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Aim The aim of the study was to compare the healing and osseous regeneration of mandibular third molar extraction sockets with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with the evaluation of clinical objectives such as pain, swelling, trismus, soft tissue healing, pocket depth distal to second molar and radiological evaluation of the bony density in the postextracted third molar socket. Materials and methods In this prospective study, 100 patients were selected by the random sampling method from the outpatient department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in the year 2016-2017. Patients were equally allocated into intervention (transalveolar extraction followed by PRP placement) and nonintervention (transalveolar extraction without PRP placement) group as group I and group II, respectively, and evaluation parameters were considered accordingly. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 15.0 (IBM, USA) statistical analysis software. Results The pain score of patients of group I (non-PRP) was found to be higher as compared to group II (with PRP). Mean trismus of patients of group II was found to be higher than that of group I at postoperative day 7, but this difference was not found to be statistically significant. Swelling at T-Sn (Tragus-Subnasale) and T-Pog (Tragus-Pogonion) was higher among patients of group I as compared to group II. Healing in group II was two to three times faster than group I. Healing among patients of group I and group II was found to be statistically significant. The mean pocket depth of patients of group I was found to be significantly higher than that of group II at follow-up of 1 and 2 months. The bone density of patients of group II was found to be significantly higher than that of group I at 3 months and 6 months follow-up. Conclusion The procedure of PRP preparation is simple and cost-effective, and can be prepared at the point of care. It had a significant impact on the postoperative healing of the third molar socket. Clinical significance The use of PRP application increases the bone density, healing process, and improvement in the pain and swelling, and there was a definite reduction in trismus and periodontal probing depth after the impacted mandibular wisdom teeth extraction.

Cancer remains the scourge of mankind, lets us not delude ourselves. Despite recent advances in molecular biology and very advanced techniques leading to early detection of malignant tumours and despite newer drugs and use of nanotechnology an adjunct measures for targeted therapy, cancer remains the most deadly enemy and killer of mankind. Thus cancer remains the single most factor for increase mortality and morbidity of human being as well as for entire nation, impacting its manpower and economy. It is this vicious cycle that needs to be controlled, broken and irradiated which at present appears to be a herculean tasks although not an impossible one.

Aim/Objectives: This study was aimed to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Pseudomonas species isolated from various clinical samples by phenotypic methods with their susceptibility testing. Materials and Methods: Hundred Pseudomonas isolates were taken from various clinical samples of patients attending outpatient department (OPD) and inpatient department (IPD). Antimicrobial susceptibility test and ESBL detection were assessed using CLSI guidelines on Mueller Hinton agar. Results: Out of 100 Pseudomonas isolates, 46 isolates were from female and 54 were from male patients. More cases of pseudomonal infection were in the age group between 46 and 60 years (34%), and 59% of Pseudomonas species were isolated from patients belongs to urban areas and the rest 41% were from rural. The isolates collected from OPD were 61% and rest 39% from IPD. Pseudomonas species showed maximum resistance to cephalosporin group of antibiotics and showed least resistance to imipenem, and showed 100% susceptibility to colistin. ESBL production was detected in 42% of total isolates. Conclusion: The present study highlights that the Pseudomonas species remains an important cause of nosocomial infections. ESBL producing Pseudomonas species continue to be an important organism causing life-threatening infections. Multidrug resistance was seen in most of the strains. Resistance is developing even to combination of ceftazidime clavulanic acid. Resistance is developing to last resort of antibiotic, i.e. imipenem also. This gives the alarming signal for the future, making the therapeutic options more difficult. Strict infection control measures are to be taken to contain this so-called water and soil organisms as Pseudomonas.

Background: Literature have shown the microbiological and mechanical benefits gained from using platform switching. Also there is increasing need for intentional inclination of the implants in specific situations like those placed in the anterior maxilla. There are no studies that evaluate the bone behaviour when using abutments associated with the principle of platform switching in different angulations in anterior maxilla. The aim of the present study was to measure and compare the stress distribution on peri-implant bone when implants are placed in the anterior maxilla using 2 different abutments with different angulations and 2 different load conditions, by means of 3D-Finite Element Analysis (FEA) which might be a powerful and effective tool to visualize such a situation. Materials and Methods: Six mathematical models of implant-supported central incisor were created with varying abutment angulations: straight abutment (S1 and S2), angulated abutment at 15 degrees (A1 and A2) and angulated abutment at 20 degrees (A3 & A4), submitted to 2 loading conditions (146 N): S1, A1 and A3 oblique loading (45 degrees) and S2, A2 and A4 axial loading, parallel to the long axis of the implant. Maximum (Rmax) and minimum (Rmin) principal stress values were obtained for cortical and trabecular bone. Results: All models showed higher stress on the peri-implant bone when subjected to oblique loading. For the cortical bone, the maximum principal stress (σ max) was highest in A1(45.53) followed by S1(34.82), A2(30.31), A3(24.85), S2(19.69) MPa and the least being in A4(16.57). For the trabecular bone, the σ max was highest in S1(8.75), followed by A1(12.12), S1(8.75), A2(7.12), A3(6.18), A4(4.12), and in S2(3.28) being the least. Conclusion: Implants demonstrated increased maximum principal stress in oblique loading compared to axial loading in all the models. Maximum von Mises stress was increased with increase in the angulation of abutment, highest being in 200 and least being in straight implant abutment. Overall, Maximum principal stresses were seen well within the yield strength of cortical and trabecular bone.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to provide a quantitative evaluation of oral mucosal micronuclei (MN) frequency as a biomarker for oral cancer susceptibility in carcinogenesis progression. Methods: 60 patients were included in the study. 30 patients with biopsy proven epithelial dysplasia (ED, 15) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, 15) comprised the study group and 30 patients with normal buccal mucosa, reporting for minor surgical procedures formed the controls. After informed consent, exfoliated cells were collected from the affected site using a premoistened wooden spatula and spread on precleaned slides, fixed, stained using modified rapid Papanicolaou method and subjected to microscopic examination. MN were identified and scored according to Tolbert et al. criteria. Results: Maximum patients with ED and OSCC were males and in age groups of 20–40 and 40–60 years, respectively. The most common site was the buccal mucosa. The maximum of MN count/500 cells in OSCC group was 11.93, 4.0 in ED and 1.46 in controls, with the mean and mean MN index ± SD distribution in the three groups showing high statistical significance (P = 0.000). A significant difference between mild and moderate ED and between moderately and well-differentiated OSCC was also observed. Conclusion: MN assays can help in early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions, thereby improving survival and reducing morbidity associated with treatment. MN index is thus a feasible and economical method for screening high-risk populations of oral cancer, to be able to timely identify genomic damage in order to prevent the cancer epidemic.

A mucous cyst (mucous extravasation cyst, mucocele, ranula, mucous retention cyst) is a thin sac on the inner surface of the lips. They are painless swellings but can be bothersome. The cysts are thought to be caused because of trauma by sucking of the lip membranes between the teeth, if left untreated; they can organize and form a permanent bump on the inner surface of the lip. They are Case Study Agarwal et al.; BJMMR, 10(2): 1-5, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.15245 2 known as ranula when on the floor of the mouth, and epulis when present on the gums. This article highlights the advantages and evaluates the efficacy of treatment of mucocele with the help of diode lasers.

Maxillary third molars are one of the most commonly impacted teeth, but its inverted type is very rare. Five cases of inverted and impacted maxillary wisdom teeth are described here. Two were symptomatic and required transalveolar extractions, while three were conservatively managed. Complications may arise from surgical removal of inversions, and so, removal must be carefully weighed against the benefits of retaining them. This case series discusses the rare occurrence of impacted inverted maxillary third molars, its increased incidence in the Indian population, and the dilemma considering its treatment options. If left untreated, regular follow-up should be done to note for any complication.

Tumour markers in clinical oncology comprises substances that are produced by malignant cells or the substances that are produced by other cells under the influence of malignant cells and that can be determined in body fluids. Tumour markers can be found in cells, tissues or body fluids. These are biochemical substance. Tumour markers can be classified in according to their chemical structure, their tissue of origin, types of malignancies in which they are elevated. The concentration of tumor marker are related to the growth of malignant tumours in patients. Application of molecular tumor markers, which make histology more accurate and additionally help to prognosticate cancer. Early detection would significantly decrease the mortality rate of oral cancer. The utilization of tumour markers depends upon the sensitivity, specificity and upon reliability of methods that are being used for the same purpose. This review include different types of markers their application and limitation.

Aim and Objectives: Aim of this study was to compare prospective effectiveness of arthrocentesis of temporomandibular joint by single- and double-needle technique in central India population. Materials and Methods: Out of 230 patients, 500 joints were included in the study and were randomly selected into two groups: single needle and double needle. Follow-up of patients were done as 1 week, 1 and 3 months. (The statistical analysis was done using SPSS [Statistical Package for Social Sciences] Version 15.0 Statistical Analysis Software). Results: Both techniques were equally effective at reducing pain and increasing the maximal mouth opening. The single-needle technique was easier to perform and required a shorter operative time (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that single versus double arthrocentesis techniques were equally effective in reducing the pain and increasing the mouth opening and reducing the clicking sound. However, single-needle technique was easier to perform and required a shorter operative time.