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Daiki Yokokawa,1 Kiyoshi Shikino,1 Yasuhiro Kishi,2 Masatomi Ikusaka1 1Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; 2Department of Psychiatry, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, JapanCorrespondence: Daiki Yokokawa, Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan, Tel/Fax +81-43-224-4758, Email dyokokawa6@gmail.comPurpose: This study aims to translate and ensure cross-cultural adaptation of a Japanese version of the INTERMED Self-Assessment Questionnaire (IMSA).Methods: A family medicine physician, a medical education specialist, a psychiatrist who prepared the Japanese version of the INTERMED, and two members of the INTERMED consortium were selected as committee members. We used the standard forward and backward translation method to translate the IMSA into Japanese. After translating the original IMSA into Japanese, all committee members discussed and reached a consensus on the proposed translation. The back-translation was performed by an English native professional translator who did not know the original text. We contacted the INTERMED consortium and asked them to review the conceptual equivalence of the back-translated Japanese version with the original version; after two reviews, the members approved the Japanese version. Thereafter, we conducted cognitive debriefings with four patients and nine healthcare professionals to ensure cross-cultural adaptation.Results: The members of the INTERMED consortium approved the use of the Japanese version. We modified some expressions and words, while retaining the original meaning, to make it easier for Japanese patients to understand.Conclusion: We developed a Japanese version of the IMSA. A future study will investigate the construct criterion-related validity and the reliability of the scale.Keywords: IMSA, Japanese version, translation, patient-case complexity

Bunta Yoshimura,1,2 Tomoya Hirota,3 Manabu Takaki,2 Yoshiki Kishi,11Department of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center, 2Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; 3Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USAPurpose: We aimed to determine which antipsychotic is most effective for the treatment of acute schizophrenia with catatonic stupor.Patients and methods: Data were obtained from the medical records of 450 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, who had received acute psychiatric inpatient treatment between January 2008 and December 2010 at our hospital. Among them, 39 patients (8.7%) met the definition of catatonic stupor during hospitalization. The diagnoses of schizophrenia in all 39 patients were reconfirmed during the maintenance phase. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of these 39 patients to investigate which antipsychotics were chosen for treatment during the period from admission to recovery from catatonia, at the time of discharge, and 12 and 30 months after discharge.Results: As compared to other antipsychotics, it was found out that use of quetiapine had better outcomes and hence was used more often. A total of 61.5% of patients were on quetiapine at the time of recovery from catatonia and 51.3% of patients were on quetiapine at the time of discharge as compared to only 17.9% of patients on quetiapine on admission. However, at 12 and 30 months after discharge, the rates had decreased to 38.4% and 25.6%. Similarly, of 29 patients who were not administered electroconvulsive therapy, quetiapine was used at significantly higher rates at the time of recovery from catatonia (48.3%) than at the time of admission (17.2%). All 39 patients had received an antipsychotic as the first-line treatment and some antipsychotics might have contributed to the development of catatonia.Conclusion: This study suggests that quetiapine is a promising agent for the treatment of schizophrenia with catatonic stupor during the acute phase.Keywords: catatonia, electroconvulsive therapy, quetiapine, schizophrenia, stupor