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3. Early evolution of radial glial cells in Bilateria

Author

Helm, Conrad, Karl, Anett, Beckers, Patrick, Kaul-Strehlow, Sabrina, Ulbricht, Elke, Kourtesis, Ioannis, Kuhrt, Heidrun, Hausen, Harald, Bartolomaeus, Thomas, Reichenbach, Andreas, and Bleidorn, Christoph more...

Published
2017

11. Table S1. Sampling sites and fixation of specimens.; Figure S2. Comparison of conserved protein domains of Ofu-SCO with that of other members of the Thrombospondin-family. from Early evolution of radial glial cells in Bilateria

Author

Helm, Conrad, Karl, Anett, Beckers, Patrick, Kaul-Strehlow, Sabrina, Ulbricht, Elke, Kourtesis, Ioannis, Kuhrt, Heidrun, Hausen, Harald, Bartolomaeus, Thomas, Reichenbach, Andreas, and Bleidorn, Christoph more...

Abstract

Main domains are named in the scheme. All protein images are generated using SMART [S3, S4], modified and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported (creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/ 3.0/legalcode). more...

Published
2017
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12. Early evolution of radial glial cells in Bilateria

Author

Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Leipzig University, Austrian Science Fund, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Helm, Conrad, Karl, Anett, Beckers, Patrick, Kaul-Strehlow, Sabrina, Ulbricht, Elke, Kourtesis, Ioannis, Kuhrt, Heidrun, Hausen, Harald, Bartolomaeus, Thomas, Reichenbach, Andreas, Bleidorn, Christoph, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Leipzig University, Austrian Science Fund, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Helm, Conrad, Karl, Anett, Beckers, Patrick, Kaul-Strehlow, Sabrina, Ulbricht, Elke, Kourtesis, Ioannis, Kuhrt, Heidrun, Hausen, Harald, Bartolomaeus, Thomas, Reichenbach, Andreas, and Bleidorn, Christoph more...

Abstract

Bilaterians usually possess a central nervous system, composed of neurons and supportive cells called glial cells. Whereas neuronal cells are highly comparable in all these animals, glial cells apparently differ, and in deuterostomes, radial glial cells are found. These particular secretory glial cells may represent the archetype of all (macro) glial cells and have not been reported from protostomes so far. This has caused controversial discussions of whether glial cells represent a homologous bilaterian characteristic or whether they (and thus, centralized nervous systems) evolved convergently in the two main clades of bilaterians. By using histology, transmission electron microscopy, immunolabelling and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we show here that protostomes also possess radial glia-like cells, which are very likely to be homologous to those of deuterostomes. Moreover, our antibody staining indicates that the secretory character of radial glial cells is maintained throughout their various evolutionary adaptations. This implies an early evolution of radial glial cells in the last common ancestor of Protostomia and Deuterostomia. Furthermore, it suggests that an intraepidermal nervous system—composed of sensory cells, neurons and radial glial cells—was probably the plesiomorphic condition in the bilaterian ancestor. more...

Published
2017

14. Dose-dependent collagen cross-linking of rabbit scleral tissue by blue light and riboflavin treatment probed by dynamic shear rheology

Author

Schuldt, Carsten, primary, Karl, Anett, additional, Körber, Nicole, additional, Koch, Christian, additional, Liu, Qing, additional, Fritsch, Anatol W., additional, Reichenbach, Andreas, additional, Wiedemann, Peter, additional, Käs, Josef A., additional, Francke, Mike, additional, and Iseli, Hans Peter, additional more...

Published
2014
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15. Unidirectional Photoreceptor-to-Müller Glia Coupling and Unique K+ Channel Expression in Caiman Retina

Author

Zayas-Santiago, Astrid, primary, Agte, Silke, additional, Rivera, Yomarie, additional, Benedikt, Jan, additional, Ulbricht, Elke, additional, Karl, Anett, additional, Dávila, José, additional, Savvinov, Alexey, additional, Kucheryavykh, Yuriy, additional, Inyushin, Mikhail, additional, Cubano, Luis A., additional, Pannicke, Thomas, additional, Veh, Rüdiger W., additional, Francke, Mike, additional, Verkhratsky, Alexei, additional, Eaton, Misty J., additional, Reichenbach, Andreas, additional, and Skatchkov, Serguei N., additional more...

Published
2014
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17. Down-regulation of Kir4.1 in the cerebral cortex of rats with liver failure and in cultured astrocytes treated with glutamine: Implications for astrocytic dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy

Author

Obara-Michlewska, Marta, primary, Pannicke, Thomas, additional, Karl, Anett, additional, Bringmann, Andreas, additional, Reichenbach, Andreas, additional, Szeliga, Monika, additional, Hilgier, Wojciech, additional, Wrzosek, Antoni, additional, Szewczyk, Adam, additional, and Albrecht, Jan, additional more...

Published
2011
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21. Unidirectional Photoreceptor-to-Müller Glia Coupling and Unique K+ Channel Expression in Caiman Retina.

Author

Zayas-Santiago, Astrid, Agte, Silke, Rivera, Yomarie, Benedikt, Jan, Ulbricht, Elke, Karl, Anett, Dávila, José, Savvinov, Alexey, Kucheryavykh, Yuriy, Inyushin, Mikhail, Cubano, Luis A., Pannicke, Thomas, Veh, Rüdiger W., Francke, Mike, Verkhratsky, Alexei, Eaton, Misty J., Reichenbach, Andreas, and Skatchkov, Serguei N. more...

Subjects
PHOTORECEPTORS, POTASSIUM channels, CAIMANS, NEUROGLIA, VERTEBRATES, CELL membranes, CELLULAR signal transduction
Abstract

Background: Müller cells, the principal glial cells of the vertebrate retina, are fundamental for the maintenance and function of neuronal cells. In most vertebrates, including humans, Müller cells abundantly express Kir4.1 inwardly rectifying potassium channels responsible for hyperpolarized membrane potential and for various vital functions such as potassium buffering and glutamate clearance; inter-species differences in Kir4.1 expression were, however, observed. Localization and function of potassium channels in Müller cells from the retina of crocodiles remain, hitherto, unknown. Methods: We studied retinae of the Spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus), endowed with both diurnal and nocturnal vision, by (i) immunohistochemistry, (ii) whole-cell voltage-clamp, and (iii) fluorescent dye tracing to investigate K+ channel distribution and glia-to-neuron communications. Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed that caiman Müller cells, similarly to other vertebrates, express vimentin, GFAP, S100β, and glutamine synthetase. In contrast, Kir4.1 channel protein was not found in Müller cells but was localized in photoreceptor cells. Instead, 2P-domain TASK-1 channels were expressed in Müller cells. Electrophysiological properties of enzymatically dissociated Müller cells without photoreceptors and isolated Müller cells with adhering photoreceptors were significantly different. This suggests ion coupling between Müller cells and photoreceptors in the caiman retina. Sulforhodamine-B injected into cones permeated to adhering Müller cells thus revealing a uni-directional dye coupling. Conclusion: Our data indicate that caiman Müller glial cells are unique among vertebrates studied so far by predominantly expressing TASK-1 rather than Kir4.1 K+ channels and by bi-directional ion and uni-directional dye coupling to photoreceptor cells. This coupling may play an important role in specific glia-neuron signaling pathways and in a new type of K+ buffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2014
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