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Purpose: This study aims to compare graduate student perspectives of online versus face-to-face (FTF) education during the pandemic at two different universities. One university, the "International University", was physically located in Korea but served an international base of students, and the other was a Jesuit, Catholic University in the USA. Design/methodology/approach: An online Qualtrics survey was used to gather student perceptions on a five-point Likert scale on individual and program factors. Chi-square analysis using the contingency coefficient as the nominal value was performed to uncover significant differences. Findings: Significant differences between the two groups existed on motivation, discipline, self-directed, independence, cost investment, preference, happiness, difficulty, student-to-student interaction and student-to-instructor interaction. This research has implications for instructors and administrators in identifying shortcomings and highlighting the uniqueness of different practices around the world. Originality/value: Previous studies on student perceptions have been performed. However, this study is original in the fact that it directly compares two different graduate student populations perspectives of online versus FTF during the pandemic.

Podocyte, the gatekeeper of the glomerular filtration barrier, is a primary target for growth factor and Ca2+ signaling whose perturbation leads to proteinuria. However, the effects of insulin action on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in podocytes remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that insulin stimulates SOCE by VAMP2-dependent Orai1 trafficking to the plasma membrane. Insulin-activated SOCE triggers actin remodeling and transepithelial albumin leakage via the Ca2+-calcineurin pathway in podocytes. Transgenic Orai1 overexpression in mice causes podocyte fusion and impaired glomerular filtration barrier. Conversely, podocyte-specific Orai1 deletion prevents insulin-stimulated SOCE, synaptopodin depletion, and proteinuria. Podocyte injury and albuminuria coincide with Orai1 upregulation at the hyperinsulinemic stage in diabetic (db/db) mice, which can be ameliorated by the suppression of Orai1-calcineurin signaling. Our results suggest that tightly balanced insulin action targeting podocyte Orai1 is critical for maintaining filter integrity, which provides novel perspectives on therapeutic strategies for proteinuric diseases, including diabetic nephropathy.

Meniere's disease (MD) is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by tinnitus, ear fullness, episodic vertigo, and fluctuating hearing loss, which significantly impacts quality of life and poses management challenges. Recent evidence suggests that upper respiratory infections (URIs) may contribute to MD's onset. This study examines the potential link between URIs and MD using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (2002–2019). We analyzed 19,721 individuals with MD and 78,884 matched controls, adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities using propensity score matching. Our results showed that individuals with a URI within one year prior to the index date exhibited a 2.01-fold greater likelihood of developing MD (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.91–2.11, p < 0.001), while those with URIs within two years demonstrated a 1.54-fold higher probability (95% CI = 1.50–1.59, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that even remote URIs occurring up to two years before the index date significantly increased the risk of developing MD, underscoring the need for long-term patient follow-up. Overall, our study suggests that individuals with a history of URI may have an elevated risk of developing MD over multiple time frames, regardless of demographic or health profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study constructed deep learning models using plain skull radiograph images to predict the accurate postnatal age of infants under 12 months. Utilizing the results of the trained deep learning models, it aimed to evaluate the feasibility of employing major changes visible in skull X-ray images for assessing postnatal cranial development through gradient-weighted class activation mapping. We developed DenseNet-121 and EfficientNet-v2-M convolutional neural network models to analyze 4933 skull X-ray images collected from 1343 infants. Notably, allowing for a ± 1 month error margin, DenseNet-121 reached a maximum corrected accuracy of 79.4% for anteroposterior (AP) views (average: 78.0 ± 1.5%) and 84.2% for lateral views (average: 81.1 ± 2.9%). EfficientNet-v2-M reached a maximum corrected accuracy 79.1% for AP views (average: 77.0 ± 2.3%) and 87.3% for lateral views (average: 85.1 ± 2.5%). Saliency maps identified critical discriminative areas in skull radiographs, including the coronal, sagittal, and metopic sutures in AP skull X-ray images, and the lambdoid suture and cortical bone density in lateral images, marking them as indicators for evaluating cranial development. These findings highlight the precision of deep learning in estimating infant age through non-invasive methods, offering the progress for clinical diagnostics and developmental assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality‐induced spin selectivity observed in chiral 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite holds promise to achieve spin‐dependent electrochemistry. However, conventional chiral 2D perovskites suffer from low conductivity and hygroscopicity, limiting electrochemical performance and operational stability. Here, a cutting‐edge material design is introduced to develop a stable and efficient chiral perovskite‐based spin polarizer by employing fluorinated chiral cation. The fluorination approach effectively promotes the charge carrier transport along the out‐of‐plane direction by mitigating the dielectric confinement effect within the multi‐quantum well‐structured 2D perovskite. Integrating the fluorinated cation incorporated spin polarizer with BiVO4 photoanode considerably boosts the photocurrent density while reducing overpotential through a spin‐dependent oxygen evolution reaction. Furthermore, the hydrophobic nature of fluorine in spin polarizer endows operational stability to the photoanode, extending the durability by 280% as compared to the device with non‐fluorinated spin polarizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]