Search

Bixin 1 is the major constituent of the reddish carotenoids present in the seed‐coat of Bixa orellana. The use of the extract of the seed‐coat of Bixa orellana in food, cosmetics and garments is well known. The nano‐sized long 24 C chain molecule has nine conjugated double bonds having extended conjugation with the '‐COOH' and '‐COOMe' groups present at the two ends of the molecule. Herein, we report the first self‐assembly of bixin in several aqueous liquids. The molecule undergoes spontaneous self‐assembly in several liquids yielding vesicular self‐assembly. Characterizations of the self‐assemblies of bixin were carried out by various microscopic techniques, X‐ray diffraction and FTIR studies. The critical vesicular concentrations (CVCs) of the compound carried out in DMSO‐water in three different solvent ratios as 2: 1 (v/v), 1: 1 (v/v) and 1: 4 (v/v) were determined to be 100 μM, 90 μM and 60 μM respectively indicating lower CVC values at higher proportion of water. Utilization of the vesicular self‐assemblies of bixin have been demonstrated in the entrapment and release of fluorophores including the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and curcumin. Self‐assembled bixin and curcumin loaded self‐assembled bixin showed significant antibacterial activity with both Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a prime or semiprime ring, λ a nonzero left-sided ideal of R and α , β be two automorphisms of R. Let F : R → R and G : R → R be two generalized (α , β) -derivations of R associated with (α , β) -derivations d : R → R and g : R → R , respectively. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the following identities: (1) G (x y) + d (x) F (y) + α (x y) = 0 ; (2) G (x y) + d (x) F (y) = 0 ; (3) G (x y) + d (x) F (y) + α (y x) = 0 ; (4) G (x y) + d (x) F (y) + α (y x) + α (x y) = 0 ; (5) G (x y) + d (x) F (y) + α (y x) − α (x y) = 0 ; (6) G (x y) + d (y) F (x) + α (y x) = 0 ; (7) G (x y) + d (y) F (x) + α (y x) + α (x y) = 0 ; (8) G (x y) + d (y) F (x) + α (y x) − α (x y) = 0 ; (9) G (x y) + F (x) F (y) = 0 ; (10) G (x y) + F (y) F (x) = 0 ; (11) F (x y) + G (x) α (y) + α (y x) = 0 ; (12) F (x) F (y) + G (x) α (y) + α (y x) = 0 , for all x , y ∈ λ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2, Z(R) its center, Qr its right Martindale quotient ring, C its extended centroid, f (x 1 , ... , x n) a non-central multilinear polynomial over C, b ∈ Q r and F, G two b-generalized skew derivations of R. If there exists a ∈ R \ Z (R) such that [ a , F (f (r 1 , ... , r n)) f (r 1 , ... , r n) ] = f (r 1 , ... , r n) G (f (r 1 , ... , r n)) for any r 1 , ... , r n ∈ R , then f (x 1 , ... , x n) 2 is central valued on R and there exist p , q ∈ Q r such that F(x) = px, G(x) = xq for all x ∈ R with [ a , p ] = q . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show the way to get into some results of partially ordered (in short, po-) ternary semigroup based on quasi-ideals, bi-ideals and semiprime ideals. We extend some results of po-semigroup into po-ternary semigroup under certain methodology. In particular, we characterize some properties of regular po-ternary semigroup, left (resp. right) regular po-ternary semigroup, completely regular po-ternary semigroup and intra-regular po-ternary semigroup by using quasi-ideal, bi-ideal and semiprime ideal of po-ternary semigroup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the notions of m-clean and strongly m-clean ring as generalizations of clean ring and strongly clean ring respectively. We prove that if a ring R is m-clean then the matrix ring M n (R) is also m-clean. We provide a characterization of strongly m-clean ring in terms of quotient ring by its ideal which is contained in its Jacobson radical. In particular, we prove that a ring is strongly m-clean if and only if its quotient ring by a nil ideal is strongly m-clean under certain conditions. We also introduce the notion of m-local ring as a subclass of local ring. We establish that a ring is m-local if and only if it is m-clean and it has no non-trivial m-potent element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a commutative ring and S a multiplicatively closed subset of R. Hamed and Malek [7] defined an ideal P of R disjoint with S to be an S-prime ideal of R if there exists an s ∈ S such that for all a, b ∈ R if ab ∈ P, then sa ∈ P or sb ∈ P. In this paper, we introduce the notions of S-k-prime and S-k-semiprime ideals of semirings, S-k-m-system, and S-k-p-system. We study some properties and characterizations for S-k-prime and S-k-semiprime ideals of semirings in terms of S-k-m-system and S-k-p-system respectively. We also introduce the concepts of S-prime semiring and S-semiprime semiring and study the characterizations for S-k-prime and S-k-semiprime ideals in these two semirings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, our main objective is to introduce and investigate the interval-valued (in short, (i-v)) prime fuzzy hyperideal in semihypergroups in detail. We notice that every (i-v) semiprime fuzzy hyperideal may not be an (i-v) prime fuzzy hyperideal and we produce a counter example to illustrate this result. Moreover, we define (i-v) fuzzy hyper radical of an (i-v) fuzzy hyperideal of a semihypergroup. Finally, we study some interesting properties regarding this radical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be a prime ring with its Utumi ring of quotients U, C = Z(U) extended centroid of R, F a nonzero generalized derivation of R, L a noncentral Lie ideal of R and k ≥ 2 a fixed integer. Suppose that there exists 0 ≠ a ∊ R such that a|F(un1), un2, . . . , unk ] = 0 for all u ∊ L, where n1, n2, . . . , nk ≥ 1 are fixed integers. Then either there exists λ ≥ ∊ C such that F(x) = ≥x for all x ∊ R, or R satisfies s4, the standard identity in four variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be an associative ring and σ, τ two epimorphisms of R. A mapping F : R → R (not necessarily additive) is said to be a multiplicative (generalized)-(σ, τ)-derivation if F(xy) = F(x)σ(y) + τ(x)g(y) holds for all x, y ∈ R, where g is any mapping on R. The main object in this article is to study the situations (1) F(xy) - F(x)F(y) = 0, (2) F(xy) + F(x)F(y) = 0, (3) F(xy) - F(y)F(x) = 0 and (4) F(xy) + F(y)F(x) = 0; for all x, y in some nonzero subsets of prime and semiprime rings, where F is a multiplicative (generalized)-(σ, σ)-derivation of R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]