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Three new species of Chaetophora Kirby & Spence, 1817 (Coleoptera: Byrrhidae: Syncalptinae) are described: C. morettoi sp. nov., C. milesi sp. nov. & C. smithi sp. nov. from Côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone and Zambia respectively. C. medleri Johnson 1978 is redescribed with additional faunistic records. Morphological features of C. russelli (Fiori, 1978) are also discussed. A diagnostic key to currently known species of Afrotropical Chaetophora is provided.

The mode-coupling theory of glass transition predicts the relaxation time divergence of glass-forming materials at the crossover temperature, which is approximately 1.2 times the calorimetric glass transition temperature. However, this divergence has not been experimentally observed. This is known as the most serious drawback of the mode-coupling theory. The use of viscosity-sensitive single molecule fluorescence probes enables the detection of the poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) relaxation time enhancement around the crossover temperature, thereby supporting the prediction by the mode-coupling theory.

The male of Haliplus (Liaphlus) madagascariensis Vondel & Bergsten, 2012 is illustrated, and additional faunistic records are noted. Additional description is given of the variation in the elytral maculation of H. (L.) alluaudi Régimbart, 1903. Records for specimens of African Haliplidae not yet recorded by Vondel (2010) and Vondel & Bergsten (2012) are presented. Some new country records are established and distribution maps are presented.

Epimetopidae are a small beetle family of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, comprising 72 described species in three genera: the American Epimetopus Lacordaire, 1854 (56 species), Asian Eumetopus Balfour-Browne, 1949 (eight species) and African Eupotemus Ji & Jäch, 1998 (eight species, of which six are described as new here). In this study we illustrate and compare the adult morphology of all three genera and generate the first DNA sequences for Eumetopus and Eupotemus. The morphological data and sequences of four genes (cox1, 16S, 18S and 28S) are used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among genera. Both strongly support the monophyly of Epimetopidae, reveal Eumetopus as the earliest diverging taxon and Epimetopus + Eupotemus as a strongly supported clade with numerous synapomorphies. The reciprocal monophyly of Epimetopus and Eupotemus is strongly supported by DNA data but not in the morphological analysis which reveals Epimetopus paraphyletic. Eumetopus, despite being the earliest branching clade, is characterized by many unique derived structures, e.g. by the presence of the sperm pump in males (unique in Hydrophiloidea). The available data on the biology of Epimetopidae indicate that most species inhabit sandy to muddy margins of streams or rivers. Females of all three genera carry egg cases; Epimetopidae hence are one of three independent lineages of Hydrophiloidea in which this behavior evolved. Larvae are only known for Epimetopus and are characterized by morphological adaptations for feeding by piercing and sucking, a closed tracheal system and abdominal gills; larvae of Eumetopus and Eupotemus remain unknown and further research is needed to confirm whether they show the same adaptations as Epimetopus. The taxonomy of the African genus Eupotemus is re­vised, with six species described as new: E. bilobatus sp. nov. (Nigeria), E. cameroonensis sp. nov. (Cameroon), E. ophioglossus sp. nov. (Gabon, Togo), E. smithi sp. nov. (Côte d’Ivoire), E. taianus sp. nov. (Côte d’Ivoire) and E. uluguru sp. nov. (Tanzania). Eupotemus limicola Delève, 1967 is fixed as the type species of the genus according to ICZN (1999: Art. 70.3). New records of Eumetopus species are provided (E. acutimontis Ji & Jäch, 1998 from Vietnam, E. bullatus (Sharp, 1875) from India: Maharashtra, E. flavidulus (Sharp, 1890) from India: Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, E. maindroni (Régimbart, 1903) from India: Maharashtra and Gujarat, and E. weigeli Skale & Jäch, 2003 from India: Uttarakhand). The habitus of all species is illustrated. An updated checklist of the Epimetopus species is provided, and records of two specimens of the E. costatus group from Zambia and Saudi Arabia are considered to result from either accidental introductions or mislabelling.

Pruritus is known to be a common complication in hepatitis patients, but the exact frequency and degree are not fully elucidated. Thus, we evaluated pruritus of 450 patients with chronic liver disease at our hospital. Pruritus was observed in 240 (53%) of the patients. Pruritus was significantly associated with males (OR = 1.51, P = 0.038) and patients with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≥ 200 U/L (OR = 1.56, P = 0.0495) and was significantly less in HBsAg-positive patients (OR = 0.449, P = 0.004). Seasonally, there was no difference in the frequency of pruritus between summer and winter. Of the 24 refractory pruritus patients treated with nalfurafine, 17 (71%) indicated improvement of itch, which is defined as a decrease in the visual analog scale score ≥ 30 mm. Pruritus was improved by nalfurafine both during daytime and nighttime in the Kawashima’s scores evaluation. All patients who received nalfurafine exhibited improved Kawashima’s scores ≥ 1 point during the daytime or nighttime. In conclusion, pruritus occurred in > 50% of patients with chronic liver disease, and predictors of pruritus were males and ALP ≥ 200 U/L. Nalfurafine may be useful for pruritus, regardless of whether daytime or nighttime.

We record Dolichopoda lustriae Rampini & Di Russo, 2008 (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Rhaphidophoridae) from the Pindus mountain range in Epirus, Greece, more than 200 km to the north of the type locality in Aetolia-Acarnania. We show that this species has an unusually broad distribution for a Balkan cave cricket, and can also live independently of caves, instead inhabiting the crevices of large rock formations. We found D. lustriae to be sympatric with Troglophilus zorae Karaman & Pavićević, 2011, whose presence in Greece is recorded for the first time in this study. We provide high-quality photographs of the habitus and genitalia of D. lustriae and re-describe its morphology. Detailed information about the habitat, behaviour of the D. lustriae is also provided, and possible measures for its conservation are suggested.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a known extraintestinal complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, since the prevalence of SpA is lower in Japan than in Europe, some patients may be inaccurately diagnosed and treated. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain the mainstay treatment for IBD-related SpA, anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody and ustekinumab have demonstrated efficacy in patients with SpA refractory to NSAIDs. We report here a case of Crohn's disease with SpA, as an extraintestinal manifestation, in which ustekinumab proved extremely effective, not only for alleviating the arthritis but also against skin manifestations and scleritis. Only a few studies have documented the therapeutic effects of ustekinumab against SpA associated with IBD; therefore, its efficacy remains unclear.

Background We reported that the pancreas of the interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) 2 knock-out (KO) mouse represents an early phase of acute pancreatitis, including defective regulatory exocytosis, intracellular activation of trypsin, and disturbance of autophagy. The significantly upregulated and downregulated genes in the IRF2 KO pancreas have been reported. The catalogue of gene transcripts included two types of calcium-binding proteins (S100 calcium binding protein G [S100g] and Annexin A10 [Anxa10]), which were highly upregulated in the IRF2 KO pancreas. As the intracellular calcium signal plays a pivotal role in regulatory exocytosis and its disturbance is related to pancreatitis, we then evaluated the role of S100g and Anxa10 in acute pancreatitis. Method We induced cerulein-pancreatitis in wild-type mice and examined the changes in the expression of these genes by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. We constructed S100g-overexpressing or Anxa10-overexpressing AR42J cells (AR42J-S100g, AR42J-Anxa10). We examined the changes in amylase secretion, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), and cell viability in these cells, when incubated with cholecystokinin (CCK). Results The expression of S100g and Anxa10 was increased in cerulean-induced pancreatitis. The acini were patchily stained for S100g and the cytosol of acini was evenly but weakly stained for Anxa10. Stimulation with 100pM CCK-8, decreased amylase secretion and inhibited the [Ca2+]i increase in AR42J-S100g cells. These effects were weak in AR42J-Anxa10 cells. Cell viability was not changed by incubation with cerulein. Conclusion In cerulean pancreatitis, the expression of S100g and Anxa10 was induced in the acini. S100g may work as a Ca2+ buffer in acute pancreatitis.

Antiangiogenic agents, such as ramucirumab, should be cautiously administered along with radiotherapy because of the enhanced risk of adverse events.

Pseudocirrhosis is a rare but important complication of metastatic cancer. We herein present the case of a patient with pseudocirrhosis occurring after a complete response to chemotherapy for metastatic gastric cancer was achieved. A 72-year-old man was diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma with multiple liver metastases. The patient's general condition was good, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1. Chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and S-1 was initiated and, after four cycles, the patient noticed sudden abdominal distension. Despite the marked regression of the liver metastases, massive ascites, segmental atrophy and esophageal varices developed, findings consistent with pseudocirrhosis. The patient achieved complete response for the primary and metastatic lesions. Following endoscopic ligation of the varices, he underwent subsequent chemotherapy with S-1 only and management of his ascites for 6 months. At 12 months after initial chemotherapy, the patient appeared to be disease-free. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of pseudocirrhosis in cases of cancer metastasis to the liver, including metastatic gastric cancer.

Objective: The standard treatment for ampullary tumors is pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, minimally invasive procedures such as endoscopic papillectomy (EP) and transduodenal ampullectomy (TDA) have recently gained popularity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these minimally invasive procedures for ampullary tumors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 42 patients who underwent either EP or TDA for ampullary tumors between June 2011 and November 2020. Results: We found that in patients with significantly larger tumors, TDA was often selected. Patients who underwent EP had significantly shorter hospital stays. No significant differences were observed regarding procedural accidents, tumor size, and recurrence. Conclusion: No differences were observed regarding the treatment outcomes of EP and TDA except hospital stay. EP is less invasive and can be the initial choice of procedure. TDA is performed when EP is not technically feasible. No significant relationship was noted between tumor size and recurrence, and careful observation of the patient’s postoperative course is required.

The existing goal-directed planning methods using predictive-coding-based variational recurrent neural network (PV-RNN) need many training samples. In this study, we propose a goal-directed planning method by PV-RNN from small training samples. To achieve generalization from small training samples, the proposed PV-RNN integrates the following two ideas: (1) To have internal models based on kinematics or dynamics (2) To have diversity in small training samples. We evaluated our proposed PV-RNN model for its ability to generate sufficiently generalized goal-directed plans from small training samples using an 8-DOF robot arm in a simulator environment. Furthermore, we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed PV-RNN compared to general reinforcement learning and imitation learning using a benchmark environment for a robot arm task.

Endustomus sanjensis sp. nov. is described from Tanzania. First records of Endustomus nimbaensis Ardoin, 1963 and Cossyphus (Cossyphus) moniliferus moniliferus Chevrolat, 1829 are given for Sierra Leone. New faunistic data are provided for E. parallelogrammus parallelogrammus Fairmaire, 1888, E. senegalensis Laporte de Castelnau, 1833, and E. magnicollis Fairmaire, 1887.

A 73-year-old man with worsened diabetes underwent abdominal computed tomography and was diagnosed with localized enlargement of the pancreatic tail. Based on the suspicion of autoimmune pancreatitis, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed. A cytologic examination showed findings suggestive of adenocarcinoma. Due to discrepancies between the imaging and pathological findings, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed. An extensive early gastric cancer lesion was detected in the posterior wall of the gastric corpus. It was therefore likely that puncturing through the tumor resulted in the contamination with cancer tissue. The possibility of a concomitant malignancy should be considered in EUS-FNA, and thorough examinations should be conducted.

Dactylozodes descarpentriesi unpublished name [Figure 62A & 62B] Paratype: “Rép. que Argentine Tandil // Brit. Mus 1974-271. // PARATYPUS A. COBOS // D. (Parazodes) descarpentriesi nov. sp. Paratypus A. Cobos det. 1974 // NHMUK 011520994 ”. Paratype: “Rép. que Argentine Tandil // Brit. Mus 1974-271. // PARATYPUS A. COBOS // D. (Parazodes) descarpentriesi nov. sp. Paratypus A. Cobos det. 1974 // NHMUK 011520995 ”. Current status: unpublished name. Comments: Lasionota (Lasionota) descarpentriesi (Cobos, 1974) is an unpublished name., Published as part of Pineda, Cristian & Matsumoto, Keita, 2021, Types of the New World Stigmoderini (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) deposited in Natural History Museum, London Buprestidae: Buprestinae: Stigmoderini, pp. 443-470 in Zootaxa 4964 (3) on pages 465-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4714553

Matsumoto, Keita (2021): New Records for Axiocerylon Grouvelle (Coleoptera: Cerylonidae) Species. The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (1): 266-269, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-75.1.266, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-75.1.266

A new species of Byrrhinus Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Limnichidae) from Cote d'Ivoire is described: Byrrhinus confoveorum Matsumoto, new species. Photographs illustrating relevant morphological characters to distinguish this species are provided.

Matsumoto, Keita (2021): New Records of Stemmoderus singularis Spinola (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (1): 150-153, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-75.1.150, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-75.1.150

Matsumoto, Keita, Geiser, Michael (2021): New Records for Acanthocnemus nigricans (Hope) (Coleoptera: Acanthocnemidae) in Africa. The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (1): 156-159, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-75.1.156, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-75.1.156

For the realization of magnonic devices, spin-wave dispersions need to be identified. Recently, the time-resolved pump-probe imaging method combined with the Fourier transform was demonstrated for obtaining the dispersions in the lower-wavenumber regime. However, the measurement takes a long time when the sampling rate is sufficiently high. Here, we demonstrated the fast acquisition of spin-wave dispersions by using the compressed sensing technique. Further, we quantitatively evaluated the consistency of the results. Our results can be applied to other various pump-probe measurements, such as observations based on the electro-optical effects., 5 pages, 4 figures

The taxonomic position of Penichrus blapstinoidesChampion, 1885 (type species of PenichrusChampion, 1885) within Tenebrionidae is discussed based on the analysis of both type material and comprehensive internal and external morphology. The species was formerly classified within Opatrini (subfamily Blaptinae); however, this hypothesis is hereby rejected as this species does not share any of the diagnostic characteristics proposed for that tribe. A detailed analysis of other phylogenetically crucial features (including male and female terminalia, defensive glands, antennae, and abdominal ventrites) places Penichrus within Tenebrioninae. However, a more detailed assignment is not currently possible given the present circumscriptions of tenebrionine tribes. The genus is hereby placed as incertae sedis within Tenebrioninae. A morphological analysis and discussion of current tribal concepts is presented, which exposes the weakness of the currently accepted classification system, and highlights a need for extensive comparative morphological studies within Tenebrioninae and related subfamilies. A lectotype for Penichrus blapstinoides is designated. Distolinus impressicollisFairmaire, 1892 is reinstated as a junior synonym of Penichrus blapstinoides. A revised checklist and key to the genera of Opatrini known from mainland North America are provided.

Coherent phonon-polaritons have attracted a considerable amount of interest owing to their relevance to nonlinear optics and terahertz (THz)-wave emissions. Therefore, it is important to analyze the THz electric-fields of phonon-polaritons. However, in the majority of previous measurements, only a single component of the THz electric field was detected. In this paper, we demonstrate that pump-probe electro-optical imaging measurements using the Stokes parameters of probe polarization enable the phase-resolved selective detection of THz electric-field components that are associated with the phonon-polariton. We experimentally distinguish the mode profiles of ordinary and extraordinary phonon-polaritons, and clarify the excitation mechanism as optical rectification. These results are explained by numerical calculations of Maxwell equations for the THz electric field. The technique of selectively observing the THz electric field components may be useful for designing efficient THz-wave emitters., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures

There are 55 valid species and 8 genera of Afrotropical Limnichidae currently described (Delève, 1968; Spangler et. al. 2001; Hernando & Ribera, 2006; Hernando & Ribera, 2014). Resachus Delève is within the “Mandersia group of genera” according to Hernando & Ribera (2005) with 3 known species: Resachus lineatifrons Delève, 1968 [Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia]; Resachus schuhi Hernando & Ribera, 2006 [Madagascar]; Resachus striatellus Delève, 1968 [Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria] (Delève, 1968; Hernando & Ribera, 2006). Specimens from Malawi have been identified as a new species. The new species have morphological characters, described in this paper, that distinguish them from any other known Resachus.

Case 1: A 59-year-old man was diagnosed with type 3 gastric cancer cStage Ⅲ(MU, Gre, tub2por, cT4aN2M0)induced by gastric perforation. The first surgery involving resection of the lesser curvature of stomach lymph node was judged to be difficult, and eventually exploratory laparotomy was performed. He received 3 courses of chemotherapy using S-1 plus oxaliplatin(SOX)(S-1 120mg/m2/day, day 1-14, oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2, day 1, followed by 7 days of rest). He subsequently underwent curative laparotomy gastrectomy plus D2(-No. 10)lymph node dissection, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Histological type was judged to be Grade 3. Case 2: A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with type 2 esophageal gastric junctional cancer,(GE, Less, tub2, cT4aN3M1[LYM])of cStage Ⅳ. He received 6 courses of chemotherapy using trastuzu- mab plus S-1 plus oxaliplatin(HER plus SOX)(trastuzumab 8mg/kg[2nd course 6mg/kg], day 1, S-1 120mg/m2/day, day 1-14, oxaliplatin 100mg/m2[5th course 80 mg/m2], on day 1, followed by 7 days of rest). He subsequently underwent laparotomy of the lower esophageal total gastrectomy plus D2(-No. 10, +No. 16, No. 110)lymph node dissection, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction as conversion surgery. Histological type was Grade 3. Both were impressive cases suggesting the usefulness of SOX therapy as a multidisciplinary treatment strategy for advanced gastric cancer.

We observed spin-wave transmission through an air gap that works as a prohibited region. The spin waves were excited by circularly polarized pump pulses via the inverse Faraday effect, and their spatial propagation was detected through the Faraday effect of probe pulses using a pump-probe imaging technique. The experimentally observed spin-wave transmission was reproduced using numerical calculations with a Green's function method and micromagnetic simulation. We found that the amplitude of the spin waves decays exponentially in the air gap, which indicates the existence of evanescent spin waves in the magnetic dipole regime. This finding will pave the way for controllable amplitudes and phases of spin waves propagating through an artificial magnonic crystal., 13 pages, 4 figures

Of late, magnetoelectric multiferroics have gained tremendous importance because they possess coexisting magnetic and ferroelectric phases, with cross-correlation effects between magnetic and electric degrees of freedom. BiFeO${}_{3}$ stands out as a canonical material in the multiferroics, because it exhibits ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism at room temperature. Here, the authors demonstrate for the first time that linearly polarized ultrafast light pulse leads to simultaneous excitation of coherent magnon and optical-phonon modes below the few terahertz frequency regime. Excitation of the terahertz magnon and optical phonon could pave the way to developing ultrafast magnetoelectro-optical devices.