Search

In order to solve the problem of graphics processing unit (GPU) memory access conflicts possibly caused by the disorder of particles and enhance the computation efficiency, an improved GPU acceleration strategy is proposed by establishing particle reorder technology. The acceleration strategy is applied to the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate the dam breaking with obstacles in three dimensions, and the algorithm is verified by comparing with the experimental results, which obtained a high calculation accuracy. Based on this benchmark example of the SPH, the studies on the effect of particle renumbering and the solution efficiency of the algorithm are conducted by comparing the simulations of different hardware facilities. The results indicate that the particle reorder technology can ensure a stable single-step running time, and can effectively solve the problem of graphic card memory access conflicts that commonly exist in the GPU-SPH algorithm. Furthermore, the GPU parallel algorithm can greatly improve the solution efficiency of the SPH method, and with the increase of particle number, the advantage of drastically reducing the computation time becomes more obvious. The method proposed in this paper provides the possibility to expand the application of the SPH method to solve 3D numerical simulations.

Introduction: Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in surgical techniques and treatment regimens, the therapeutic effects of glioma remain unsatisfactory. Immunotherapy has brought new hope to glioma patients, but its therapeutic outcomes are limited by the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study aimed to reveal the subpopulations and functional characteristics of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and explore the regulatory effects of chlorogenic acid (CHA) on the immune microenvironment, as well as its potential for clinical application. Methods: In this study, CHA was used in model mice. ScRNA - seq analysis was conducted to elucidate the differentiation trajectories and functional characteristics of bone marrow - derived monomacrophages (BMDMs) and microglia. A PPI and molecular docking model were constructed using the target prediction database. A case of a patient treated with CHA was reviewed. Results: CHA slowed tumor growth in model mice and extended the survival time of mice. It enhanced the antigen - presenting function of macrophages and T - cell immune activation - related gene expression, activated microglia through the JAK - STAT pathway, and improved the antitumor functions. The good affinity of CHA with STAT1 was confirmed. The patient treated with CHA survived for 5 years and 6 months, achieved partial remission (PR) after 9 months of treatment, and remained alive without any new symptoms or toxic side effects. Our study revealed the subtypes and differentiation trajectories of TAMs. CHA significantly improved the immune microenvironment of glioma by modulating the function of BMDMs and microglia. Discussion: This study may provide new insights into targeting the regulation of TME and offer theoretical and practical support for the clinical application of CHA. The results demonstrated the potential of CHA in improving the immune microenvironment and antitumor effects, which could have implications for future glioma treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Icing poses significant threats to the safety and reliability of structures in cold regions, thus prompting researchers to explore deicing methods. This paper establishes a bubble deicing system and investigates the utilization of bubble pulsation energy for removing ice from frozen structures. Traditional deicing methods suffer from issues such as high energy consumption, severe environmental pollution, and secondary icing. To address these challenges and advance the development of deicing technology, harnessing the substantial energy generated by bubble pulsation can be employed for effective deicing purposes. Through experimental analysis, this study successfully demonstrates the feasibility of employing cavitation for deicing applications. Several experimental cases are conducted to elucidate the mechanism behind bubble-energy-based deicing, varying parameters including the distance between bubbles and targets as well as ice sheet thickness within a range of 5~35 mm. The findings indicate that bubbles can effectively facilitate deicing processes. Further exploration is required to fully understand the potential of bubble deicing technology and its prospects in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]