally, heavy traffic at one part of a junction needs a higher time delay to green light than compared to providing timely. Therefore, redesigned a basic mechanism of the 4-way system to density-based controlling of traffic signal system in that the downtime of green and red signals are assigned in the method of the density of the vehicles present at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main idea is to develop a prototype of dual axis solar tracker with IoT integrated microcontroller. The dual axis system has an average performance ratio 9.4% higher than the fixed solar system. The energy received from solar collector depends on solar irradiance. The collection of sun rays maximized if it falls perpendicular to the solar panel. The development of this project is focused into two parts; electronic part and mechanical part. The electronic part consists of light-dependent resistors (LDRs) is to detect the position of sun depending upon the position the microcontroller unit and send the signal to mechanical part. The mechanical part is responsible for the rotation of the solar panel by using DC gear motors. The data can be stored by website integrating IoT monitoring system. The proposed system tested by implementing hardware and software and compared to a fixed solar tracker. As an outcome, proposed system shows better performance when compared with fixed solar tracker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Switched mode single-phase ac to dc converters are having positive aspects like high efficiency and power density. That paves the way for usage as common rectifiers for various applications ranging from home to industry. These converters of classical type, however, draws input ac currents which are non-sinusoidal which results into low input power factors and this causes invasion of harmonics directly to subject power lines. Harmonics have downgraded effect in the function of any electrical system and hence they need to be removed. Research conducted in the analysis of many similar techniques for input current wave modification has brought down and pointed all the drawbacks. Filters (passive) have the demerit of fixed compensation, bulky shape and resonance state. But, active filters improve the power quality of the input current and subsequently they improve the power factor. The Power Factor Correction (PFC) which is an active filter based method provides efficient means for reducing harmonics. Above circuits reduce harmonics and also they enhance power factor. This work enumerates a comparative study of two topologies (proposed) of single-phase ac-dc boost converters with enhanced power factor correction capability. Both the open and closed loop control modes are discussed for the considered two converter topologies. Simulation studies have been carried out using SIMULINK tool in MATLAB environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]