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Background: Single-parent families with children with disabilities need greater attention given the notable increase in their number and their additional difficulties. Single parents in East Asian countries, especially, may face greater risks than their peers elsewhere, given the region's unique cultural background. Method: The study used a mixed methods design; we administered a risk assessment survey to 354 families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and conducted in-depth interviews with eight single parents. Results: Compared to two-parent families, single-parent families faced greater risks with respect to family relationships, economic status and legal rights. In the interviews, single parents reported a range of challenges, including sole parental responsibilities, poor physical and mental health, social isolation and alienation, the stress of juggling care and work, and difficulty accessing services. Conclusion: These findings offer implications for future policy and practices concerning single parents in South Korea.

Na and Li metals are ideal anodes for high-energy rechargeable batteries. However, their poor coulombic efficiency and the associated safety issues due to dendritic metal deposition and large volume changes during metallic plating/stripping are the major causes that persistently hinder their practical energy-storage applications. Herein, Zn-containing carbon nanostructures derived from typical zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) are proposed as advanced metal anode materials for both Na and Li metal batteries. The three-dimensional interconnected porous surfaces confine metallic Na and Li within the nanostructures, filling the carbon scaffold, and covering the electrode surface to form stable solid electrolyte interphases. Based on the metal nucleation and growth results obtained through various electrochemical tests, Zn incorporation and pore morphology have been revealed to be the key factors that regulate the metal nucleation and metallic plating/stripping during cycling. Thus, the incorporation of Zn in the closed pores of a carbon nanostructure improves the cycle performance, even in carbonate electrolytes, and produces stable Na and Li metallic anodes for next-generation rechargeable batteries.

Background: Despite the increasing longevity of people with intellectual disability, community care systems are ill prepared to support the choices of people with intellectual disabilities for ageing well. This study aims to understand ageing experiences among middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities and their family carers with a focus on their perspectives of ageing well. Method: Interviews were conducted with 10 middle-aged people with intellectual disabilities and 12 family carers; the interview data were thematically analysed. Results: The participants highlighted the key elements of ageing well such as importance of living in a familiar place, having a reliable carer, nurturing independence, staying fit and healthy, and actively engaging in social activities. Conclusions: The findings suggest that middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities can best age well through future planning, along with support services tailored to respond to their changing needs as they age.

Background: To compare the visual efficacy and patient satisfaction between 2 toric IOLs (TIOL), enhanced for intermediate vision or monofocal. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 100 eyes from 68 astigmatic patients who underwent cataract surgery with implantation of a Tecnis Eyhance Toric II IOL (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Irvine, CA, USA) (Group 1, 50 eyes) or Tecnis TIOL (Group 2, 50 eyes). The uncorrected distant (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), and near (UNVA) visual acuities; residual refractive astigmatism; defocus curve; and IOL axis rotation were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months postoperatively. Results: The postoperative UDVA and UNVA refractive astigmatism values of the two groups were better than the preoperative measurements (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative UIVA of group 1 (0.18 ± 0.15 logMAR) was significantly better than that of group 2 (0.30 ± 0.25) (P < 0.05). The mean postoperative IOL rotation of group 1 (2.51 ± 0.79°) was lower than that of group 2 (3.02 ± 0.84°) (P < 0.05). Overall satisfaction of group 1 (1.27 ± 0.47) was better than that of group 2 (2.02 ± 0.53) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The Tecnis Eyhance Toric II IOL demonstrated less postoperative IOL rotation and excellent uncorrected intermediate vision compared with the Tecnis TIOL. Near visual acuity and overall satisfaction with the Tecnis Eyhance Toric II IOL were also higher than those with the Tecnis TIOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistent decomposition of electrolytes on graphite and silicon electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is typically mitigated by the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the inadequate formation and chemo‐mechanical degradation of SEI leads to re‐exposure of electrode to electrolyte, contributing to the deterioration of LIBs. To address this issue, tris(2,4‐pentanedionato)indium(III) (InAc) is incorporated into the work function tailoring additive. While conventional additives strengthen the chemo‐mechanical properties of SEI through compositional modifications derived from specific elements, InAc uniquely alters charge transfer across the electrode surface, facilitated by high or low work function layer. This additive establishes an interlayer between the SEI and graphite/SiO surfaces, attributed to its tailored lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Consequently, the exposure of graphite surface to the electrolyte is minimized by interlayer during cycling. The interlayer possesses a higher work function than lithiated graphite and suppresses further electrolyte decomposition on graphite. In contrast, the interlayer on SiO decreases work function of SiO surface, which promotes the formation of inorganic SEI on SiO. Hence the degradation of SEI is suppressed with LiIn layer at SiO electrode. This leads to a reduction in the ongoing accumulation of SEI, thereby enhancing durability of LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accelerated oxidative degradation observed in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs), particularly focusing on the argyrodite solid electrolyte in conjunction with Ni‐rich positive electrode surfaces is demonstrated. The formation of oxidative intermediates of the solid electrolyte oxidation process increases the amount of oxidation on the NCM surface with conductive carbon. The introduction of high‐weight‐composition conductive carbon additives results in a reduction of solid electrolytes within the positive electrode and the amount of solid electrolytes retained after formation. Consequently, cells with high concentrations of carbon additives demonstrate a decrease in both the cycle and power performances of ASSBs. The energy density of ASSBs is significantly limited by the fundamental failure mechanism induced by conductive carbon, particularly pronounced in cells with high active material contents. Consequently, this study provides pivotal insights for the design of high‐energy‐density ASSBs with NCM electrodes and high active material contents. To mitigate failure induced by high‐volumetric‐occupied carbon additives, carbon fiber‐type additives are further utilized to interconnect the NCMs by decreasing the occupation of the solid electrolyte domain by carbon. Morphological alteration of the carbon additive significantly improves the electrochemical performance of ASSBs by preventing the deterioration of the electrode structure even after prolonged cycling and suppressing electrolyte degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have drawn significant attention owing to their high theoretical discharge capacity and energy density. However, the dissolution of long‐chain polysulfides into the electrolyte during the charge and discharge process ("shuttle effect") results in fast capacity fading and inferior electrochemical performance. In this study, Mn2O3 with an ordered mesoporous structure (OM‐Mn2O3) was designed as a cathode host for LSBs via KIT‐6 hard templating, to effectively inhibit the polysulfide shuttle effect. OM‐Mn2O3 offers numerous pores to confine sulfur and tightly anchor the dissolved polysulfides through the combined effects of strong polar–polar interactions, polysulfides, and sulfur chain catenation. The OM‐Mn2O3/S composite electrode delivered a discharge capacity of 561 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles at 0.5 C owing to the excellent performance of OM‐Mn2O3. Furthermore, it retained a discharge capacity of 628 mA h g−1 even at a rate of 2 C, which was significantly higher than that of a pristine sulfur electrode (206 mA h g−1). These findings provide a prospective strategy for designing cathode materials for high‐performance LSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voids are widely disseminated in a powder when mixed, and hence the typical dry‐electrode preparation method yields a sparse dry‐electrode because the external pressure applied to the surface of the mixed powder is not evenly distributed. Consequently, particle cracking and void remnants appear in the electrode after calendaring. This study introduces a practically applicable bi‐functionalized electrode additive to simultaneously reinforce the chemo‐mechanical properties of millimeter‐thick dry electrodes. The agyrodite Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte and lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2) additive have different sizes, as demonstrated by their densification from their elaborate bimodal structure, which is densely packed. Because the additive is filled into the interparticle voids in the electrode sheet during electrode fabrication, a decrease in electrode cracking after calendaring is possible because of the uniform distribution of external pressure. Hence, a thin, highly ionic/electronic‐conductive electrode can be constructed by the addition of LiPO2F2 additive. Furthermore, during the formation, the active material surface‐contacted LiPO2F2 promptly produces a surface layer comprising LiF and LixPFy. Thus, the addition of LiPO2F2 further reduces the degradation of Li6PS5Cl solid electrolytes. As a result, the LiPO2F2 additive simultaneously improves the electrochemical and physicochemical properties of millimeter‐thick dry‐electrodes for high‐energy all‐solid‐state battery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]