10 results on '"Kite, Cynthia"'
Search Results
2. The Stability of the Globalized Welfare State
- Author
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Kite, Cynthia and Södersten, Bo, editor
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Scandinavia faces EU : debates and decisions on membership 1961-1994
- Author
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Kite, Cynthia
- Subjects
EC/EU ,policy process ,foreign policy ,Political Science ,Statsvetenskap ,domestic structure approach ,Scandinavia ,issue area - Abstract
This study begins with the observation that three similar states - Denmark, Norway and Sweden - have had different EC/EU policies, and that one of the foreign policy literature's most interesting approaches, domestic structures analysis, does not shed light on this variation. The goal of the study is to develop an understanding of the different policies by analyzing the question of EC/EU membership using an approach in which issue area, defined in terms of both substance and impact, is linked to policy process and policy choice. Substantive issue area is studied by analyzing parliamentary debates in the three countries. An issue area typology with four substantive categories - economic, political/ policy, international/security, and other — is used to classify arguments made in the debates. The analysis shows that the question was an economic and political issue in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the 1990s. It was a security issue in Sweden in the 1960s and 1970s. It is argued that this variation helps explain variation in EC/EU policy. In particular, the findings support the argument that the importance of the substantive definition of the EC/EU question is related to the coalitional possibilities it creates. The size of the coalition has, in turn, an impact on policy process and outcome. When the coalitions are large, the process moves more quickly, and parliaments and political parties tend to be consulted or informed rather than active participants. The question of EC/EU membership is also analyzed using an impact typology in which questions are classified as generating one of three types of conflict: none, managed and unmanaged. The EC/EU membership question is classified on the basis of public opinion data and conflict or agreement within political parties. The analysis shows that there were three cases in which the EC/EU question created managed conflict: Denmark and Sweden in the 1960s and Sweden in the 1970s. In other cases, conflict was unmanaged. In an analysis of the importance of variation with regard to type of conflict, it is argued that the data support the hypothesis that the existence of unmanaged conflict is related to decisions to call referenda to decide the membership question. In the face of unmanaged conflict political elites were encouraged to give authority for decision making over to voters. This was, in turn, linked to the emergence of ad hoc organizations dedicated to influencing public opinion for or against membership. This study suggests that the issue areas approach can offer important contributions to the analysis of foreign policy. A challenge for future research is to analyze how issue areas and domestic structure interact to generate policy process and outcome. Central questions should include the relative importance of the two and analyses of the conditions under which one or the other is likely to dominate. digitalisering@umu
- Published
- 1996
4. The globalized, generous welfare state: Possibility or oxymoron?
- Author
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Kite, Cynthia, primary
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Evaluation of State Programs for International Business Development.
- Author
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Kudrie, Robert Thomas and Kite, Cynthia Marie
- Abstract
In recent years virtually all of the states have begun efforts to promote international business. They engage in a wide range of activities at home and abroad to increase state exports and to lure foreign direct investors to their states. It is somewhat surprising that only a modest amount of evaluation of these substantial efforts has taken place, and most of it sheds little light on the effects of the programs. Much activity has gone completely unrecorded, output measures abound where outcome monitoring appears possible, and little attention has been paid to causality. The article discusses the reasons that nearly all states have failed so far to produce effective evaluation and offers a series of suggestions aimed at both a more comprehensive tracking of outcomes and a more satisfactory causal linkage between outcomes and program efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Green States Green Firms?
- Author
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Kite, Cynthia
- Abstract
This paper examines corporate social responsibility (CSR) and climate change. Based on Grant's typology of green strategies -as presented in "Green Marketing Manifesto" - it compares what a set of firms do to contribute to reducing their climate impact as ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
7. Arguing Against New International Norms - a preliminary investigation.
- Author
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Wimelius, Malin and Kite, Cynthia
- Subjects
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NATION-state , *STATE, The , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Much of the growing research on how norms influence state behaviour has focused on successful norm diffusion and revealed much about the identity of norm-promoters, their strategies and their resources. Empirical research has also made it clear that norm entrepreneurs' efforts to bring about change encounter (and often provoke) resistance - both indifference and outright opposition. Broadly speaking, our interest in this paper is those who openly oppose attempts to establish new international norms. Who are these resisters? What arguments do they make? Our goal in this paper is to study resisters and their arguments in deliberations and debates at the UN. We focus on two specific cases: gender non discrimination and Responsibility to Protect. Building on the norm diffusion literature and insights from the literature on transnational advocacy networks, we develop an analytical framework that enables us to identify and categorize the arguments resisters use. We expect that many of these will be based on principled ideas. This means that we conceptualize opposition/resistance to new norms as a political struggle over which norm rather than a norm-or-no-norm struggle.Please e-mail for a full copy of the paper. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
8. Resisting Norms ? How do Actors Oppose Norm Change in International Politics?
- Author
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Kite, Cynthia and Wimelius, Malin Eklund
- Subjects
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HUMANITARIAN intervention , *SOCIAL norms , *HUMAN rights , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL conflict - Abstract
In recent years, a considerable body of research has shown that norms influence state behavior and international politics more generally. Moreover, norms are not static, but develop and change over time. It follows from this that efforts to shape and transform norms as well as what we refer to as opposition to such efforts are important aspects of international politics. This paper?s main focus is the latter ? i.e. opposition to efforts to change international norms.Research devoted to explaining how and why international norms change is large and growing. Most of it focuses on actors seeking to create new norms and/or supposedly successful examples of progressive norm change. There is much less research about opposition to norm change ? that is, research that focuses on actors who are opposed to others? efforts to bring about change. There is also a lack of research that does not implicitly view opponents as reactionary or non-progressive. As a result, research on norms can downplay or underestimate how efforts to develop new norms or change old ones are processes characterized by conflict, disagreement about values, the exercise of power and the presence of superiority/subordination in international politics: This paper seeks to address this under-researched topic. It will do so in three ways. First, we present a theoretical framework for studying opposition to norm change. Second, we use the framework to examine opposition in two cases of norm development: the responsibility to protect and women?s human rights. Finally, the paper compares and contrasts the finding of the two cases in order to evaluate the usefulness of the framework and to problematize the meaning of success and failure as regards efforts to shape and/or change international norms. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
9. International System and National Roles - Looking for a Link.
- Author
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Kite, Cynthia
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *SOCIAL role , *THEORY , *RESEARCH , *PRACTICAL politics - Abstract
Are state behavior and international politics strongly influenced by roles? If so, are these roles largely a product of domestic politics or is their production and reproduction linked to systemic factors? In this paper I assume that national roles might be important influences in international politics. I focus on two questions. The first question is what system level theories suggest about the sources and/or importance of national roles in international politics. The second is how we might develop an approach to national roles which links them to the international system rather than to domestic politics alone. I provide some tentative answers with the help of work by Lake (2005) and Holsti (1970) and discuss how this might be explored further in future research. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
10. NAFTA -- accomplishments, challenges, future directions (thinking with the help of Europe).
- Author
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Kite, Cynthia
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *RATIFICATION of treaties , *FREE trade , *SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 & economics ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement - Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the rules governing trade relations in North America underwent important changes as a result of the successful negotiation and ratification of two treaties. First came the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA) in 1987. This was followed by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ratified by Canada, Mexico and the US in 1993. CUFTA was largely absorbed into NAFTA - alternatively one might say that CUFTA was "enlarged". More than 10 years have past since NAFTA came into effect in January 1994, and numerous observers have begun to reflect over what the agreement has accomplished and how North Americanism can be protected and further developed. These reflections are usually based on a favorable view of both the agreement itself and "North Americanism" and rooted in a conviction that they need to be further developed in order to avoid the risk of stagnation, irrelevance, or even backsliding. The negative consequences of September 11 also highlighted NAFTA weaknesses and vulnerabilities. Finally, and not least, the example of European integration, which has deepened and grown considerably in the past 15 years, has encouraged reflection about the future of North American regional integration. The purpose of this paper is to think about the possibility of increased North American integration in light of what the European experience reveals about regional integration. It is obvious that the European context and experience are quite different from North America, and this often leads observers to conclude that there is little about the former that will help us understand the latter. While I do not want to argue that North American developments will mirror Europe's, I do think we gain insights from studying European developments. A considerable body of theory has been developed to explain cooperation in Europe. I will summarize what it suggests about driving forces behind integration. I also look at the empirical record of European integration. I then compare similarities and differences between the European and North American experiences. I conclude by discussing proposals for pushing North American integration further and whether recent Canadian and US elections can be expected to make any difference in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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