49 results on '"Kirsten Brown"'
Search Results
2. Singing Messiah, Then and Now: How Handel’s Singers Influenced Messiah’s Composition and Inform Modern Performances
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown
- Abstract
This article examines four performers and the music written for them in Messiah and Handel’s other works in order to explore the unique abilities that defined their voices. Understanding how those qualities impacted Messiah in composition and concept can reshape modern performances and conceptions of performers’ roles in shaping the Western canon.
- Published
- 2022
3. An analysis of anatomy education before and during Covid‐19: August–December 2020
- Author
-
Derek Harmon, Danielle C. Bentley, Jennifer Dennis, Kirsten Brown, Stefanie M. Attardi, Christopher J. Ramnanan, Barbie A. Klein, Haviva M. Goldman, Kelly M. Harrell, Malli Barremkala, and Gary J. Farkas
- Subjects
Research Report ,Embryology ,virtual anatomy ,Histology ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,coronavirus ,online anatomy ,Interactive software ,stand‐alone course ,Cadaver ,Digital resources ,remote teaching ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prosection ,Covid‐19 ,integrated curriculum ,lecture ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Anatomy education ,Dissection ,Educational Status ,Gross anatomy ,gross anatomy education ,Anatomy ,medical education ,business ,laboratory ,Academic program ,Demography - Abstract
Covid‐19 disrupted the in‐person teaching format of anatomy. To study changes in gross anatomy education that occurred August‐December, 2020 compared to before the pandemic, an online survey was distributed to anatomy educators. The 191 responses received were analyzed in total and by academic program, geographic region, and institution type. Cadaver use decreased overall (before: 74.1 ± 34.1%, during: 50.3 ± 43.0%, P < 0.0001), as well as across allopathic and osteopathic medicine, therapy, undergraduate, and veterinary programs (P < 0.05), but remained unchanged for other programs (P > 0.05). Cadaver use decreased internationally and in the US (P < 0.0001), at public and private (P < 0.0001) institutions, and among allopathic medical programs in Northeastern, Central, and Southern (P < 0.05), but not Western, US geographical regions. Laboratories during Covid‐19 were delivered through synchronous (59%), asynchronous (4%), or mixed (37%) formats (P < 0.0001) and utilized digital resources (47%), dissection (32%), and/or prosection (21%) (P < 0.0001). The practical laboratory examination persisted during Covid‐19 (P = 0.419); however, the setting and materials shifted to computer‐based (P < 0.0001) and image‐based (P < 0.0001), respectively. In‐person lecture decreased during Covid‐19 (before: 88%, during: 24%, P = 0.003). When anatomy digital resources were categorized, dissection media, interactive software, and open‐access content increased (P ≤ 0.008), with specific increases in BlueLink, Acland’s Videos, and Complete Anatomy (P < 0.05). This study provided evidence of how gross anatomy educators continued to adapt their courses past the early stages of the pandemic.
- Published
- 2022
4. The magnitude and heterogeneity of antidepressant response in depression: A meta-analysis of over 45,000 patients
- Author
-
Toby Pillinger, Sridhar Natesan, Oliver D. Howes, Kirsten Brown, Robert A. McCutcheon, Xin Guo, and Yuya Mizuno
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Mirtazapine ,Placebo ,Imipramine ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Amitriptyline ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Depression ,business.industry ,Antidepressive Agents ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Meta-analysis ,Antidepressant ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
To determine the relative variability and magnitude of symptomatic improvement in antidepressant-treated individuals compared to placebo-treated individuals, and to investigate moderating factors.Multiple databases and previous publications were searched through February 2019 to identify all randomized controlled trials comparing placebo and antidepressants in acute treatment of depression. Primary outcome was relative variability of change in symptom severity in antidepressant-treated individuals compared to placebo-treated patients quantified using the coefficient of variation ratio (CVR).Of 9389 identified records, 134 were found to be eligible (total n = 46,646). Antidepressant-treated patients showed a significantly greater magnitude (g = 0.28, 95% CI 0.25-0.30, p.0001) and lower variability (CVR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.93-0.95, p.0001) of change in symptom severity relative to placebo-treated patients. Compared to placebo antidepressant-related improvement was more uniform in older studies (z = 3.01, p = .003) and in studies where antidepressants showed greater efficacy (z = -7.21, p.0001). | Imipramine, moclobemide, amitriptyline and mirtazapine showed significantly lower CVR than several other antidepressants. However, no difference in CVR exists between multiple and single-neurotransmitter profile antidepressants (z = -0.01, p = .99).There is lower variability and greater magnitude of change in symptom severity with antidepressant treatment relative to placebo. This is not consistent with our hypothesis that there are distinct sub-groups of treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant patients with major depression. Our results in-stead suggest that antidepressants show a relatively uniform effect.
- Published
- 2020
5. Real-world clinical and cost-effectiveness of community clozapine initiation: mirror cohort study
- Author
-
Emma Butler, Toby Pillinger, Kirsten Brown, Faith Borgan, Alice Bowen, Katherine Beck, Enrico D'Ambrosio, Lisa Donaldson, Sameer Jauhar, Stephen Kaar, Tiago Reis Marques, Robert A. McCutcheon, Maria Rogdaki, Fiona Gaughran, James MacCabe, Rosalind Ramsay, David Taylor, Paul McCrone, Alice Egerton, and Oliver D. Howes
- Subjects
Cohort Studies ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Schizophrenia ,Humans ,Clozapine ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
BackgroundClozapine is the only drug licensed for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) but the real-world clinical and cost-effectiveness of community initiation of clozapine is unclear.AimsThe aim was to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of community initiation of clozapine.MethodThis was a naturalistic study of community patients recommended for clozapine treatment.ResultsOf 158 patients recommended for clozapine treatment, 88 (56%) patients agreed to clozapine initiation and, of these, 58 (66%) were successfully established on clozapine. The success rate for community initiation was 65.4%; which was not significantly different from that for in-patient initiation (58.82%, χ2(1,88) = 0.47, P = 0.49). Following clozapine initiation, there was a significant reduction in median out-patient visits over 1 year (from 24.00 (interquartile range (IQR) = 14.00–41.00) to 13.00 visits (IQR = 5.00–24.00), P < 0.001), and 2 years (from 47.50 visits (IQR = 24.75–71.00) to 22.00 (IQR = 11.00–42.00), P < 0.001), and a 74.71% decrease in psychiatric hospital bed days (z = −2.50, P = 0.01). Service-use costs decreased (1 year: –£963/patient (P < 0.001); 2 years: –£1598.10/patient (P < 0.001). Subanalyses for community-only initiation also showed significant cost reductions (1 year: –£827.40/patient (P < 0.001); 2 year: –£1668.50/patient (P < 0.001) relative to costs prior to starting clozapine. Relative to before initiation, symptom severity was improved in patients taking clozapine at discharge (median Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score: initial visit: 80 (IQR = 71.00–104.00); discharge visit 50.5 (IQR = 44.75–75.00), P < 0.001) and at 2 year follow-up (Health of Nation Outcome Scales total score median initial visit: 13.00 (IQR = 9.00–15.00); 2 year follow-up: 8.00 (IQR = 3.00–13.00), P = 0.023).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that community initiation of clozapine is feasible and is associated with significant reductions in costs, service use and symptom severity.
- Published
- 2022
6. The process of curricular integration and its effects on anatomical knowledge retention
- Author
-
Ellen F. Goldman, Juliet Lee, Tara A. Banani, Kathleen Kline, Kirsten Brown, Rosalyn A. Jurjus, and Xian Zhao
- Subjects
Histology ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Integrated curriculum ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Perception ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Humans ,Learning ,Medicine ,Curriculum ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,Class (computer programming) ,Medical education ,business.industry ,030206 dentistry ,General Medicine ,Integrated approach ,Test (assessment) ,030301 anatomy & morphology ,Anatomical knowledge ,Educational Measurement ,Anatomy ,business ,Education, Medical, Undergraduate ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Introduction Integration has been recognized as an important aspect of medical education. After transitioning from a discipline-specific to a systems-based preclinical curriculum, we examined faculty perceptions of the integrated approach and also whether it would lead to better anatomy knowledge retention. Methods To understand faculty perspectives, we reviewed curricular materials, interviewed block directors, and observed educational sessions. We analyzed knowledge retention through a 27-question anatomy test, comparing scores from the last class of the discipline-based curriculum and the first two classes of the integrated curriculum. Results Planning integrated content involves purposeful ordering, is challenging for faculty, and requires additional resources. Evaluation of the integrated approach for anatomy content demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge retention (p = .012; 56.28% vs. 63.98% for old vs. new curriculum). Conclusions This study helps the understanding of what is required for curricular integration. Our anatomy evaluation results corroborated the view that contextually embedded information is easier to learn and retain.
- Published
- 2020
7. Using ultrasound to teach living anatomy to non-medical graduate students
- Author
-
Kathleen Ogle, Rosalyn A. Jurjus, Theresa R. Bullen, Yiju Teresa Liu, and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Universities ,education ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Context (language use) ,Student engagement ,Science education ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Humans ,Learning ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Education, Graduate ,Prospective Studies ,Students ,Curriculum ,Ultrasonography ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Anatomy ,Knowledge retention ,Multimodal learning ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030301 anatomy & morphology ,Medical graduate ,Gross anatomy ,Surgery ,Educational Measurement ,business - Abstract
Ultrasound technology is used to supplement gross anatomy instruction in many medical sciences programs. However, this technology is not common practice for anatomy instruction in nonmedical graduate-level courses. Ultrasound sessions provide a clear view of local anatomy and could help graduate students transfer anatomical content from a didactic context onto a living, moving body. This approach to instruction complements the rapidly evolving technological advances in science education and may assist with spatial understanding, knowledge retention, and student engagement. The main objective of this article was to describe the methods used to incorporate ultrasound sessions into a graduate level gross anatomy course. The goal of the curricula was to use ultrasound technology to create a supplemental hands-on and engaging method of learning anatomy that would appeal to graduate students and possibly reinforce content. Graduate students participated in three interactive, 2-h-long ultrasound sessions that corresponded to their gross anatomy lecture material. Questionnaire results showed that students overwhelmingly believed that the ultrasound sessions were beneficial and that ultrasound technology should be used for anatomical instruction in graduate programs. While students found the sessions to be helpful, they sought more and longer sessions with smaller group sizes. Overall, this article describes the methods used to incorporate multimodal learning into a graduate level anatomy course and found that students supported the methods as a potentially effective and engaging way to supplement traditional gross anatomy lectures and practical laboratory sessions.
- Published
- 2020
8. The relationship between glutamate, dopamine, and cortical gray matter: A simultaneous PET-MR study
- Author
-
Antoine Rogeau, Giovanna Nordio, Mattia Veronese, Kirsten Brown, Matthew M. Nour, Martin Osugo, Sameer Jauhar, Oliver D. Howes, and Robert A. McCutcheon
- Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,Dopamine ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Humans ,Glutamic Acid ,Gray Matter ,Molecular Biology ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Corpus Striatum - Abstract
Prefrontal cortex has been shown to regulate striatal dopaminergic function via glutamatergic mechanisms in preclinical studies. Concurrent disruption of these systems is also often seen in neuropsychiatric disease. The simultaneous measurement of striatal dopamine signaling, cortical gray matter, and glutamate levels is therefore of major interest, but has not been previously reported. In the current study, twenty-eight healthy subjects underwent 2 simultaneous [11C]-( + )-PHNO PET-MRI scans, once after placebo and once after amphetamine in a double-blind randomized cross-over design, to measure striatal dopamine release, striatal dopamine receptor (D2/3R) availability, anterior cingulate glutamate+glutamine (Glx) levels, and cortical gray matter volumes at the same time. Voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate associations between neurochemical measures and gray matter volumes. Whole striatum D2/3R availability was positively associated with prefrontal cortex gray matter volume (pFWE corrected = 0.048). This relationship was mainly driven by associative receptor availability (pFWE corrected = 0.023). In addition, an interaction effect was observed between sensorimotor striatum D2/3R availability and anterior cingulate Glx, such that in individuals with greater anterior cingulate Glx concentrations, D2/3R availability was negatively associated with right frontal cortex gray matter volumes, while a positive D2/3R-gray matter association was observed in individuals with lower anterior cingulate Glx levels (pFWE corrected = 0.047). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex is involved in regulation of striatal dopamine function. Furthermore, the observed associations raise the possibility that this regulation may be modulated by anterior cingulate glutamate concentrations.
- Published
- 2022
9. Shifts in Digital Resources Usage for Gross Anatomy Education During Covid‐19
- Author
-
Derek Harmon, Danielle C. Bentley, Kelly M. Harrell, Haviva M. Goldman, Stefanie M. Attardi, Kirsten Brown, Gary J. Farkas, Malli Barremkala, Christopher J. Ramnanan, Barbie A. Klein, and Jennifer Dennis
- Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,Genetics ,Digital resources ,Gross anatomy ,Education Platform Session #1 ,Anatomy ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Data science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Covid‐19 has led to sudden changes to gross anatomy education when traditional dissection‐based laboratories had to shift towards virtual modalities due to physical distancing and remote learning requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine how the use of digital teaching resources in gross anatomy education changed from before to during Covid‐19. MATERIAL/METHODS: Data were obtained from an IRB‐approved survey distributed to professional associations and listservs targeting anatomy educators from June to November 2020. Respondents were asked to select the digital resources they used before and during Covid‐19. Data were analyzed during the early and latter parts of the pandemic as May‐August (T1) and August‐December (T2), as well as overall (T3). T2 data were classified into five categories: 2D illustrations, dissection media, interactive software, in‐house, and open access. Total usage for each timepoint, the proportions of digital resources, and the 5 categories before and during Covid‐19 were compared using McNemar's test with alpha0.05). When data for T2 were categorized, dissection media (+44%), interactive software (+87%), and open‐access (+100%) content increased (P≤0.008), while 2D illustrations (‐3%) and in‐house content (‐23%) decreased (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates sustained increases in digital resource usage for gross anatomy education during Covid‐19. This was particularly pronounced for interactive software, open access resources and dissection media that allowed educators to mimic features of a dissection lab. SIGNIFICANCE: These rapid shifts in both commercial and free digital resources are likely to drive innovation in anatomy education for years to come. It remains unknown if the current findings are transient Covid‐19‐related changes or if they will persist long‐term.
- Published
- 2021
10. Unmasking the Structure of Gross Anatomy Laboratory Sessions During Covid‐19
- Author
-
Jennifer Dennis, Malli Barremkala, Stefanie M. Attardi, Christopher J. Ramnanan, Barbie A. Klein, Danielle C. Bentley, Kirsten Brown, Derek Harmon, Kelly M. Harrell, Gary J. Farkas, and Haviva M. Goldman
- Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Genetics ,Gross anatomy ,Anatomy ,Psychology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,Anatomy Education: Teaching Methods & Innovations - Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Covid‐19 created immediate challenges to anatomy education. The traditional format of gross laboratory sessions experienced a direct impact and few reports documented curricular delivery changes specific to laboratory format. The purpose of this study was to assess the adaptations incorporated in gross anatomy laboratories by anatomists, during May‐August 2020, in response to Covid‐19. MATERIALS/METHODS Data were collected through the IRB‐approved Virtual Anatomy During Covid‐19 survey that consisted of 20 questions, including open‐ended prompts asking participants to describe the structure of a “typical” laboratory session during Covid‐19. Responses were solicited from professional anatomy associations during June 2020. Open‐ended responses describing anatomy laboratory teaching methods used during Covid‐19 were coded. Descriptive codes were applied to the data according to published methods to summarize verbatim responses. Responses were tabulated and converted to frequencies and percentages. Chi square test assessed differences among the responses when applicable. Alpha
- Published
- 2021
11. Changes in Anatomy Lecture and Laboratory Instruction During Covid‐19
- Author
-
Derek Harmon, Jennifer Dennis, Kirsten Brown, Christopher J. Ramnanan, Joan T. Richtsmeier, Malli Barremkala, Kelly M. Harrell, Stefanie M. Attardi, Gary J. Farkas, Haviva M. Goldman, Danielle C. Bentley, and Barbie A. Klein
- Subjects
Medical education ,Engineering ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Genetics ,Anatomy ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Anatomy Education: Teaching Methods & Innovations ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Introduction/Objective Covid‐19 created challenges to anatomy education, particularly gross anatomy given the traditional in‐person format of lectures and lab. The objective of this study was to assess the changes in lecture methods and lab materials used in anatomy courses that ran between May‐August (T1) and August‐December (T2) 2020 responding to Covid‐19 restrictions. Materials/Methods A survey was distributed to anatomy educators through professional associations from June‐November 2020. Respondents indicated (1) their institution; (2) programs taught (professional health (PH), medicine (MED), or undergraduate (UG)); (3) course type (integrated or stand‐alone); (4) percentage of lab time before and during Covid‐19 that utilized cadaveric, plastic, and/or other teaching materials; and (5) lecture format. Institutions were classified as public or private via institution websites. Mann‐Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests with Bonferroni correction compared responses before and during Covid‐19 across programs, course type, and institution. Data are presented as percent increase (+value) or decrease (‐value). Alpha0.05), except UG decreased plastic usage during T2 (‐20%; P=0.033). During T1 and T2, use of other teaching materials increased in PH (+1180% & +278%), MED (+385% & +1000%), and UG (+285% & +246%) (P≤0.015); stand‐alone (+920% & +540%, P
- Published
- 2021
12. Dopaminergic organization of striatum is linked to cortical activity and brain expression of genes associated with psychiatric illness
- Author
-
Sameer Jauhar, Mattia Veronese, Kirsten Brown, Mitul M. Mehta, William Hallett, Matthew M. Nour, Martin Osugo, Fernando Zelaya, Robert A. McCutcheon, Stephen M. Smith, and Oliver D. Howes
- Subjects
Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Dopamine ,Diseases and Disorders ,Striatum ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Premovement neuronal activity ,Humans ,Bipolar disorder ,Receptor ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Mental Disorders ,Dopaminergic ,Brain ,SciAdv r-articles ,medicine.disease ,Corpus Striatum ,nervous system ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Schizophrenia ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,Research Article - Abstract
Simultaneous PET-MRI illustrates the relationship between striatal dopamine and cortical activity., Dopamine signaling is constrained to discrete tracts yet has brain-wide effects on neural activity. The nature of this relationship between local dopamine signaling and brain-wide neuronal activity is not clearly defined and has relevance for neuropsychiatric illnesses where abnormalities of cortical activity and dopamine signaling coexist. Using simultaneous PET-MRI in healthy volunteers, we find strong evidence that patterns of striatal dopamine signaling and cortical blood flow (an index of local neural activity) contain shared information. This shared information links amphetamine-induced changes in gradients of striatal dopamine receptor availability to changes in brain-wide blood flow and is informed by spatial patterns of gene expression enriched for genes implicated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. These results advance our knowledge of the relationship between cortical function and striatal dopamine, with relevance for understanding pathophysiology and treatment of diseases in which simultaneous aberrations of these systems exist.
- Published
- 2021
13. Effect of neighborhood and individual-level socioeconomic factors on breast cancer screening adherence in a multi-ethnic study
- Author
-
Gillian Kasper, Mahsa Momen, Kristen A. Sorice, Kiara N. Mayhand, Elizabeth A. Handorf, Evelyn T. Gonzalez, Amie Devlin, Kirsten Brownstein, Nestor Esnaola, Susan G. Fisher, and Shannon M. Lynch
- Subjects
Breast cancer screening ,Neighborhood ,Health disparities ,Social determinants of health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Although mammography can significantly reduce breast cancer mortality, many women do not receive their annual breast cancer screening. Differences in screening adherence exist by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and insurance status. However, more detailed investigations into the impact of neighborhood disadvantage and access to resources on screening adherence are lacking. Methods We comprehensively examined the effect of individual social, economic, and demographic factors (n = 34 variables), as well as neighborhood level SES (nSES) indicators (n = 10 variables) on breast cancer screening adherence across a multi-ethnic population (n = 472). In this cross-sectional study, participants were surveyed from 2017 to 2018. The data was analyzed using univariate regression and LASSO for variable reduction. Significant predictors were carried forward into final multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression models where odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals and p-values were reported. Results Nineteen percent of participants were non-adherent to breast screening guidelines. Race/ethnicity was not associated with adherence; however, increasing age (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.95–0.99, p = 0.01), renting a home (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.30–0.94, p = 0.04), food insecurity (OR 0.46, 95%CI = 0.22–0.94, p = 0.01), and overcrowding (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.32–0.94, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with lower breast cancer screening adherence. Conclusion Socioeconomic indicators at the individual and neighborhood levels impact low breast cancer screening adherence and may help to inform future screening interventions.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A Pre-matriculation Success Program to Improve Pharmacy Students' Academic Performance at a Historically Black University
- Author
-
Emmanuel O. Akala, Mary Awuonda, Kirsten Brown, La’Marcus T. Wingate, Celia Williams-Fowlkes, Toyin Tofade, and Salome Bwayo Weaver
- Subjects
Matriculation ,Medical education ,Descriptive statistics ,Universities ,business.industry ,Research ,education ,Voluntary participation ,Pharmacy ,General Medicine ,Pharmacy school ,Education ,Students, Pharmacy ,Education, Pharmacy ,Health care ,Workforce ,Academic Performance ,Humans ,Multiple linear regression analysis ,Educational Measurement ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Psychology ,business ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Objective. The Pharmacy Biomedical Preview program is a five-week summer academic reinforcement program held for students entering the Howard University College of Pharmacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the program and preadmission factors on pharmacy students’ first semester academic performance. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of students entering the preview program from 2012 to 2015. The primary outcome assessed was first semester grade point average (GPA). Descriptive statistics of all study variables were conducted. Bivariable analyses were used to compare students by program status. Pearson correlations and point biserial R were conducted to evaluate which factors were associated with the first semester GPA. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate whether participation in the preview program predicted GPA during the first semester in pharmacy school after adjusting for other factors. All analyses were conducted using SPSS, version 23, at an alpha of .05. Results. Incoming overall undergraduate GPA was the strongest predictor of students’ first semester GPA in pharmacy school, followed by participation in the Pharmacy Biomedical Preview Program. After adjusting for other factors, mandatory participation in the program was associated with a higher first semester GPA, and voluntary participation in the program was also associated with a first semester GPA that was higher. Conclusion. Findings from this study indicated that implementation of a pre-matriculation success program at a college of pharmacy in a historically Black institution is a viable strategy to improve students’ academic success in the first year.
- Published
- 2020
15. A review of U.S. Medical schools' promotion standards for educational excellence
- Author
-
Stacey Dunham, Jason Mussell, Kathryn M. DeVeau, Jessica Byram, Adam B. Wilson, Rebecca S. Lufler, Nicole DeVaul, Leslie A. Hoffman, Lawrence M Fatica, and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Medical education ,Educational measurement ,Faculty, Medical ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Rank (computer programming) ,General Medicine ,United States ,Education ,law.invention ,Scholarship ,Career Mobility ,Leadership ,Promotion (rank) ,Documentation ,law ,Excellence ,Phenomenon ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,CLARITY ,Humans ,Fellowships and Scholarships ,Psychology ,Schools, Medical ,media_common - Abstract
Phenomenon: Given the growing number of medical science educators, an examination of institutions' promotion criteria related to educational excellence and scholarship is timely. This study investigates the extent to which medical schools' promotion criteria align with published standards for documenting and evaluating educational activities. Approach: This document analysis systematically analyzed promotion and tenure (PT 52 of 120) documented a well-defined education-related pathway for advancement in academic rank. Across five education-specific domains, only 24% (12 of 50) of the investigated criteria were referenced by at least half of the schools. The least represented domain within P&T documents was "Educational Measurement and Evaluation." P&T documents for 47% of schools were rated as "below average" or "very vague" in their clarity/specificity. Insights: Less than 10% of U.S. medical schools have thoroughly embraced published recommendations for documenting and evaluating educational excellence. This raises concern for medical educators who may be evaluated for promotion based on vague or incomplete promotion criteria. With greater awareness of how educational excellence is currently documented and how promotion criteria can be improved, education-focused faculty can better recognize gaps in their own documentation practices, and more schools may be encouraged to embrace change and align with published recommendations.
- Published
- 2019
16. Breaking with Tradition: A Scoping Meta-Analysis Analyzing the Effects of Student-Centered Learning and Computer-Aided Instruction on Student Performance in Anatomy
- Author
-
Corinne H. Miller, Michael Goodwin, Melissa A. Taylor, Adam B. Wilson, Kirsten Brown, Eve K. Boyle, Barbie A. Klein, Chantal Christiana Hoppe, Michelle D. Lazarus, and Jonathan Misch
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Program evaluation ,Embryology ,education.field_of_study ,Histology ,020205 medical informatics ,Teaching method ,Knowledge level ,education ,Population ,Educational technology ,Computer-Assisted Instruction ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Meta-analysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,030101 anatomy & morphology ,Psychology - Abstract
While prior meta-analyses in anatomy education have explored the effects of laboratory pedagogies and histology media on learner performance, the effects of student-centered learning (SCL) and computer-aided instruction (CAI) have not been broadly evaluated. This research sought to answer the question, "How effective are student-centered pedagogies and CAI at increasing student knowledge gains in anatomy compared to traditional didactic approaches?" Relevant studies published within the past 51 years were searched using five databases. Predetermined eligibility criteria were applied to the screening of titles and abstracts to discern their appropriateness for study inclusion. A summary effect size was estimated to determine the effects of SCL and CAI on anatomy performance outcomes. A moderator analysis of study features was also performed. Of the 3,035 records screened, 327 underwent full-text review. Seven studies, which comprised 1,564 participants, were included in the SCL analysis. An additional 19 studies analyzed the effects of CAI in the context of 2,570 participants. Upon comparing SCL to traditional instruction, a small positive effect on learner performance was detected (standardized mean difference (SMD = 0.24; [CI = 0.07, 0.42]; P = 0.006). Likewise, students with CAI exposure moderately outscored those with limited or no access to CAI (SMD = 0.59; [CI = 0.20, 0.98]; P = 0.003). Further analysis of CAI studies identified effects (P ≤ 0.001) for learner population, publication period, interventional approach, and intervention frequency. Overall, learners exposed to SCL and supplemental CAI outperformed their more classically-trained peers as evidenced by increases in short-term knowledge gains. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.
- Published
- 2018
17. A meta-analysis of anatomy laboratory pedagogies
- Author
-
Melissa A. Taylor, Adam B. Wilson, Barbie A. Klein, Chantal Christiana Hoppe, Corinne H. Miller, Kirsten Brown, Michelle D. Lazarus, Michael Goodwin, and Eve K. Boyle
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Educational measurement ,education.field_of_study ,Histology ,Modalities ,020205 medical informatics ,business.industry ,Population ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dissection ,Summative assessment ,Meta-analysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Medicine ,030101 anatomy & morphology ,Prosection ,education ,business - Abstract
The debate regarding anatomy laboratory teaching approaches is ongoing and controversial. To date, the literature has yielded only speculative conclusions because of general methodological weaknesses and a lack of summative empirical evidence. Through a meta-analysis, this study compared the effectiveness of instructional laboratory approaches used in anatomy education to objectively and more conclusively synthesize the existing literature. Studies published between January 1965 and December 2015 were searched through five databases. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved records were screened using eligibility criteria to determine their appropriateness for study inclusion. Only numerical data were extracted for analysis. A summary effect size was estimated to determine the effects of laboratory pedagogies on learner performance and perceptions data were compiled to provide additional context. Of the 3,035 records screened, 327 underwent full-text review. Twenty-seven studies, comprising a total of 7,731 participants, were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis detected no effect (standardized mean difference = -0.03; 95% CI = -0.16 to 0.10; P = 0.62) on learner performance. Additionally, a moderator analysis detected no effects (P ≥ 0.16) for study design, learner population, intervention length, or specimen type. Across studies, student performance on knowledge examinations was equivalent regardless of being exposed to either dissection or another laboratory instructional strategy. This was true of every comparison investigated (i.e., dissection vs. prosection, dissection vs. digital media, dissection vs. models/modeling, and dissection vs. hybrid). In the context of short-term knowledge gains alone, dissection is no better, and no worse, than alternative instructional modalities. Clin. Anat. 31:122-133, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2017
18. A review of U.S. medical schools promotion standards for excellence in education
- Author
-
Leslie A. Hoffman, Lawrence M Fatica, Adam B. Wilson, Kirsten Brown, Rebecca S. Lufler, Kathryn M. DeVeau, Stacey Dunham, Jason Mussell, Jessica Byram, and Nicole DeVaul
- Subjects
Medical education ,Promotion (rank) ,Excellence ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Genetics ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,media_common - Published
- 2019
19. Curricular response to increase recall and transfer of anatomical knowledge into the obstetrics/gynecology clerkship
- Author
-
Ellen F. Goldman, Gisela Butera, Kirsten Brown, Jill M. Krapf, Artin Galoosian, and Rosalyn A. Jurjus
- Subjects
Clinical clerkship ,Embryology ,Medical education ,Histology ,020205 medical informatics ,Recall ,business.industry ,Instructional design ,education ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Test (assessment) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Obstetrics and gynaecology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Gross anatomy ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Anatomy ,business ,Curriculum ,Multiple choice - Abstract
Deficits in retention of anatomy knowledge from the preclinical years to clinical application on the wards have been well documented in the medical education literature. We developed and evaluated a web and laboratory-based curriculum to address deficits in anatomy knowledge retention and to increase anatomy knowledge recall through repetition and application of clinical concepts during the obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) core clinical clerkship. Using principles of adult learning and instructional design, a curriculum was designed consisting of (1) interactive, case-based e-modules reviewing clinically relevant anatomical topics and (2) a hands-on laboratory session reinforcing the content of the e-modules, with the practice of clinical techniques using anatomical cadaveric dissections. The curriculum's effectiveness was evaluated by using multiple choice testing and comparing baseline and final test scores. For questions testing content directly covered in this curriculum, mean final scores increased by 14.3% (P
- Published
- 2015
20. Medical Faculty’s Perception of the Use of Altmetrics
- Author
-
Jessica Byram, Michelle D. Lazarus, Adam B. Wilson, and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Medical education ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Genetics ,Altmetrics ,Psychology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,media_common - Published
- 2020
21. How do medical students utilize Instagram to facilitate their anatomy learning during the preclinical years?
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Genetics ,medicine ,Medical physics ,Psychology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2020
22. Evaluating the Use of 3D Printed Models in Graduate and Undergraduate Human Neuroanatomy Courses
- Author
-
Ramin Javan, Kathryn M. DeVeau, Cullen Fleming, Marc R. Spencer, and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Engineering ,3d printed ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business.industry ,Genetics ,Mathematics education ,medicine ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,Neuroanatomy - Published
- 2020
23. Recurrence +/- Metastasis following Iron Therapy versus Pre-operative Blood Transfusion in Proximal Colorectal Cancers
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown, Kashuf Khan, Deepak Singh-Ranger, Oliver Williams, and Sofea Zaid
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood transfusion ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Pre operative ,Surgery ,Metastasis ,Oncology ,medicine ,business ,Iron therapy - Published
- 2019
24. Gender bias in authorship in the Anatomical Record and Anatomical Sciences Education journals
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown and Melani Olivares
- Subjects
Genetics ,Gender bias ,Anatomical science ,Psychology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,Developmental psychology - Published
- 2018
25. Utilizing Social Networking Sites and Educational Videos in Public Outreach and the Classroom
- Author
-
Kathryn M. DeVeau, Angela Pena, and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Outreach ,business.industry ,Genetics ,Sociology ,Public relations ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2018
26. Touch, taste, smell
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Aesthetics ,Visitor pattern ,Taste (sociology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychology ,media_common - Published
- 2018
27. Selective pressures in the human bony pelvis: Decoupling sexual dimorphism in the anterior and posterior spaces
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Sexual dimorphism ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anthropology ,Bony pelvis ,Obstetrical dilemma ,Biomechanics ,medicine ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Pelvis ,Phys anthropol - Abstract
Objectives Sexual dimorphism in the human bony pelvis is commonly assumed to be related to the intensity of obstetrical selective pressures. With intense obstetrical selective pressures, there should be greater shape dimorphism; with minimal obstetrical selective pressures, there should be reduced shape dimorphism. This pattern is seen in the nondimorphic anterior spaces and highly dimorphic posterior spaces. Decoupling sexual dimorphism in these spaces may in turn be related to the differential influence of other selective pressures, such as biomechanical ones. Materials and Methods The relationship between sexual dimorphism and selective pressures in the human pelvis was examined using five skeletal samples (total female n = 101; male n = 103). Pelvic shape was quantified by collecting landmark coordinate data on articulated pelves. Euclidean distance matrix analysis was used to extract the distances that defined the anterior and posterior pelvic spaces. Sex and body mass were used as proxies for obstetrical and biomechanical selective pressures, respectively. Results MANCOVA analyses demonstrate significant effects of sex and body mass on distances in both the anterior and the posterior spaces. A comparison of the relative contribution of shape variance attributed to each of these factors suggests that the posterior space is more influenced by sex, and obstetrics by proxy, whereas the anterior space is more influenced by body mass, and biomechanics by proxy. Conclusions Although the overall shape of the pelvis has been influenced by obstetrical and biomechanical selective pressures, there is a differential response within the pelvis to these factors. These results provide new insight into the ongoing debate on the obstetrical dilemma hypothesis. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:428–440, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2015
28. Accessibility and Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown
- Abstract
This chapter contributes to important conversations about accessibility in higher education by examining legal issues that shape experiences of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The chapter begins by outlining the relationship between reasonable accommodations and academic success. Then, it provides an overview of ASD in relation to postsecondary education. A substantive portion of the chapter delineates current legal topics, including federal law, case law, and Office of Civil Rights (OCR) letters. Functional limitations associated with ASD are social or sensory in nature. However, legal precedent in the United States defines the major life activity of learning in a manner that does not usually include these components, thereby limiting access to sensory and social accommodations. The chapter concludes by discussing Title IX and students with ASD that experience sexual assault, the value of neurodiversity, and future implications for accessibility as the number of students with ASD in postsecondary education increases.
- Published
- 2017
29. A meta-analysis of anatomy laboratory pedagogies
- Author
-
Adam B, Wilson, Corinne H, Miller, Barbie A, Klein, Melissa A, Taylor, Michael, Goodwin, Eve K, Boyle, Kirsten, Brown, Chantal, Hoppe, and Michelle, Lazarus
- Subjects
Models, Anatomic ,Audiovisual Aids ,Dissection ,Teaching ,Cadaver ,Humans ,Learning ,Educational Measurement ,Anatomy ,Laboratories - Abstract
The debate regarding anatomy laboratory teaching approaches is ongoing and controversial. To date, the literature has yielded only speculative conclusions because of general methodological weaknesses and a lack of summative empirical evidence. Through a meta-analysis, this study compared the effectiveness of instructional laboratory approaches used in anatomy education to objectively and more conclusively synthesize the existing literature. Studies published between January 1965 and December 2015 were searched through five databases. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved records were screened using eligibility criteria to determine their appropriateness for study inclusion. Only numerical data were extracted for analysis. A summary effect size was estimated to determine the effects of laboratory pedagogies on learner performance and perceptions data were compiled to provide additional context. Of the 3,035 records screened, 327 underwent full-text review. Twenty-seven studies, comprising a total of 7,731 participants, were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis detected no effect (standardized mean difference = -0.03; 95% CI = -0.16 to 0.10; P = 0.62) on learner performance. Additionally, a moderator analysis detected no effects (P ≥ 0.16) for study design, learner population, intervention length, or specimen type. Across studies, student performance on knowledge examinations was equivalent regardless of being exposed to either dissection or another laboratory instructional strategy. This was true of every comparison investigated (i.e., dissection vs. prosection, dissection vs. digital media, dissection vs. models/modeling, and dissection vs. hybrid). In the context of short-term knowledge gains alone, dissection is no better, and no worse, than alternative instructional modalities. Clin. Anat. 31:122-133, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2017
30. Application of Off-Rate Screening in the Identification of Novel Pan-Isoform Inhibitors of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase
- Author
-
Stephen Stokes, Patrick C. Mahon, Alan D. Robertson, Jalanie D’Alessandro, Paul Webb, Charles Parry, Lisa Baker, Natalia Matassova, Nicholas G. M. Davies, Sean McKenna, Andrew Massey, Rachel Parsons, Yikang Wang, Macias Alba, Paul Brough, Ben Davis, Michael Wood, Simon Bedford, Jonathan D. Moore, Christopher J. Northfield, Loic le Strat, Stephen D. Roughley, Daniel Maddox, Seema Chavda, James Brooke Murray, Allan E. Surgenor, Johannes W. G. Meissner, Terry Shaw, Heather Simmonite, Stefaniak Emma Jayne, Victoria Chell, Neil Whitehead, and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Models, Molecular ,Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1 ,Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase ,Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,Transferase ,Humans ,Protein Isoforms ,HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Phosphorylation ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase ,Hit to lead ,Molecular biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Drug Design ,Molecular Medicine ,Adenosine triphosphate - Abstract
Libraries of nonpurified resorcinol amide derivatives were screened by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine the binding dissociation constant (off-rate, kd) for compounds binding to the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) enzyme. Parallel off-rate measurements against HSP90 and application of structure-based drug design enabled rapid hit to lead progression in a program to identify pan-isoform ATP-competitive inhibitors of PDHK. Lead optimization identified selective sub-100-nM inhibitors of the enzyme which significantly reduced phosphorylation of the E1α subunit in the PC3 cancer cell line in vitro.
- Published
- 2017
31. Anatomical knowledge retention in third-year medical students prior to obstetrics and gynecology and surgery rotations
- Author
-
Ellen F. Goldman, Jill M. Krapf, Juliet Lee, Rosalyn A. Jurjus, Kirsten Brown, Samantha L. Ahle, and Gisela Butera
- Subjects
Embryology ,Medical education ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pelvic organ ,Histology ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Knowledge level ,education ,General Medicine ,Interactive Learning ,Obstetrics and gynaecology ,Anatomical knowledge ,Cohort ,medicine ,Anatomy ,business ,Curriculum ,Competence (human resources) - Abstract
Surgical anatomy is taught early in medical school training. The literature shows that many physicians, especially surgical specialists, think that anatomical knowledge of medical students is inadequate and nesting of anatomical sciences later in the clinical curriculum may be necessary. Quantitative data concerning this perception of an anatomical knowledge deficit are lacking, as are specifics as to what content should be reinforced. This study identifies baseline areas of strength and weakness in the surgical anatomy knowledge of medical students entering surgical rotations. Third-year medical students completed a 20–25-question test at the beginning of the General Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynecology rotations. Knowledge of inguinal anatomy (45.3%), orientation in abdominal cavity (38.8%), colon (27.7%), and esophageal varices (12.8%) was poor. The numbers in parentheses are the percentage of questions answered correctly per topic. In comparing those scores to matched test items from this cohort as first-year students in the anatomy course, the drop in retention overall was very significant (P = 0.009) from 86.9 to 51.5%. Students also scored lower in questions relating to pelvic organs (46.7%), urogenital development (54.0%), pulmonary development (17.8%), and pregnancy (17.8%). These data showed that indeed, knowledge of surgical anatomy is poor for medical students entering surgical clerkships. These data collected will be utilized to create interactive learning modules, aimed at improving clinically relevant anatomical knowledge retention. These modules, which will be available to students during their inpatient surgical rotations, connect basic anatomy principles to clinical cases, with the ultimate goal of closing the anatomical knowledge gap. Anat Sci Educ 7: 461–468. © 2014 American Association of Anatomists.
- Published
- 2014
32. Can anatomists teach living anatomy using ultrasound as a teaching tool?
- Author
-
Frank Slaby, Hamid Shokoohi, Yiju Teresa Liu, Kathryn Dimorier, Rosalyn A. Jurjus, Keith S. Boniface, and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Embryology ,Medical education ,Educational measurement ,Histology ,Instructional design ,business.industry ,Teaching method ,education ,Ultrasound ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Session (web analytics) ,Teaching tool ,Helpfulness ,Gross anatomy ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
The utilization of bedside ultrasound by an increasing number of medical specialties has created the need for more ultrasound exposure and teaching in medical school. Although there is a widespread support for more vertical integration of ultrasound teaching throughout the undergraduate curriculum, little is known about whether the quality of ultrasound teaching differs if performed by anatomists or clinicians. The purpose of this study is to compare medical students' evaluation of ultrasound anatomy teaching by clinicians and anatomists. Hands-on interactive ultrasound sessions were scheduled as part of the gross anatomy course following principles of adult learning and instructional design. Seven teachers (three anatomists and four clinicians) taught in each session. Before each session, anatomists were trained in ultrasound by clinicians. Students were divided into groups, rotated teachers between sessions, and completed evaluations. Results indicated students perceived the two groups as comparable for all factors except for knowledge organization and the helpfulness of ultrasound for understanding anatomy (P
- Published
- 2013
33. Hydro-ecological effects of changing Arctic river and lake ice covers: a review
- Author
-
Terry D. Prowse and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Hydrology (agriculture) ,Arctic ,Productivity (ecology) ,Habitat ,Ecology ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Climate change ,Environmental science ,Spatial variability ,Circumpolar star ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Freshwater ice is an integral part of the hydrologic regimes of cold environments. It controls the ecology of related aquatic systems and is important economically, through the facilitation of winter transport and via generation of extreme hydrologic events. Given projected changes in future climate, concern has been raised about related changes in freshwater ice. This paper reviews the status and trends in records of lake and river ice around the circumpolar North from traditional observations, remote sensing and paleo-sources. The temporal and spatial variability in trends are evaluated with relation to climatic conditions. Rapid changes experienced in freeze-up and break-up timing for high-latitude lakes, compared to those at more southerly locations, are particularly notable. Also considered are the nature and implications of changes in future freshwater-ice regimes that will have cascading effects on cold-region hydrology and a suite of hydro-ecological conditions including UV radiation receipts, habitat quality and availability, fisheries productivity and contaminant pathways. Overall, the duration and event timing of river and lake ice are proving to be useful indicators of climate change. Considering the scope and significance of ice-cover changes on northern hydro-ecology, a recommendation is made to place more emphasis on long-term and spatially diverse monitoring of freshwater ice.
- Published
- 2010
34. Curricular response to increase recall and transfer of anatomical knowledge into the obstetrics/gynecology clerkship
- Author
-
Rosalyn A, Jurjus, Kirsten, Brown, Ellen, Goldman, Artin, Galoosian, Gisela, Butera, and Jill M, Krapf
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Obstetrics ,Young Adult ,Students, Medical ,Gynecology ,Humans ,Female ,Curriculum ,Anatomy - Abstract
Deficits in retention of anatomy knowledge from the preclinical years to clinical application on the wards have been well documented in the medical education literature. We developed and evaluated a web and laboratory-based curriculum to address deficits in anatomy knowledge retention and to increase anatomy knowledge recall through repetition and application of clinical concepts during the obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) core clinical clerkship. Using principles of adult learning and instructional design, a curriculum was designed consisting of (1) interactive, case-based e-modules reviewing clinically relevant anatomical topics and (2) a hands-on laboratory session reinforcing the content of the e-modules, with the practice of clinical techniques using anatomical cadaveric dissections. The curriculum's effectiveness was evaluated by using multiple choice testing and comparing baseline and final test scores. For questions testing content directly covered in this curriculum, mean final scores increased by 14.3% (P 0.001). In contrast, for questions not directly addressed in this curriculum, mean final scores did not increase significantly, only by 6.0% (P = 0.31). Questions related to the uterus showed the greatest gains in final scores (30.3% improvement, P = 0.002). A curriculum with web-based preparatory material and a hands-on gross anatomy laboratory session effectively addresses deficits in anatomy retention and improves anatomical knowledge recall for medical students on a clinical clerkship. In the future, the authors plan to conduct a multicenter study to further evaluate the ability of this curriculum to improve clinically relevant anatomical knowledge. Anat Sci Educ 9: 337-343. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
- Published
- 2015
35. Improving Anatomical Knowledge through Interactive Modules on the OB/GYN Clinical Clerkship
- Author
-
Gisela Butera, Artin Galoosian, Kirsten Brown, Rosalyn A. Jurjus, Jill M. Krapf, and Ellen F. Goldman
- Subjects
Clinical clerkship ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Anatomical knowledge ,Genetics ,medicine ,Medical physics ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2015
36. A TEST OF THE CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENT MODEL OF SPECIATION IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA
- Author
-
Mohamed A. F. Noor, Loren M. Henagan, Kirsten Brown, and Lisa M. Burk
- Subjects
Genotype ,Sterility ,Allopatric speciation ,Chromosomal rearrangement ,California ,Gene flow ,Drosophila pseudoobscura ,Species Specificity ,Genetics ,Animals ,Selection, Genetic ,Crosses, Genetic ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Drosophila persimilis ,Chromosome Aberrations ,Models, Genetic ,biology ,Reproduction ,fungi ,Reproductive isolation ,biology.organism_classification ,Evolutionary biology ,Sympatric speciation ,Drosophila ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Recent studies suggest that chromosomal rearrangements play a significant role in speciation by preventing recombination and maintaining species persistence despite interspecies gene flow. Factors conferring adaptation or reproductive isolation are maintained in rearranged regions in the face of hybridization, while such factors are eliminated from collinear regions. As a direct test of this rearrangement model, we evaluated the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility in a sympatric species pair, Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, and an allopatric species pair, D. pseudoobscura bogotana and D. persimilis. Our results are consistent with the proposed model: virtually all of the sterility factors in the former pair are associated with three inverted regions, whereas sterility factors are present in the collinear regions in the latter pair. These findings indicate recombination and selection may have eliminated sterility factors outside the inverted regions between D. p. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, suggesting chromosomal rearrangements may facilitate species persistence despite hybridization.
- Published
- 2004
37. Student perception of premedical coursework in the anatomical sciences (535.3)
- Author
-
Rosalyn A. Jurjus, Steven J Harrison, and Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Medical education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Biochemistry ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Work (electrical) ,Coursework ,Perception ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Genetics ,Anatomical science ,Psychology ,Molecular Biology ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,Biotechnology ,media_common - Abstract
A common assumption among anatomy educators is that students take upper-level undergraduate anatomy courses to excel in post-graduate work in the health sciences; however, the motivations of these ...
- Published
- 2014
38. Can anatomists teach living anatomy using ultrasound as a teaching tool?
- Author
-
Rosalyn A, Jurjus, Kathryn, Dimorier, Kirsten, Brown, Frank, Slaby, Hamid, Shokoohi, Keith, Boniface, and Yiju Teresa, Liu
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Young Adult ,Students, Medical ,Teaching ,Humans ,Learning ,Anatomists ,Female ,Educational Measurement ,Anatomy ,Ultrasonography - Abstract
The utilization of bedside ultrasound by an increasing number of medical specialties has created the need for more ultrasound exposure and teaching in medical school. Although there is a widespread support for more vertical integration of ultrasound teaching throughout the undergraduate curriculum, little is known about whether the quality of ultrasound teaching differs if performed by anatomists or clinicians. The purpose of this study is to compare medical students' evaluation of ultrasound anatomy teaching by clinicians and anatomists. Hands-on interactive ultrasound sessions were scheduled as part of the gross anatomy course following principles of adult learning and instructional design. Seven teachers (three anatomists and four clinicians) taught in each session. Before each session, anatomists were trained in ultrasound by clinicians. Students were divided into groups, rotated teachers between sessions, and completed evaluations. Results indicated students perceived the two groups as comparable for all factors except for knowledge organization and the helpfulness of ultrasound for understanding anatomy (P 0.001). However, results from unpaired samples t-tests demonstrated a nonstatistically significant difference between the groups within each session for both questions. Moreover, students' test performance for both groups was similar. This study demonstrated that anatomists can teach living anatomy using ultrasound with minimal training as well as clinicians, and encourage the teaching of living anatomy by anatomists in human anatomy courses using ultrasound. Repeating this study at a multicenter level is currently being considered to further validate our conclusion.
- Published
- 2013
39. Medical students perceptions of ultrasound use for Gross Anatomy teaching by clinicians and anatomists
- Author
-
Frank Slaby, Rosalyn A. Jurjus, Kirsten Brown, Kathryn Dimorier, Kathleen Calabrese, and Yiju Teresa Liu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Genetics ,medicine ,Gross anatomy ,Medical physics ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2013
40. Decoupling of sexual dimorphism in the human bony pelvis and its relationship to differential selective pressures
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
Sexual dimorphism ,Bony pelvis ,Genetics ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Decoupling (electronics) ,Differential (mathematics) ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2012
41. Three-dimensional shape differences in the bony pelvis of women with pelvic floor disorders
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown, Valerie B. DeLeon, Katarzyna J. Macura, and Victoria L. Handa
- Subjects
Pelvic floor ,business.industry ,Urology ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Anatomy ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Pelvic Floor Disorders ,body regions ,Three dimensional shape ,Levator ani ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ischium ,Bony pelvis ,Case-Control Studies ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Pelvic Bones ,Pubic Bone ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the three-dimensional shape of the bony pelvis differs between women with and without pelvic floor disorders (PFDs). We predict that the levator ani attachment points for the pelvic floor are further displaced from one another in affected relative to unaffected women.Pelvic shape was quantified by collecting coordinate data from landmarks located on three-dimensional reconstructions of magnetic resonance images of 19 PFD cases and 16 matched controls. Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) was used to quantify and compare pelvic shape using these landmark data.There were no significant group differences in age, parity, body mass, racial attribution, cesarean section, or hysterectomy status. After controlling for size as a confounding factor, EDMA results identified significant differences (p = 0.05) in the bispinous diameter (4 % proportionally larger) and distances defining lateral displacement of ischia from pubis (5-6 % proportionally larger) in cases compared to controls.Pelvic shape in women with PFDs is characterized by the proportional mediolateral enlargement of the pelvic midplane and ischial eversion near the subpubic arch, consistent with inferolateral migration of the attachment points for the levator ani and correspondingly lateral displacement. These movements may result in increased strain on the pelvic floor's muscular and connective tissues, increasing the risk of failure over a woman's lifetime.
- Published
- 2012
42. Obstetrical adaptation: Body size and pelvic size
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Genetics ,medicine ,Biology ,Adaptation ,Body size ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2011
43. Shape differences in the bony pelvis of women with and without pelvic floor disorders
- Author
-
Valerie B. DeLeon, Kirsten Brown, Katarzyna J. Macura, and Victoria L. Handa
- Subjects
business.industry ,Bony pelvis ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,Pelvic Floor Disorders - Published
- 2010
44. Scaling in the primate masticatory apparatus
- Author
-
Valerie B. DeLeon, Megan A Holmes, Christopher B. Ruff, Kirsten Brown, and Bruno Frohlich
- Subjects
biology ,biology.animal ,Genetics ,Primate ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Neuroscience ,Scaling ,Biotechnology ,Masticatory force - Published
- 2010
45. Obstetrical adaptation in the human bony pelvis: A morphometric approach
- Author
-
Valerie B. DeLeon, Kirsten Brown, and Christopher B. Ruff
- Subjects
business.industry ,Bony pelvis ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,Adaptation (computer science) ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2009
46. Improving Anatomical Knowledge Through Nested Interactive Modules on the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Clerkship
- Author
-
Rosalyn A. Jurjus, Jill M. Krapf, Kirsten Brown, Gisela Butera, and Artin Galoosian
- Subjects
Clinical clerkship ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Obstetrics and gynaecology ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Anatomical knowledge ,medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medical physics ,business - Published
- 2015
47. Psychiatric intensive care: a developing specialty
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown and Nigel Wellman
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychiatric intensive care ,Nursing ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Critical care nursing ,medicine ,Specialty ,General Medicine ,business - Abstract
Care of acutely ill psychiatric patients is a problematic area for the NHS. This article charts the development of the specialty of psychiatric intensive care and discusses the major issues for staff and patients.
- Published
- 1998
48. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Beefpacking Workers in a Midwestern United States Slaughterhouse.
- Author
-
Jessica H Leibler, Jeanne A Jordan, Kirsten Brownstein, Lina Lander, Lance B Price, and Melissa J Perry
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Occupational contact with livestock is an established risk factor for exposure to livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly among industrial swine workers. While S. aureus is known to infect cattle, livestock-associated S. aureus carriage among workers in the beef production chain has received limited attention. Beefpacking workers, who slaughter, butcher and process cattle, have intensified exposure to potentially infectious animal materials and may be at risk of livestock-associated S. aureus exposure. We conducted a cross-sectional study of beefpacking workers (n = 137) at an industrial slaughterhouse in the Midwestern United States to evaluate prevalence and characteristics of S. aureus nasal colonization, specifically the absence of the scn gene to identify putative association with livestock, antibiotic susceptibility, presence of Panton-Valentin leukocidin (PVL) genes lukS-PV and lukF-PV, and spa type. Overall prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 27.0%. No workers carried livestock-associated MRSA. Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates (MSSA) recovered from five workers (3.6%) lacked the scn gene and were considered putative livestock-associated S. aureus (pLA-SA). Among pLA-SA isolates, spa types t338, t748, t1476 and t2379 were identified. To our knowledge, these spa types have not previously been identified as associated with livestock. Prevalence of human-adapted MRSA carriage in workers was 3.6%. MRSA isolates were identified as spa types t002, t008 and t024, and four of five MRSA isolates were PVL-positive. To date, this is the first study to indicate that industrial beefpacking workers in the United States may be exposed to livestock-associated S. aureus, notably MSSA, and to spa types not previously identified in livestock and livestock workers. Occupational exposure to livestock-associated S. aureus in the beef production chain requires further epidemiologic investigation.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Lecaillon, Jacques, and Germidis, Dimitri. Inégalité des revenus et développement économique. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. 1977. pp.236, tablas, diagrs. 49 F
- Author
-
Kirsten Brown
- Published
- 1977
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.